桩端土和桩侧土在荷载传递过程中的相互强化

通过模型试验和现场测试,对桩侧土和桩端土在荷载传递过程中的相互强化作用进行了研究,并对这种相互强化作用机理进行了深入的理论分析。研究发现:不但桩端土的强度对桩侧土的极限摩阻力的发挥具有强化作用,同样,桩侧土的强度对桩端的极限端阻力的发挥也具有强化作用。     

桩端土特性与桩侧阻力关系的有限元分析

桩端阻力和桩侧阻力不是相互独立的,桩端土特性不同将影响桩侧阻力的发挥.通过有限元软件进行数值分析,研究了不同桩端土特性对桩侧阻力的影响.结果表明:提高桩端土的强度不仅可以减小桩端沉降,还可以使桩身总侧阻力提高;桩端强度的提高会提高桩侧阻力,尤其是桩端附近桩侧摩阻力;同时,从桩端部位土体随荷载增加位移发展过程的角度,对增强效应机理进行解释.     

大直径桩荷载传递的桩端土效应

通过室内深基坑模型试验、深井荷载试验和桩的现场静载试验，系统地研究了大直径桩的桩端土效应，对桩端阻力深度效应的机理进行了深入分析。研究表明：桩端阻力的发挥不但与持力层强度有关，也与桩的入土深度、下卧层土的性质和强度、桩端直径、桩端位移及桩侧土的强度有关。     

大直径桩荷载传递的桩端土效应

通过室内深基坑模型试验、深井荷载试验和桩的现场静载试验,系统地研究了大直径桩的桩端土效应,对桩端阻力深度效应的机理进行了深入分析。研究表明:桩端阻力的发挥不但与持力层强度有关,也与桩的入土深度、下卧层土的性质和强度、桩端直径、桩端位移及桩侧土的强度有关。     

泥质岩地区大直径深嵌岩桩的承载特性

基于自平衡桩基测试技术,根据坝陵河大桥现场的2根桩基（SZ1、SZ2）和北盘江大桥的1根桩基（SZ3）的静载荷试验报告,对泥质岩地区大直径深嵌岩桩（嵌岩比hr/d〉3.0）在万吨级荷载作用下的承载特性进行了研究,包括桩顶荷载和位移的关系、桩侧阻力、桩端阻力等。结果表明：在泥岩地区大直径深嵌岩桩桩顶荷载-位移曲线主要以缓变型为主;桩端岩石风化程度对端阻力影响较大,微风化的泥质砂岩和白云岩极限承载力要比弱风化的泥质灰岩高;桩侧阻力的发挥与桩土界面相对位移关系比较密切,泥质白云岩桩侧阻力发挥所需桩土位移相对位移较小;最后把桩极限侧阻力与勘探报告预估值进行了分析。     

嵌岩桩竖向承载机理的数值分析

嵌岩桩的极限承载力高,在现场试验中很难将其加载至破坏和监测破坏时分析嵌岩段摩阻力的分布特征.在有限单元法的基础上,采用ANSYS软件,对两个嵌岩桩模型进行了竖向承载机理模拟.分析了桩端阻力在桩顶荷载中的比例、不同土层侧摩阻力的分布等状况.数值模拟结果表明:嵌岩桩的桩顶荷载由桩侧摩阻力与桩端阻力共同承担,桩侧阻力占60%～70%,桩端阻力和嵌岩层阻力占30%～40%;土层侧摩阻力达到极限时,桩端阻力和嵌岩层的侧摩阻力还可以进一步的发挥.     

膨胀土中桩侧阻力的静载试验研究

通过室内模型试验，研究和分析了不同荷载以及不同时间条件下膨胀土地基中桩侧阻力的时程性。试验研究发现：相同时间、不同荷载作用下，桩身不同深度处侧阻力随荷载增加呈线性分布，靠近桩顶截面的侧阻力增加趋势更快，靠近桩端截面的侧阻力增加趋势相对较慢；在同级荷载不同时间条件下，桩身不同深度处的侧阻随时间增加变化不大。在试验研究的基础上，还对桩侧阻力的影响因素作了相关的理论分析和探讨。     

竖向荷载下膨胀土中桩侧摩阻力室内模型试验分析

为研究含水率和围压对膨胀土中桩侧摩阻力的影响，在经过改造的三轴仪上对膨胀土中的桩进行竖向极限承载力试验，测得桩侧摩阻力随含水率和围压的变化情况。试验结果表明：当沉降在2～3 mm范围内时，桩顶荷载达到极限承载力，之后承载力缓慢下降，最后趋于稳定；在相同含水率条件下，桩侧极限摩阻力随着围压的增大而增大；在相同的围压条件下随着含水率的增大，桩侧极限摩阻力表现为先增大后减小的变化趋势。通过试验结果对比发现，土体在最优含水率18%条件下的桩侧摩阻力最大，直剪试验表明桩侧摩阻力与土体的粘聚力有一定的关系，所以在含水率18%条件下桩-土界面的摩擦力要优于其他2组含水率的土体。     

粉喷桩桩侧摩阻力强化效应作用机理有限元分析

根据邯郸市某工程粉喷桩单桩载荷试验资料，依据Meyerhof理论，采用有限元法分析了桩侧摩阻力强化效应与桩身强度、桩长、桩端土压缩模量及桩顶荷载的关系，结果显示：在桩端以da（4～6）B范围内，桩端土压缩模量对粉喷桩承载力的影响很大，该结论对复合地基的设计具有指导意义。     

桩—承台—土共同工作机理分析

本文分析了低承台复合桩基在承台作用下的桩-承台-土的共同工作机理,具体分析了它的荷载传递变化及其桩周土受荷变化,从中得出承台的作用使桩侧摩阻力,桩端阻力均有提高。     

Centrifuge experiment on the penetration test for evaluating undrained strength of deep-sea surface soils

Rapid advances in deep-sea mining engineering have created an urgent need for the accurate evaluation of the undrained strength of marine soils, especially surface soils. Significant achievements have been made using full-flow penetration penetrometers to evaluate marine soil strength in the deep penetration; however, a method considering the effect of ambient water on the surface penetration needs to be established urgently. In this study, penetrometers with multiple probes were developed and used to conduct centrifuge experiments on South China Sea soil and kaolin clay. First, the forces on the probes throughout the penetration process were systematically analyzed and quantified. Second, the spatial influence zone was determined by capturing the resistance changes and sample crack development, and the penetration depth for a sample to reach a stable failure mode was given. Third, the vane shear strength was used to invert the penetration resistance factor of the ball and determine the range of the penetration resistance factor values. Furthermore, a methodology to determine the penetration resistance factors for surface marine soils was established. Finally, the effect of the water cavity above various probes in the surface penetration was used to formulate an internal mechanism for variations in the penetration resistance factor.     

Gibson地基在简谐荷载下的竖向振动分析

用解析方法研究了下卧基岩的Gibson地基的动力问题.基于Biot动力固结方程,考虑了土体和水体的惯性力以及水土耦合作用的影响,采用Hankel积分变换求解耦联合方程组,得到动荷载下饱和土振动问题的解答.根据下边界为不透水基岩的边界条件,获得了地基表面作用圆形轴对称周期荷载时土层应力、位移等的一般积分形式解,并利用矩阵传递法完成了对多层地基和Gibson地基的计算.研究表明,激振频率的影响与渗透系数密切相关;随着层厚的增加,反射波的影响迅速衰减.     

A constitutive model for granular soils

A simple constitutive model is presented to describe the mechanical behaviors of granular soils in a large stress range. A novel normal compression line(NCL) is first expressed by introducing a limit void ratio(e_L) in the double logarithmic scale.Subsequently, a state parameter(ξ) is defined to quantify the current state of granular soils, and a unified hardening parameter(H)that is a function of the state parameter(ξ) is developed to govern the hardening process of the drop-shaped yield surface.Combining with flow rule, a constitutive model for granular soils is proposed. Finally, the comparison between the predictions and the test results of Cambria sand and Coarse-grained material indicates that the model is able to describe the mechanical behaviors of granular soils in a large stress range.     

土的动力Hardin-Drnevich模型再认识

基于热力学方法,为深入认识土体动力耗散特性及变形机理,从Hardin-Drnevich模型的骨架曲线和滞回曲线出发,采用热力学方法,引入背应力为塑性模量与塑性应变乘积的假定,构造土体动力增量耗散函数,该方法自动满足热力学定律.并讨论其对应的p-q应力空间中的屈服曲线的形式、变化规律以及材料参数对屈服曲线的影响.结果表明,其屈服曲线遵循直线形式,并且随着材料参数的增大,发生逆时针的旋转.     

土壤对苯系物的吸附行为研究

为保护石化工业区重要的地下水源地,选取淄博市代表性土壤,采用静态吸附平衡法,研究了苯系物在天然土壤中的吸附行为.以吸附理论为基础,考察了混合苯系物在土壤中的吸附动力学过程、吸附-解吸等温线和不同因素对吸附的影响.结果表明,Henry直线型吸附模型较好地拟合了土壤中苯系物的吸附-解吸等温线,解吸过程存在明显滞后现象,且有机质仍然是影响吸附的主要因素.由于土壤体系自身具有较强的缓冲能力,pH值和盐度对吸附过程的影响不显著.另外,温度升高,土壤对混合苯系物的吸附量增大,这可能与苯系物溶解度随温度变化的规律有关.     

季铵盐在土壤中的吸附行为

通过静态吸附实验研究了土壤对季铵盐的吸附行为,进行吸附等温线的测定并考察吸附时间、吸附温度、土壤有机质含量对吸附效率的影响.结果表明,3种不同土样对季铵盐的吸附等温线均较好地符合Langmuir吸附模式,并且计算得到各方程组成的参数项数值都能较好地反映土壤的吸附特性.季铵盐在土壤中的吸附过程很快,振荡30min即已达到最大吸附率的90%,1h就达到了吸附平衡.温度的升高不利于季铵盐在土壤中的吸附,温度从25℃升高到45℃,季铵盐的饱和吸附量从32.0mg.g-1降低到29.9 mg.g-1,吸附量与土壤有机质含量具有线性关系,随着有机质含量的增大而增大.     

Effective stress in soils under different saturation conditions

BISHOP’s effective stress or two state stress variables are unsatisfactory for unsaturated soils where one of fluid phases is discontinuous, so new expressions of effective stress should be founded. The approach for derivation was according to the principle of equilibrium of forces (i.e., the stress-sharing principle), and it was firstly validated by demonstrating TERZAGHI’s principle of effective stress. And then, the derivations were subdivided into four parts according to different pore air states: 1) air bubbles were spherical and suspended in pore water; 2) air bubbles were bound on soil skeleton; 3) air bubbles held almost the single section of pore; 4) air phase was continuous. The different formulae of effective stress were presented. Conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) For nearly-saturated soils, the “real” effective stress would be a little smaller than TERZAGHI’s effective stress; 2) For soils in which air phase is discontinuous in the form of bubbles, a new concept of pore air elastic pressure is put forward, and the total stress can be constituted by effective stress, pore water pressure and pore air elastic pressure; 3) For soils in which air phase is continuous, effective stress is equal to the value of the total stress plus suction; 4) Suction can be divided into two parts: one is the effect caused by additional pressure, and the other is the contract action by the “skin”.     

车辆载荷作用下路基土的变形特性

通过路基土在重复荷载作用下的室内实验，研究了路基土回弹变形和累积变形随荷载轴次增长的发展规律以及各种因素对累积变形的影响。所有试验均在MTS试验系统上完成。相关研究及分析成果是发展路面力学设计方法所必备的依据之一。     

成层地基中Love波的弥散特性

本文结合有限元法与半无限元法研究了成层地基中土层的剪切波速度,质量密度和厚度对Love波速度弥散曲线以及相应的位移分布的影响。考虑到土的粘滞性,本文进一步讨论了阻尼比对Love波速度的弥散性及位移分布的影响,得到了一些有价值的结论。