The settling of critical levels of soluble salts for painting

The presence of hydrosoluble species, mainly chlorides and sulphates, at the metal/paint interface promotes osmotic blistering of the coating and underfilm metallic corrosion when the concentration of the soluble salts exceeds a critical level. Both processes can lead to the deterioration of the paint system in a very short period of time. The International Standards Organization (ISO) has for some time been trying to develop a standard about guidance safe levels for water-soluble salt contamination before the application of paints and related products. However, it is difficult to set acceptable unique levels since each type of coating and thickness varies in susceptibility to soluble salt degradation and also the exposure conditions vary. In this study, by a variety of accelerated and natural weathering trials, realistic series of limits of soluble salt have been provided depending on the coating systems and exposure conditions. The results show that the generalised levels suggested in the draft version of the ISO standard are far too low compared with the critical levels obtained here. It is suggested that higher levels could be defined, which would save costs and time.     

Evaluation of heat release rate equations used in standard test methods

A thorough review was recently conducted to verify the correctness of equations being used to calculate heat release rate in standard test methods. The review incorporated 17 different standard test methods from American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Uniform Building Code (UBC), California Technical Bulletin (CA TB), International Standards Organization (ISO), and British Standards (BS). The standard test methods reviewed were ASTM D5424, ASTM D5537, ASTM E1354, ASTM E1537, ASTM E1590, ASTM E1623, ASTM E1822, NFPA 264, NFPA 265, NFPA 266, NFPA 267, CA TB 129, CA TB 133, UBC 8-2, UBC 26-8, ISO 5660, BS 476. Through this review, incorrect equations were found in 12 of the 17 standards with a total of 22 incorrect equations overall. The following paper provides the correct heat release rate equations and a summary of the review. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simultaneous determination of oil and water contents in different oilseeds by pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance

Routine analysis of oil and water contents in different oilseeds with the Bruker Minispec pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyzer (Bruker Analytische Mestechnik, Rheinstetten, Germany) is rapid (16 s measurements), precise, accurate and nondestructive. In 1991, subcommittee SC2 (oil seeds) of the Technical Committee Number 34 [organized by the International Standards Organization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland] organized an international collaborative study for pulsed NMR analysis of oil content in whole rapessed. An additional study was performed in 1993 to extend the method to sunflower, linseed and soy seeds. The Draft International Standard ISO DIS/10565 (Draft International Standards, International Standards Organization, Geneva, 1993) describes the procedure of the pulsed NMR method for determination of oil content in rapeseed and presents the interlaboratory comparison results based on the calculations described in the Normative ISO 5725 (Draft International Standards, International Standards Organization, Geneva, 1993). The standard was approved in 1992 and will be published in 1993. The interlaboratory collaborative studies showed that the analyses of oil and moisture by pulsed NMR were either comparable or more repeatable than measurements done by the traditional methods. No statistical differences between determinations by the traditional and pulsed NMR methods were found. Simultaneous determination of percent moisture and percent oil content in whole seeds is possible with pulsed NMR by the spin-echo method. In addition, multiple components of the oil can be detected and quantitated by T2 analysis from the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence. The instrument is easy to calibrate with whole oilseeds, and the calibration can be checked periodically with the same seeds because the measurement is nondestructive. Pulsed NMR provides a rapid alternative to the long, laborious, traditional methods of analysis and offers substantial long-term savings of both time and money. Minimal operator training is required once the technique has been established for routine use. Presented at the 84th AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo, April 27, 1993, Anaheim, California.     

Specular gloss scales comparison between the national institute of standards and technology and the national research council of canada

The gloss value of a test sample is determined relative to a standard, generally a polished piece of black glass. Therefore, gloss is a dimensionless quantity whose accurate determination requires standardized experimental conditions such as spectral distribution of the incident beam of light, incident and viewing angles, and a gloss standard. To help manufacturers monitor and assess specular gloss, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Physics Laboratory provides a special test service to calibrate gloss reference standards. This facility is built around a newly rebuilt reference goniophotometer—an instrument that measures flux as a function of angles of illumination or observation—and a newly developed primary gloss standard—three wedges of highly polished, high-quality optical glass. The system has an overall (k=2) uncertainty of 0.4%. The new service offers calibration measurements of industry working gloss standards at the specular geometries of 20°, 60°, and 85°, in compliance with the International Standards Organization (ISO) 2813 and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 523 documentary standards. This article describes a bilateral comparison of specular gloss scales between NIST and the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) that has been performed. The results of this comparison show agreement within the combined uncertainties for the measurement of specular gloss of highly polished black glass. 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8441. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A0R6.     

Revision of the standard for the method of determining the gas permeability of refractory articles

A comparative analysis of the procedure of determination of the coefficient of gas permeability by the GOST 11573-65 and the ISO 8841-91 (E) standards is conducted. As result of a revision of GOST 11573-65 the draft interstate CIS standard has been supplemented by ISO 8841-91 (E) with additional requirements which reflect the special features of refractory tests in Russia. The interstate standard preserves the basic concepts of GOST 11573-65 but envisages a simpler basic formula for calculating the coefficient of gas permeability and a greater number of standard sizes of specimens and articles for the tests.     

表面活性剂检测方法ISO标准与国内标准的比较和讨论

国际标准化组织负责目前绝大部分领域的标准化活动,我国也积极将ISO标准进行转化。由于国情和部分历史原因,尚有少部分ISO标准尚未转化。针对这一情况进行分析和讨论,介绍了我国对ISO标准的转化情况,针对其中部分标准的转化问题进行详细分析并总结了相关原因。     

ISO9001质量管理体系在质检工作中的应用

ISO9001质量管理体系是指国际标准组织颁布的国际通用标准,是各国质量管理体系制定的参考规范。就当前我国质量管理发展现状来看,ISO9001质量管理体系在质检工作中的应用至关重要。根据自身相关工作经验,并结合广泛的社会实践调查研究,就ISO9001质量管理体系在质检工作的应用展开了相关研究,望能提供借鉴。     

塑料国际标准工作介绍

简述了国际标准制订的相关程序、国际标准化组织塑料技术委员会的组织机构及如何参与国际标准化工作.     

An Evaluation of the AATCC Light–fastness Reference Fabric

The purple reference fabric (LRF-1) proposed by the AA TCC for the calibration of fading lamps together with the ISO Blue Wool Light–fastness Standards 1–5 and the AA TCC Blue Wool Light–fastness Standards L2–L5 were exposed in the Xenotest 150 under different effective humidity conditions, as well as in daylight. It is concluded that, for use in calibrating fading lamps, the LRF–1 fabric shows no advantages over the Blue Wool Standards. On the contrary, its very high heat–sensitivity is a serious defect. As a light–fastness standard it is use/ess, in view of its low fastness to light.     

Die Codex Alimentarius Standards für Fette und Öle I

Codex Alimentarius Standards for Fats and Oils I A short introduction on the principles of Codex Alimentarius is given, which is being developed jointly by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) under participation of 75 member states. In the meanwhile Recommended Standards for fats and oils have been laid down. They will be forwarded to governments for acceptance or rejection. Development of these standards is reported here and the most significant regulations are discussed. Some important Recommended Standards are presented in appendix in their English version.     

Overall Performance Evaluation of Aerosol Number Samplers

At present, there is neither an officially accepted size-selective fiber (aerosol number) sampler, nor are there established performance criteria. In this work, a prototype preclassifier (multihole impactor) was used to connect a conventional asbestos sampler so that the aerosol penetration test and particle counting process could be performed. The bias, as a function of particle size, was defined as the difference between the measured penetration curve and the target ISO/ACGIH/CEN respirable convention. The imprecision was the standard error with reference to the mean aerosol penetration curve. A statistical term, one standard error shift (OSES) was used in a previous study to combine the sampling bias and imprecision. The bias and imprecision could be for aerosol number, aerosol mass, or even surface area. In this work, an additional step was taken by introducing another statistical term, maximum sampling shift (MSS), to further combine the OSES with the counting imprecision. For the surrogate sampler tested, the particle counting imprecision increased with increasing particle diameter and decreased with increasing geometric standard deviation. The particle counting imprecision was comparable with the OSES, and the resultant MSS map was actually the summation of imprecision and OSES.     

煤炭联合自动制样设备的研究

介绍了煤炭联合自动制样设备的研究过程。样机经测试和使用，达到了ＩＳＯ／Ｎ６６－１９８５和ＧＢ４７４－１９８３的要求，填补了国内空白，使煤炭分析样品的制备完全实现了自动化，而且降低了制样工作的劳动强度，改善了工作环境，提高了制成分析样品的可信度     

An automated multi‐unit composting facility for biodegradability evaluations

A system has been developed for studying the biodegradation of natural and synthetic polymeric material. The system is based on standard methods developed by the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN TC 261) (ISO/DIS 14855) and the American Society of Testing Materials, ‘ASTM Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegradation of Plastic Materials under Controlled Composting Conditions’ (ASTM D 5338‐92). A new low‐cost compost facility has been used which satisfies the requirements of these standards. The system has been automated for data collection and has been run under the conditions specified by the standards. In the system, cellulose, newspaper and two starch‐based polymers were treated with compost in a series of 3 dm³ vessels at 52 °C and under conditions of optimum moisture and pH. The degradation was followed over time by measuring the amount of carbon released as carbon dioxide. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

船舶涂料新标准的解读

世界性的能源危机和气候的异常使得人们对保护海洋环境和节能减排的关注与日俱增,国际海事组织和国际标准化组织等相继颁布和实施一些新的船舶涂料标准。从几个新标准,包括IMO的油船货油舱保护涂料和防腐标准、ISO的《船舶与海上技术——保护涂层》系列标准和GB/T 682《2船体防污防锈漆体系》的主要内容和应用对策进行讨论。     

Short Communication: Aircraft interior panels tested according to the maritime high-speed craft code

The fire standard for aircraft interior panels has been compared to the corresponding marine standard with respect to smoke emission and heat release rate. This has been performed by testing an aircraft panel approved by the Federal Aviation Administration according to one of the International Maritime Organization standards for High-Speed Craft, according to the full-scale room fire test, ISO 9705. The test showed that even if the panel met the strict requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration it did not fulfil the apparently even stricter requirements of the International Maritime Organization. The panel failed on several accounts, including smoke production, heat release and structural integrity. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Manikin test for flame engulfment evaluation of protective clothing: Historical review and development of a new ISO standard

The overall performance of a firefighter turnout suit can only be evaluated using both bench‐scale tests and an assessment based on an instrumented manikin under defined, close to real‐life conditions in a laboratory. Using manikins in rating protective clothing has already a long history which will be reflected in this paper. Efforts all over the world to reproduce a flame engulfment situation in a laboratory are currently being combined in a new draft international standard (ISO/DIS 13506.3). A round robin test showed an acceptable reproducibility for this method based on a manikin test and a gas burner system. An overview of existing measurement systems and the results of this round robin are discussed and possible improvements for the standard flame engulfment test method are proposed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

彩色电影负片感光特性曲线的Logistic模型

应用Logistic模型对彩色电影负片的D lgH感光特性曲线进行拟合 ,并计算相关的照相性能参数。统计分析结果表明 ,其分层曲线的拟合优度分别为σDR=0 0 2 4 7,σDG=0 0 0 80 ,σDB=0 0 2 5 9。相关的照相性能参数的计算精度 ,亦达到了国际标准化组织 (ISO)所要求的标准。     

塑料性能数据库的现状与发展

介绍了CAMPUS（Computer Aided Material Preselection by Uniform Standards)数据库和相关国际标准的内容,总结了我国塑料性能数据库的开发工作。通过对统一标准塑料性能数据库的历史、现状和发展趋势进行分析,指出了建设统一标准塑料性能数据库的必要性与迫切性。     

燃气用聚乙烯管道系统产品的国内外标准研究

介绍了燃气用聚乙烯(PE)管道系统产品的国内外标准现状,对聚乙烯（PE）管材和管件的国内外标准要求进行了对比。通过对比分析,获悉不同的国外标准各有其优势特点。国际标准（ISO）与欧洲标准（EN）的内容基本一致,项目要求较为全面。美国试验与材料协会标准（ASTM）的试验方法具有新颖性。澳大利亚/新西兰标准（AS/NZS）对产品的要求较为详尽具体。     

胶粘剂工业与ISO14000系列标准

介绍了ISO14 0 0 0系列环境管理标准及其在胶粘剂工业实施的重要性 ,希望得到整个胶粘剂行业的重视