AZ70镁合金热压缩变形特性

在温度为300℃～420℃、应变速率为0.001s-1～1s-1的变形条件下,采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对AZ70镁合金热压缩变形特性进行了研究。结果表明,合金的流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,随温度的升高而降低;在给定的变形条件下,计算出合金的变形激活能为132kJ/mol,应力指数为6.2;建立了合金高温变形的本构方程;降低变形温度和提高应变速率可使再结晶晶粒平均尺寸减小。根据实验分析得出,材料的最佳热加工工艺条件为变形温度340℃～400℃,应变速率0.001s-1～0.1s-1,并提出以低速为宜。     

热变形参数对新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金微观组织的影响

采用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机进行新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金的热压缩实验,变形程度为10%～80%,变形温度为300℃～450℃,应变速率为0.001s-1～10s-1。利用光学显微镜(OM)和透射显微镜(TEM)观察合金在不同压缩条件下的组织形貌特征,分析了热变形参数对微观组织的影响。研究结果表明,试验温度范围内,变形程度达到50%以上时,试样呈锻态变形组织,且变形程度的增大,有利于动态再结晶的进行;随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小,位错密度减小,亚晶粒尺寸增大。新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金热压缩变形过程中主要的软化机制为动态回复和动态再结晶,当应变速率为0.01s-1、变形温度为300℃～400℃时,主要发生动态回复;当变形温度为450℃、应变速率在0.001s-1～10s-1范围内时,其变形以动态再结晶为主。     

Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-2Zn-0.6Zr合金本构方程模型及加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机在温度为623～773K,应变速率为0.001～1s-1条件下对Mg-10Gd-4.8Y-2Zn-0.6Zr(wt%)合金进行热压缩实验,研究了该合金热变形行为及热加工特征,建立了该合金热变形时的本构方程和加工图.结果表明,该合金高温变形时的峰值应力随着应变速率的降低和变形温度的升高而显著减小;变形激活能为289.36kJ/mol;合金高温变形时存在两个失稳区,分别是变形温度为770～773K,应变速率为0.1s-1左右的区域,和变形温度小于750K,应变速率小于0.03s-1的区域;合金的最佳热加工温度为750～773K,应变速率为0.001～0.01s-1.     

新型含Zr超高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金的高温压缩流变行为

采用等温压缩试验法,研究了新型含Zr超高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金在变形温度为300～450℃和应变速率为0.001～1s-1条件下的流变变形行为,获得了等温恒速单轴方向热压缩变形过程的真应力-真应变曲线,建立了流变应力本构方程。结果表明:在实验范围内,该合金高温压缩时均存在稳态流变特征且属于正应变速率敏感材料;在较低温度和较高应变速率条件下,流变应力除了与应变速率、变形温度有关以外,还与变形量有关;可用包含Arrhenius项的Zener-Hollomon参数描述该合金的高温压缩流变行为,基于热模拟试验提供的真应力-真应变数据,可得出流变应力σ解析表达式中A、α和n分别为2.09×106s-1、0.019MPa-1和5.075,其热变形激活能Q为112.66kJ/mol。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金热压缩流变应力行为及组织演变

采用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机进行了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的等温压缩实验,变形温度为250～450℃,应变速率为0.001～0.1 s-1,变形量为10%～50%,获得了热压缩变形的真应力-真应变曲线.应力-应变曲线基本呈现回复型曲线特征,计算得出其应力指数为4.60,热变形激活能为186.70 kJ·mol-1;综合分析了变形温度、应变速率和变形量对组织演变的影响规律,确定了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的锻造工艺参数为:锻造温度区间420350℃,应变速率0.01～0.1 s-1,变形量>30%.     

TC18钛合金高温变形行为与加工图

采用Gleeble1500热模拟机进行了热压缩试验,研究了TC18钛合金在温度700～950℃,应变速率0.001～10s-1条件下的高温压缩变形行为,并根据应力-应变曲线建立了合金的加工图.研究结果表明:合金在两相区温度变形,应力-应变曲线呈现流变软化特征;而在单相温度区和高应变速率下,合金表现出间断的屈服现象.合金适宜的加工条件为T=700～850℃,(ε)=0.01～0.001s-1与T=850～900℃,(ε)=1～10s-1.合金热加工失稳区为T=700～750℃,应变速率为0.1～10s-1区域.     

变形态Ti40合金高温变形行为

在GLEEBLE热模拟试验机上对变形态Ti40合金进行热压缩实验,采用基于Prasad准则的加工图技术,研究变形态Ti40合金在变形温度950℃～1100℃、应变速率0.001s-1～1.0s-1范围内的微观变形机制和流变失稳现象,并优化该合金的高温变形参数。结果表明,失稳区出现在低温、高应变速率区,当变形温度为950℃～1010℃、应变速率0.13s-1～1.0s-1时,失稳区会出现局部流动,在实际热加工时应尽量避开这一参数范围;变形温度950℃～1100℃、应变速率0.001s-1～0.01s-1为较佳的变形参数范围,其变形机制以动态再结晶为主,伴随动态回复,最佳的变形参数位于温度1050℃、应变速率0.001s-1附近,该区域发生了完全动态再结晶;除失稳区和较佳变形区以外的区域,变形机制以动态回复为主,伴随动态再结晶,是可加工的区域。     

挤压态AZ80镁合金的热变形行为

通过热压缩实验,研究挤压态AZ80镁合金在变形温度为250-450℃,应变速率为0.001-10 s-1条件下的热变形行为。采用经过温升修正的流变应力计算该合金的Zener-Hollomon参数（Z参数）。结果表明,挤压态AZ80镁合金适宜的变形条件为应变速率0.1 s-1、变形温度350-400℃。另外,讨论了显微组织演化与Z参数之间的关系。在高温及低应变速率（低Z参数）时,合金发生了完全再结晶并产生了大的再结晶晶粒。综合考虑加工图和显微组织,变形温度400℃、应变速率0.1 s-1是合金适宜的热变形条件。     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Y合金热压缩力学行为及热加工图

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对Cu-Cr-Zr-Y合金进行高温等温压缩试验,变形温度和应变速率分别为650~850℃和0.001~10 s-1,对合金高温热压缩过程中的变形行为进行研究。结果表明:其流变应力随应变速率的提高而增大,随变形温度的升高而减小。并根据动态材料模型绘制和分析了该合金的热加工图,得出了热变形过程的最佳工艺参数为:温度为800~850℃,应变速率范围为0.001~0.1 s-1。     

高强可焊2195铝-锂合金热压缩变形的流变应力

在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上,采用高温等温压缩,0.001～10 s-1,变形温度为360～520℃,对2195铝-锂合金在高温压缩变形中的流变应力行为进行了研究,分析了其高温变形的物理本质.结果表明:在应变速率为1 s-1(变形温度为520℃)和应变速率为0.1、0.01、0.001 s-1(变形温度为360～520℃)时,2195铝-锂合金热压缩变形流变应力出现了明显的峰值应力,表现为连续动态再结晶特征;在其它变形条件下存在较为明显的稳态流变特征;可采用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦函数来描述2195铝-锂合金高温变形时的流变应力行为;在获得的流变应力σ解析表达式中,A、α和n值分别为2.569×1017 s-1、0.012 48 MPa-1和5.94;热变形激活能Q为250.45 kJ/mol.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。