甜橙果酒澄清技术研究

甜橙是柑橘属中一个较优良的加工品种,以其酿制的果酒营养丰富,但是果酒的澄清度会影响其品质。为了提高甜橙果酒的品质,通过添加蛋清、明胶、壳聚糖、果胶酶、皂土等不同的澄清剂处理果酒,以透光率作为澄清效果的评价指标,并对处理后的果酒进行酒精度测定和感官评价。结果表明,单一澄清剂对甜橙果酒有澄清作用,其中蛋清、明胶、壳聚糖、果胶酶、皂土最适添加量分别为0.08%、2.0%、0.08%、1.5%和9%,以皂土澄清效果最佳;将明胶及皂土组合得到复合澄清剂,透光率达96.20%,感官评价得分最高为89.6分,对酒精度影响最小。综上,以明胶-皂土的最佳配比明胶2.0%、皂土9%效果最为理想,经过澄清处理后的甜橙果酒呈金黄色,澄清透明,酒体丰满,具有良好的品质。     

沙棘果酒澄清及非生物稳定性的研究

研究了明胶、皂土、PVPP、硅藻土和壳聚糖等五种常用清剂对沙棘果酒的澄清效果以及非生物稳定性的影响.结果表明,从澄清度来看,除硅藻土外,明胶、皂土、PVPP和壳聚糖等4种澄清剂的效果都比较理想,透光率均大于90%;从成本来看,处理1吨沙棘果酒的成本明胶最低,PVPP的最高,壳聚糖和皂土的成本介于两者之间;通过0.075 g/L明胶、1.0 g/L皂土、0.4 g/L PVPP和0.1 g/L壳聚糖处理沙棘果酒,除明胶处理果酒的蛋白质、酒石酸氢钾、铁、铜以及氧化稳定性试验结果均呈阳性外,皂土、PVPP和壳聚糖处理的酒的试验结果则均呈阴性,表明皂土、PVPP和壳聚糖在一定程度上都起到了增强沙棘果酒非生物稳定性的作用.综合考虑,可以选用1.0 g/L皂土或0.1 g/L壳聚糖澄清沙棘果酒,同时结合冷处理(-3℃～ -5℃,5d),会达到更佳的澄清和稳定效果.     

野酸枣果酒澄清工艺研究

以自制野酸枣果酒为原料,比较自然、离心、明胶、硅藻土、皂土及壳聚糖澄清等方法对酸枣酒澄清效果的影响。结果表明,自然澄清和离心澄清的效果不明显;采用单一澄清剂对酸枣酒澄清时,壳聚糖的澄清效果最佳,明胶、皂土次之,硅藻土效果不佳;综合考虑澄清方法对酸枣酒质量的影响,选择壳聚糖作为酸枣酒的澄清剂,适宜用量为0.09g/100mL,澄清后酸枣酒的透光率可达96.8%,且酒体营养物质变化小,感官评价高。     

柿子酒澄清方法的研究

用明胶、皂土、壳聚糖对柿子酒进行澄清处理,结果表明:明胶、壳聚糖的澄清效果优于皂土,其中明胶的澄清效果最佳,澄清后蛋白质、单宁含量有一定量的减少。明胶-壳聚糖联用效果优于单一的澄清剂,澄清后,酒体清亮透明,风味、色泽独特,稳定性强。     

响应面法优化复合澄清剂对蓝莓果酒的澄清效果

利用壳聚糖、皂土、明胶和硅藻土4种澄清剂对蓝莓果酒进行澄清处理,将澄清效果较佳的壳聚糖与皂土以不同比例混合,对蓝莓果酒进行澄清处理。为优化壳聚糖-皂土复合澄清剂澄清的最佳工艺参数,在单因素试验基础上,选取复合澄清剂配比、水浴温度、水浴时间为自变量,以蓝莓果酒透光率为响应值,采用BoxBehnken中心组合试验和响应面分析法,研究自变量交互作用对蓝莓果酒澄清效果的影响,结果表明:复合澄清剂澄清蓝莓果酒的最佳工艺参数是:复合澄清剂比例2∶1、水浴温度50℃、水浴时间50 min,在此条件下蓝莓果酒的透光率为90.02%,与未经澄清相比提高了37.80%。此澄清条件对蓝莓果酒的理化成分无明显影响且稳定性有较大提高,酒体澄清透明,酸甜适口,风味浓郁。     

不同澄清剂对酥李果酒澄清效果的影响

采用6种澄清剂[壳聚糖、皂土、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(polyvinylpyrrolidone,PVPP)、明胶、硅藻土和果胶酶]对酥李果酒进行澄清处理,通过分析澄清后酥李果酒的澄清度、总糖、总酸、酒精度、澄清速率、稳定性和感官表现,探索酥李果酒的澄清方法,为酥李果酒开发提供理论基础。结果表明:不同用量澄清剂对酥李果酒的澄清效果不同,其中壳聚糖和果胶酶澄清效果总体较好。不同澄清剂的最适用量及最佳澄清效果不同,以0.45 g/L壳聚糖澄清效果最佳。最适用量的不同澄清剂澄清后酒液的感官品质均有显著提高(P0.05),以0.6 g/L PVPP和0.9 g/L皂土澄清最佳,均以0.45 g/L壳聚糖和0.6 g/L PVPP澄清速率和稳定性最佳。综合分析认为酥李果酒的最适澄清剂为0.45 g/L壳聚糖,其次为0.6 g/L PVPP和0.9 g/L皂土。     

壳聚糖、皂土澄清剂对发酵酒澄清作用的研究

对壳聚糖、皂土对刺梨发酵酒的澄清作用进行了研究，结果表明：壳聚糖、皂土澄清效果优于明胶、果胶酶，其中壳聚糖澄清效果最佳，产品风味、品质好。实验还发现，壳聚糖、皂土联用，效果优于单一澄清剂，澄清后酒体清亮透明、风味好、具有良好的贮藏稳定性。     

基于响应面分析不同澄清剂对沙枣果酒澄清效果的影响

为增强沙枣果酒的澄清效果及其稳定性,实验以蛋清、明胶、壳聚糖、皂土四种澄清剂单一或复合使用的方法对沙枣果酒进行澄清处理,测定沙枣果酒澄清处理前后的酒精度、透光率、总糖、总酸等指标。实验结果表明：以复合澄清剂澄清效果最佳,即明胶溶液用量0.32 g/L、壳聚糖溶液用量0.85 g/L、皂土溶液用量0.61 g/L,经澄清处理后,果酒的整体理化指标变化较小,酒精度为14.1%vol,总糖2.3 g/L,总酸2.0 g/L,透光率95.6%。     

樱桃低醇酒澄清工艺研究

选用皂土、蛋清粉、壳聚糖、硅藻土、明胶5种澄清剂对斯巴克为原料的樱桃低醇酒进行单因素试验和复合澄清配方优化的正交试验,以透光率为评价指标,结合樱桃低醇酒的理化指标测定及感官评价,得到最佳的复合澄清剂配比。单因素试验结果表明,明胶、皂土、壳聚糖的澄清效果较好,最大透光率分别达到90.3%、85.0%、82.9%。正交试验结果表明,复合澄清剂的最佳添加量为：明胶1.6 g/L,皂土1.2 g/L,壳聚糖1.0 g/L,处理后的低醇酒透光率能达到95.8%,复合澄清剂对其感官品质及主要成分无明显影响。樱桃低醇酒酒体色泽亮丽,果香怡人,有樱桃酒典型的香味和风味。     

草莓发酵酒澄清稳定处理技术

通过澄清剂筛选和冷稳定处理,以澄清度和色度为指标,研究了草莓发酵酒的澄清稳定处理方法。结果显示:酪蛋白质和壳聚糖可使草莓酒达到较高澄清度,但对酒体色度影响较大;皂土可使草莓酒达到一定澄清度,且对酒体色度影响小。使用壳聚糖或皂土对草莓酒进行下胶,并经冷冻处理,可使草莓酒长期保持较高澄清度;和壳聚糖相比皂土对酒体色度影响小,使用600 mg/L的皂土下胶并进行冷冻处理,可作为草莓发酵酒的最佳澄清稳定处理方案。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press