硼对等离子熔覆高硼铁基合金组织和性能的影响

采用等离子弧熔覆技术在20g钢表面堆焊Fe-Cr-B-C系的铁基复合材料,利用X射线衍射（XRD）,光学显微镜（OM）,扫描电镜（SEM）,洛氏硬度计及湿砂磨损试验机等试验设备进行检测、试验,研究不同硼加入量对熔覆层显微组织与性能的影响规律.结果表明,熔覆层显微组织由过饱和α-Fe枝晶固溶体、枝晶间硼化物共晶组织以及碳化物等组成;熔覆层中硬质相主要有Cr2B,CrB2,Fe2B,Cr7C3,B4C等;随着硼含量的增加,硼化物明显增多,当硼添加量为5%时熔覆层的硬度及耐磨性达到最佳,其硬度值为66.1 HRC,磨损量仅为0.383 g;继续增加硼的添加量,熔覆层的耐磨性能降低.     

激光熔覆FeCrNiCoMnBx高熵合金涂层的组织结构与性能

采用激光熔覆技术制备FeCrNiCoMnB_x高熵合金涂层,研究了硼含量对激光熔覆FeCrNiCoMnB_x高熵合金涂层的组织结构、硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响,以及硼化物中层错形成机制。结果表明:涂层均由简单fcc结构固溶体和硼化物两相组成。当硼含量x≤0.75时,生成的硼化物以(Cr,Fe)_2B相为主;而当硼含量x=1时,生成大量的(Fe,Cr)_2B相。随着硼含量的增加,涂层中的硼化物含量增加,硬度增大,耐磨性能增强。硼化物(Fe,Cr)_2B相在(110)面存在大量堆垛层错。硼化物中的层错是(Fe,Cr)_2B相通过(110)面的层错(滑移距离为1/4[111])方式而向(Cr,Fe)_2B相转变而产生。     

铸铁等离子熔覆铁基合金耐磨涂层

利用等离子熔覆技术,选择合适的工艺参数,在硼铸铁基体上熔覆铁基合金粉末制备具有冶金结合的耐磨涂层.采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜研究了涂层的组织,利用显微硬度计测试了涂层的显微硬度,通过环-块磨损试验评估了涂层的耐磨性.结果表明,硼铸铁等离子熔覆铁基合金涂层组织主要由(Cr,Fe)7C3,α-(Fe,Cr)和Fe3C相组成;涂层的显微硬度可达600～1 200 HV0.2;在干滑动磨损条件下,涂层的耐磨性约是基体试样的5倍.涂层中高硬度的(Cr,Fe)7C3及Fe3C相的抗磨骨架作用,大量Cr,Si原子溶入基体引起的过饱和固溶强化作用,涂层快速加热及快速凝固产生的细晶强化作用是涂层耐磨性提高的主要原因.     

反应等离子熔覆Fe-Cr-Ti-C涂层的组织与性能

采用等离子表面熔覆技术,以高能等离子束为热源在Q235基体钢板上熔覆无钛以及含钛(其它粉末成分基本不变)的铁基合金涂层.利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子探针(EPMA)、显微硬度计对涂层的组织、相组成和显微硬度等进行分析.结果表明,与无钛铁基粉末涂层相比,含钛铁基合金熔覆层晶粒组织明显细化,且含有较多带状晶,但随着合金粉末中钛含量的增多,熔覆层共晶组织中硬质相(Cr,Fe)7C3逐渐增多,抑制了硬质相的析出,熔覆涂层的平均和最高显微硬度值也相应降低.     

钨极氩弧熔覆原位自生铁基复合涂层组织与性能

目的以钨极氩弧作为热源,在Q235钢表面原位自生铁基复合涂层。方法以铁粉、铁基合金粉(G302)、B4C粉末作为预置合金粉,设置两种粉末质量比Fe:B4C=15:1(记为S1)、G302:B4C=8:1(记为S2),在Q235钢表面原位合成铁基复合涂层。对涂层进行一系列组织性能表征,利用扫描电镜(SEM)分析涂层的显微组织,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层的物相组成,利用MHV-2000型数字式显微硬度计测量熔覆试样显微硬度的变化。结果在试样S1和S2中,涂层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合,在结合界面处没有气孔、裂纹等缺陷。通过XRD分析可知,预置合金粉末发生了化学反应且反应比较充分,没有B4C剩余。试样S1中的增强相主要由Fe_2B、Fe_7C3、Fe_3C组成,试样S2中的增强相主要由Cr-Fe、(Cr,Fe)7C3、(Fe,Cr)2B组成。试样S1中的硼化物及碳化物呈不连续网状分布;试样S2中的网状结构减弱,出现了块状和短棒状结构。试样S1和S2基体至涂层的显微硬度呈梯度变化,且涂层的显微硬度明显比基体高,S2中涂层的显微硬度达到1200HV0.1,约是基体硬度的6倍。结论利用上述预制合金粉可以原位合成铁基复合涂层。随着硼元素含量的提高以及Cr元素的加入,有助于改善硼化物形态,使其由网状结构向块状转变。原位生成复合陶瓷增强相均匀分布在铁基体上,涂层硬度显著提高。     

钨极氩弧熔覆原位合成颗粒增强铁基复合涂层组织及耐磨性的研究

采用钨极氩弧熔覆技术,在Q235钢板表面熔覆添加不同含量B和Si的铁基复合粉末,制备具有原位合成颗粒增强相的铁基复合涂层。分析了B、Si添加量对涂层组织、物相、硬度和耐磨性的影响。结果表明,铁基复合涂层主要由黑色的α-(Fe,Cr)基体和白色的(Fe,Cr)_7C_3、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_7C_3、Fe_3B、Cr_3C_2及Cr FeB等原位生成硬质相组成。B元素含量的增加,原位生成的硼、碳化物等硬质相数量增加。涂层的硬度随着B、Si含量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,B、Si含量均为1%时达到峰值。涂层的磨损失重与硬度不完全对应,添加1.0%B、1.0%Si的涂层耐磨性最差,添加0.5%B、0.5%Si的涂层具有良好的耐磨性。     

以蔗糖为前驱体制备反应等离子熔覆高铬铁基复合涂层

以铁、铬、钨、镍粉末和碳的前驱体(蔗糖)为原料通过碳化制备了反应等离子熔覆Fe-Cr-C-W-Ni复合粉末,采用同步送粉反应等离子熔覆设备和优化的反应等离子熔覆工艺,在调质C蕉钢(C≤0.35%)基材表面制备了高铬铁基复合涂层.结果表明,采用前驱体碳化复合技术制备的Fe-Cr-C-W-Ni复合粉末粒度均匀、无有害相生成;熔覆所得到的涂层以(Cr,Fe)7C3/γ共晶为基体,其上分布大量的(Cr,Fe)7C3初生相.涂层与基材界面为完全冶金结合.涂层断面上的平均显微硬度约为1 100 HV.相同条件下所获涂层的磨损体积大约是常规等离子熔覆Ni60涂层的1/7.     

激光熔覆FeCoCrxNiB高熵合金涂层的组织结构与耐磨性

为探究Cr元素对高熵合金涂层组织结构和性能的影响,在45钢基体上用激光熔覆方法制备了FeCoCrxNiB高熵合金涂层,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度和耐磨测试等方法研究了Cr含量对FeCoCrxNiB激光熔覆高熵合金涂层组织结构、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:熔覆态高熵合金的组织均由先共晶M2B相和共晶组织(面心立方结构相(FCC)+M2B相)组成。随着Cr含量的增加,共晶组织含量增多,M2B相减少,先共晶硼化物形态呈现不规则颗粒状到树枝状再到条块状的变化,共晶组织形貌由蜂窝状向片层状转变。涂层平均硬度随着Cr含量增加逐渐降低,FeCoCr0.5NiB涂层平均硬度最高为860HV0.2。涂层的耐磨性能与硬度呈正相关关系,即FeCoCr0.5NiB涂层耐磨性最高,FeCoCr3NiB涂层耐磨性最低。     

碳弧堆焊和激光熔覆铁基合金粉块涂层的组织及性能

采用碳弧堆焊和激光熔覆法将Fe-05合金粉块分别熔覆在Q235钢基体表面。分析了涂层的显微组织和物相组成。测试了涂层的显微硬度和磨损失重。研究了熔覆工艺对涂层组织、硬度及耐磨性的影响。结果表明,碳弧堆焊和激光熔覆涂层的显微组织为黑色基体相上分布着白色的物相。其中黑色物相为基体α-(Fe,Cr)固溶体,白色物相主要为(Fe,Cr)_7C_3、Cr_(23)C_6、Cr_7C_3、Fe_2B、Fe_3B、Cr_3C_2、CrFeB及Ni_3Si。碳弧堆焊和激光熔覆涂层中均有裂纹产生,裂纹类型均为穿晶裂纹。激光熔覆涂层的显微硬度高于碳弧堆焊层,平均显微硬度约为989 HV。激光熔覆涂层的耐磨性高于碳弧堆焊涂层。     

高频感应熔覆铁基涂层组织的研究

采用高频感应熔覆技术在低碳钢表面熔覆了一层铁基耐磨涂层,利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对熔覆涂层的微观组织形貌进行了分析.结果表明:采用高频感应熔覆技术能制得冶金结合性能良好的铁基涂层,熔覆涂层的组织由大量的γ-(Cr-Ni-Fe-C)合金固溶体相和CrB,Cr2B,Cr23 C6,Cr7 C3,Fe3C等硼化物、碳化...     

钛合金表面激光熔覆AlBxCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的组织与性能

目的研究AlB_xCoCrNiTi(x=0、0.5、1)高熵合金涂层的组织及性能,提高钛合金表面硬度及耐磨性。方法采用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面制备出AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子探针(EPMA)等材料分析手段,研究了B含量对高熵合金涂层形貌、组织结构、成分的影响,并采用维氏硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验检测了熔覆涂层的硬度和耐磨性能。结果高熵合金涂层与基体的整体结合形貌良好。未添加B的高熵合金涂层主要由BCC相和晶体结构类似(Co,Ni)Ti_2相组成。随着B的加入,高熵合金涂层的晶粒得到细化,BCC相含量增加,(Co,Ni)Ti_2相含量有所减少,且熔覆层原位生成了TiB_2硬质相,TiB_2硬质相含量随B含量的增加而增加。熔覆涂层的硬度和耐磨性与B含量呈正相关关系,AlB_1CoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的平均显微硬度最大,为814HV,且AlB_1CoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的磨损量最小,其耐磨性约为未添加B的高熵合金涂层的7倍。结论 B含量的增加,有助于改善AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层的摩擦学性能,AlB_xCoCrNiTi高熵合金涂层有效提高了钛合金表面的硬度及耐磨性能。     

Corrosion Behavior of Arc Sprayed Nickel-Base Coatings

In this study, nickel-base cored wires were prepared by using NiCr strip to wrap metal powders of nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium boron (CrB). Nickel-base coatings were prepared by electric arc spraying. Microstructures of Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-B coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive analysis (EDAX), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The coatings have a compact surface and presented a bonding strength higher than 40 MPa. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements and salt-spray test were carried out to determine the corrosion behavior of the coatings. The results showed that Ni-base coatings containing Mo (5%) or B (2-4%) had better antichlorine ion corrosion performance than that of Ni-base coatings without Mo element, and PS45 (Ni-Cr-Ti) coating. The antichlorine ion corrosion coatings could be used for resolving the corrosion protection problem of the equipment and piping contacting sour, alkali, salt liquid in petrochemical engineering applications. This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Global Coating Solutions, Proceedings of the 2007 International Thermal Spray Conference, Beijing, China, May 14-16, 2007, Basil R. Marple, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2007.     

Effect of Nb addition on microstructure and properties of laser cladding NiCrBSi coatings

NiCrBSi coatings with different Nb additions have been prepared by laser cladding. The microstructure, phase composition, hardness, and wear resistance of the coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalyser (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness tester and M-200 wear tester. The results show that the phases in the NiCrBSi coating without Nb addition include γ-Ni, Cr₂₃C₆, Cr₇C₃, Ni₃B, Ni₃Si₂ and CrB. The NbC phase appears in coatings after the addition of Nb element. When the addition of Nb is 2?wt-%, the NbC particles with a size of about 1.2?μm were found in the coating, and the amount of NbC is about 1.8?vol.-%. With the increase of Nb addition, the size and amount of NbC in the coatings also increased. When the addition of Nb is 6?wt-%, the size of NbC is about 2.3–6.1?μm and the morphology of NbC changed from particle to quadrangular and petaloid shaped. In addition, when the addition of Nb is 2?wt-%, the hardness and wear resistance of the coating are the best, and the wear resistance of the coating is 104% higher than that without Nb addition.     

Microstructure and properties of thermal-sprayed NiCrWRE coatings

The powders of NiCrW and NiCrWRE alloys were flame sprayed on a medium-carbon steel substrate by thermal spray welding. The micro- structure and tribological behavior of coatings were studied experimentally by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, field emission gun scanning electron microscope （FEGSEM）, and wear tests. The addition of CeO2 modifies the coating morphology from a needle-like structure to a roughly cubic morphology; the refining and purifying effect of rare earth elements makes the microstmcture more compact and finer. Analysis of the worn surfaces reveals that the coatings with CeO2 addition show improved abrasive wear resistance over those without CeO2. By adding CeO2, the hardness of the coatings is significantly increased, and the wear resistance of the coatings is enhanced.     

FORMATION OF GRADIENT COATING OF Fe-BASED ALLOY WITH RARE EARTHS BY PLASMA SURFACING

A gradient coating of Fe-based alloy was manufactured with rare earths (RE) by plasma surfacing on Q235 steel substrate. The coatings were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential thermal analyzer (DTA), and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results show that the phases of the two kinds of coatings(with and without RE) both include α-Fe, Fe7C3， Fe3C, Cr2B, Fe2B and FeB. The microstructure of F314 coating is mainly hypereutectic, the pro-phases Cr7C3 and Cr2B are loose, crassi, spiculate and contain microcracks. The brittleness of the coating is high, and the average hardness is 787 HV. When 0.8wt% RE was added into the F314 alloy, the microstructure varied from hypoeutectic to hypereutectic continuously, The hardness appears as gradient distribution with the highest value of 773 HV, meanwhile, the brittleness decreases significantly. The formation of gradient structure depends on the fallowing factors: (i) the conversion of RE. The addition of RE lowers the elements point and Fe-C eutectic temperature, thus the base metal melting acutely. (ii) the heating of plasma arc.Graded temperature results in directional solidification, thus the gradient structure forms easily. The main reasons for the hardness decrease with RE addition in the alloy are the ratio of hard phase lowering and the hardness of the hard phase decreasing.     

纯镁微弧氧化-壳聚糖/海藻酸钠载铜复合膜层制备及抑菌性

目的采用多种表面技术复合在纯镁表面制备了功能性生物复合膜层,以调控医用纯镁降解速度,赋予纯镁内固定材料的抑菌性和生物活性。方法分别通过纯镁微弧氧化,电镀壳聚糖、海藻酸钠,化学镀铜等方法,制作不同复合膜层,分别为纯镁微弧氧化膜层(A组)、纯镁微弧氧化-壳聚糖复合膜层(B组)、纯镁微弧氧化-壳聚糖/海藻酸钠复合膜层(C组)、纯镁微弧氧化-壳聚糖/海藻酸钠/壳聚糖复合膜层(D组)和纯镁微弧氧化-壳聚糖/海藻酸钠载铜复合膜层(E组)。采用扫描电子显微镜分析膜层的微观形貌,测定润湿角,将材料与大肠杆菌共同培养,计算抑菌率。结果 A组表面有很多微孔和少量微裂纹,B组表面的微孔和微裂纹减少,C组的微孔和裂纹基本消失,D组和E组表面的微孔裂纹消失并出现微网状结构。A组和E组为亲水性膜层,C组为疏水性膜层,B组和D组的膜层接近疏水性。A组抑菌率最低,B、C、D组的逐渐增高,分别为26%、30%、61%,E组的抑菌率高达88%。结论纯镁微弧氧化-壳聚糖/海藻酸钠载铜复合膜层有封孔和愈合裂纹的作用,具有较好的抑菌性。     

AZ31B镁合金表面电镀铝锰合金的耐蚀性

在镁合金AZ31B表面通过预镀锌处理后采用无机熔盐电沉积铝锰合金。使用SEM、EDX和XRD分析镀层的表面形貌、成分和组织,采用动电位极化曲线及表面显微硬度测量考察了镀层对镁合金耐蚀耐磨性的影响。结果表明,熔盐成分、电流密度和熔体温度等典型工艺参数对铝锰合金镀层的形貌、成分和组织都具有重要的影响,进而影响了镀层的耐蚀性。镁合金电镀铝锰合金后,腐蚀电位有很大的提高, 而腐蚀电流密度大幅度的下降;同时铝锰合金镀层表现出很高的硬度,显著的提高了镁合金的耐蚀耐磨性。     

含B量对激光熔覆FeCoCrNiB_x(x=0.5,0.75,1.0,1.25)高熵合金涂层组织结构与耐磨性的影响

采用激光熔覆技术制备FeCoCrNiBx高熵合金涂层,用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、硬度和耐磨测试等方法,研究了B含量对激光熔覆FeCoCrNiBx高熵合金涂层的组织结构、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明,随B含量的增加,合金相结构逐渐由fcc固溶体结构转变为fcc固溶体和M3B相共存,M3B相主要为Cr、Fe硼化物。随B含量的增加,枝晶组织中析出颗粒状和短棒状的M3B相,且M3B相逐渐长大成长条状。B的增加显著提高合金涂层的硬度,由4470 MPa增加到8480 MPa,且磨损量随着B的增加而减少。     

Wear and corrosion behaviors of duplex surface treated 316L austenitic stainless steel via combination of boriding and chromizing

Surface of low carbon austenitic stainless steel (AISI 316L) was modified by duplex surface treatment to improve its wear behavior, without compromising corrosion resistance of the steel. The duplex surface treating process composed of pack boriding (B) and pack chromizing (Cr) stages. Some specimens were duplex surface treated by boriding followed by chromizing (B–Cr), while some others were treated via chromizing followed by boriding (Cr–B), to evaluate the effect of duplex treatment sequence on wear and corrosion resistances. Microstructural studies, phase identification, wear and corrosion behaviors of the specimens were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), pin-on-disc wear test, and potentiostat electrochemical test. The results show that the precedence of boriding stage to chromizing stage makes significant improvement in wear and corrosion resistances of the duplex coating, whereas B-Cr coating provided superior wear resistances (up to 49%) and reduced corrosion rate (up to 4.5 times) in comparison to Cr-B and boriding coatings. Corrosion resistance of B-Cr coating was comparable to that of the stainless steel.