阳离子水性聚氨酯的合成研究

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）与聚酯二醇、亲水扩链剂和其它多元醇反应合成阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液，讨论了扩链剂的种类、加料方式、添加量及中和度等对聚酯乳液及其涂膜性能的影响。研究发现，采用N－甲基二乙醇胺为亲水扩链剂，用饥饿加料的方式，在中和度等对聚氨酯及共涂膜性能的影响。研究发现，采用N－甲基二乙醇胺为亲水扩链剂，用饥饿加料的方式，在中和度为90％－100％时合成的阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液具有良好的贮存稳定性，涂膜具有较好的机械性能和耐水性。     

水性聚氨酯胶膜的耐水性能研究

采用预聚体法,以聚酯多元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)制备了聚酯型水性聚氨酯乳液,考察了亲水扩链剂DMPA用量、NCO/OH值、中和剂的种类、中和度、扩链剂乙二胺用量对乳液涂膜耐水性的影响,制备了耐水性较好的水性聚氨酯乳液。     

聚酯型阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液的合成研究

采用聚酯二醇(JW2503),甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI),N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)为基本原料,用丙酮法合成了聚酯型阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液。讨论了NCO／OH比值、MDEA的加入方式及其用量、反应温度等因素对乳液性能的影响。实验结果表明,当NCO／OH比值为2.7,MDEA的用量占树脂的6％-7％,且采用饥饿加料的方式滴加MDEA,初聚体合成温度为65℃,引入亲水扩链基团的扩链反应温度为40℃,中和度为90％-100％时合成的聚酯型阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液具有较好的贮存稳定性,且涂膜的耐水性和机械性能良好。     

聚酯型阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液的合成研究

采用聚酯二醇(JW2503),甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI),N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)为基本原料,用丙酮法合成了聚酯型阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液。讨论了NCO／OH比值、MDEA的加入方式及其用量、反应温度等因素对乳液性能的影响。实验结果表明,当NCO／0H比值为2．7,MDEA的用量占树脂的6％～7％,且采用饥饿加料的方式滴加MDEA,初聚体合成温度为60～65℃,引入亲水扩链基团的扩链反应温度为40℃,中和度为90％～100％时合成的聚酯型阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液具有较好的贮存稳定性,且涂膜的耐水性和机械性能良好。     

聚酯型阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液的合成研究

采用聚酯二醇(JW2503)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)为基本原料，用丙酮法合成了聚酯型阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液。讨论了NC0／OH量比、MDEA的加入方式及其用量、反应温度等因素对乳液性能的影响。实验结果表明，当合成条件为：NCO／OH量比为2．7，MDEA的用量占树脂的6％-7％，且采用饥饿加料的方式滴加MDEA，初聚体合成温度为60—65℃，引入亲水扩链基团的扩链反应温度为40℃，中和度90％-100％时，合成的聚酯型阳离子水性聚氨酯乳液具有较好的贮存稳定性，且涂膜的耐水性和机械性能良好。     

端乙烯基水性聚氨酯乳液的合成研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚丙二醇(N-210)为主要原料,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水扩链剂,l,4-丁二醇(BDO)为小分子扩链剂,甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)为封端剂,三乙胺(TEA)为中和剂合成了端乙烯基水性聚氨酯乳液.讨论了DMPA用量、中和度和R值对乳液的影响,得出了制备端乙烯基水性聚氨酯乳液的最佳配方.     

聚醇型阴离子水性聚氨酯胶黏剂的制备与表征

随着人们的环保意识的增强,水性胶黏剂的开发成为胶黏剂研究的主流.以聚乙二醇(400),TDI,DMPA为原料,用丙酮法合成了稳定的聚醇型阴离子水性聚氨酯乳液.讨论了NCO/OH的摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、亲水扩链剂、中和剂及中和度等因素对水性聚氨酯乳液性能的影响.并用丙烯酸酯单体进行改性,对水性聚氨酯胶黏剂性能进行检测.结果表明,合成的水性聚氨酯乳液具有较好的贮存稳定性、耐水性和机械性能,产品符合ISO14000系列标准.     

热红外隐身涂料用水性聚氨酯的制备研究

以聚碳酸酯二元醇(PCDL)为软段,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为硬段,二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为亲水扩链剂,三乙胺为成盐剂,乙二胺为二次扩链剂,采用自乳化法合成了聚碳酸酯基低红外发射率水性聚氨酯。采用红外光谱仪(FI-IR)、红外发射率测试仪等对聚氨酯的结构和红外性能进行了表征。研究了PCDL/IPDI比例、亲水扩链剂、中和剂和二次扩链剂对合成水性聚氨酯胶膜红外发射率的影响。结果表明:PCDL/IPDI质量比为2.5∶1,DMPA的量为单体总量的6%,中和度为100%,控制二次扩链剂乙二胺的加入量使得—NH3与—NCO的物质的量比为1.5∶1时,所合成的乳液粘合剂在8～14μm波段红外基本透明,红外发射率可低至0.825,涂膜物理综合性能良好,可以应用于隐身涂层。     

水性聚氨酯涂料合成及其性能研究

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚醚多元醇为主要原料合成水性聚氨酯乳液。其中,采用二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）为亲水扩链剂,制备了一系列的阴离子水性聚氨酯（CWPU）乳液,。同时还研究了CWPU乳液制备过程中的影响因素和CWPU乳液涂膜的接触角和结合强度。研究表明,当DM—PA的质量分数为7．0％～8．0％,中和度为70％～80％时,得到CWPU乳液具有较好的流动性能。随着DMPA含量增加,CWPU乳液涂膜耐水性先增加后减小;随着中和度的提高,粘度和结合强度均有显著地提高,其中最大结合强度在418N。     

水性聚氨酯乳液的粒径影响研究

采用预聚体法,以聚酯多元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)制备了聚酯型水性聚氨酯乳液。考察了NCO/OH比、亲水扩链剂DMPA用量、中和度、乙二胺用量对水性聚氨酯乳液粒径的影响。结果表明,随着NCO/OH比的增大,乳液粒径增大;随着DMPA用量和中和度的增加,乳液的粒径减小;随着乙二胺用量的增大,乳液的粒径先减小后增大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。