多嵌段共聚物增容的遇水膨胀橡胶研究

以天然橡胶和吸水树脂（聚丙烯酸钠）为主要原料，以含聚氧化乙烯嵌段的亲水亲油型多嵌段共聚物为增容剂，以活性陶土为补强剂，利用多组分机械共混技术，制备了遇水膨胀橡胶；从吸水动力学数据出发，研究了重量吸水率与增容剂含量、吸水树脂含量之间的关系；对遇水膨胀橡胶吸水前后的力学性能进行了测试。结果表明，增容剂的加入能显著改变遇水膨胀橡胶的吸水性能和力学性能。     

共混型吸水膨胀橡胶的研究

吸水膨胀橡胶(WSR)是一种具有优良吸水性和弹性的特种橡胶,在密封防水等方面有着广泛的应用前景。本文主要研究不同吸水树脂、增容剂与增容剂/吸水树脂比例对NR基共混型吸水膨胀橡胶性能的影响,并进一步考查吸水剂含量对WSR性能的影响。通过正交实验,得出了制备吸水膨胀橡胶的最佳组合;实验表明随吸水剂含量增加,WSR的吸水率增大,力学性能变差。     

吸水树脂粒径对遇水膨胀橡胶性能的影响

以丁腈橡胶（NBR）和不同粒径的丙烯酸系吸水树脂为主体材料,采用物理共混法制备了遇水膨胀橡胶,并对其力学性能和吸水性能进行了研究。结果表明,吸水树脂的粒径直接影响遇水膨胀橡胶的力学性能和吸水性能。在实验范围内,含吸水树脂B（100目）的遇水膨胀橡胶,综合性能达到最佳值,拉伸强度为8.536MPa,拉断伸长率为749.95%,邵尔A硬度为77度,常温自来水中质量膨胀率为404.82%。扫描电镜分析发现,吸水树脂B与NBR共混体系的相容性最好。     

遇水膨胀橡胶

遇水膨胀橡胶是利用橡胶吸水后体积膨胀的特性，达到止水、堵水和防水等功能，因此，它被广泛用于隧道、涵洞、地铁等工程或地面混凝土预制板缝隙等处。其作用原理是在橡胶中添加吸水树脂后，使富有高弹性的橡胶分子链遇水后扩张，其体积可膨胀到原来的数倍到数十倍，起到止水、防漏的功用。     

遇水膨胀橡胶的研究

考察了用物理共混法制备遇水膨胀橡胶时吸水树脂和生胶等对遇水膨胀橡胶吸水性能和物理性能的影响。结果表明,遇水膨胀橡胶的吸水膨胀率与吸水树脂的种类(物性)相关性大而与其用量(达到一定值后)相关性小;吸水树脂的用量增大,遇水膨胀橡胶的物理性能降低;加入表面处理剂可以改善遇水膨胀橡胶的物理性能;遇水膨胀橡胶的生胶应选用NR,而不宜选用SBR和NBR。     

遇水膨胀橡胶的研究

考察了用物理共混法制备遇水膨胀橡胶时吸水树脂和生胶等对遇水膨胀橡胶吸水性能和物理性能的影响。结果表明,遇水膨胀橡胶的吸水膨胀率与吸水树脂的种类（物性）相关性大而与其用量（达到一定值后）相关性小;吸水树脂的用量增大,遇水膨胀橡胶的物理性能降低;加入表面处理剂可以改善遇水膨胀橡胶的物理性能;遇水膨胀橡胶的生胶应选用ＮＲ,而不宜选用ＳＢＲ和ＮＢＲ     

遇水膨胀橡胶的研究

本文简要介绍膨胀橡胶的胶料配方、生产工艺,并把胶料的物理性能指标同国内外胶料的物理性能指标进行了比较。     

吸水膨胀橡胶研究进展

介绍了吸水膨胀橡胶的特点、性能及分类,重点讨论了在制备工艺、各类吸水树脂、橡胶基质、增容剂及吸水膨胀橡胶中水状态等方面的研究进展及应用状况,展望了其未来发展方向。     

吸水膨胀性橡胶的研究开发进展

简要介绍了吸水膨胀橡胶的特点、性能及应用,对制备吸水膨胀橡胶的主要组分橡胶基体和亲水性聚合物的选用作了讨论,综述了吸水膨胀橡胶制备工艺及其相容剂的使用的最新研究进展,并对其存在的问题和今后可能的发展前景进行了探讨。     

防水用吸水膨胀橡胶的研制

采用物理共混法制取天然橡胶/交联聚丙烯酸钠共混物吸水膨胀性橡胶（WSR）,考察了该共混体系的硫化特性及增容剂,吸水树脂用量,硫磺用量等对WSR吸水性能的影响。结果表明该体系的硫化速度比普通橡胶快,加入增容剂可大大提高WSR的吸水速度及最大吸水率,且能显著改善试样的外观质量,当天然橡胶/聚丙烯酸钠质量比为100/100时,增容体系吸水率最高达到1832%（即原质量的18倍左右）,明显高于未增容体系,后者最高吸水率为1431%。     

共混型吸水膨胀橡胶增容剂的研究进展

在共混型吸水膨胀橡胶（WSR）中添加适当的增容剂,可以提高WSR中弹性体与亲水性组分的微观相容性,进而提高WSR吸水膨胀性能、力学性能及耐用性等应用性能。本文介绍了共混型吸水膨胀橡胶增容剂的国内外研究现状。     

有机介质中聚丙烯酸钠/SBR共混型WSR的溶胀性能

研究了兼具双亲性和膨胀性吸水膨胀橡胶对有机溶剂的吸收性能，测定了该吸水膨胀橡胶中有机相的溶解度参数，研究了吸水树脂等无机相对吸水膨胀橡胶在有机溶剂中最大溶胀度的影响。     

CPE／P（AA-HEMA）吸水膨胀弹性体共混体系的性能研究

采用机械共混将氯化聚乙烯（CPE）、增容剂CPE接枝甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙（CPE—g—HE—MA）与自制的吸水树脂甲基丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸-口-羟乙酯共聚N[-P（AA—HEMA）]共混合成了CPE／P（AA—HEMA）／（CPE—g—HEMA）吸水膨胀弹性体。讨论比较了未添加和添加增容剂CPE—g—HEMA2种共混体系的吸水性能（吸水率、吸盐水率和质量损失率）。     

水解腈纶废丝制备吸水性树脂

腈纶废丝在碱性条件下水解后,水解产物与甲醛和AlCl3进行交联反应可制得高吸水性树脂,对水解反应条件和水解物的结构进行了分析,由正交实验考察了交联反应条件对产物吸水性能的影响,研究了吸水树脂对不同水质的吸水率和吸水速率。结果表明,交联剂用量和沉淀用乙醇的浓度对产物的吸水率有较大的影响,当甲醛和AlCl3用量分别为0.3 mL和1.2 mL,交联温度为80℃,产物用60%的乙醇沉淀并在50℃下烘干时,树脂对蒸馏水的吸水率近800 g/g,有较快的吸水速率。     

Preparation,water absorbent and mechanical properties of water swellable rubber

Abstract

Water swellable rubber was prepared by blending styrene butadiene rubber as a matrix, cross-linked poly sodium polyacrylate (PAANa) as a high absorbent water resin, copolymer styrene maleic anhydride as a compatibiliser and polyethylene glycol as an absorbent accelerant. The preparation process was described. The effects of various preparation conditions, such as amount of sulphur, ratio of silicon dioxide to nanocalcium carbonate, amount of PAANa and amount of compatibiliser, on its water absorbency and mechanical properties were investigated by orthogonal tests. The optimal reaction conditions were 2 portion (phr) sulphur, 28∶12 silicon dioxide/nanocalcium carbonate, 60 phr PAANa and 5 phr compatibiliser. Furthermore, the vulcanisation property of the rubber was measured.     

化学接枝法制备腻子型吸水膨胀橡胶研究

吸水膨胀橡胶是一种新型的功能高分子材料,过去多用机械共混的方法制备,但是这种方法存在着反复使用性能差的缺点,针对这个问题,本实验采用过硫酸铵/硫代硫酸钠氧化还原引发体系,有效地使丙烯酸钠单体与天然胶乳接枝共聚,制备出吸水倍率相当高的腻子型吸水膨胀天然橡胶。实验结果表明:反应温度、引发剂用量对吸水倍率和接枝率有明显的影响,单体用量对吸水倍率影响较大;反复吸水能力基本保持不变。     

魔芋接枝丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂的研究

以魔芋精粉(KF)和丙烯酰胺单体为主要原料,在引发剂作用下用水溶液聚合法接枝共聚制备高吸水性树脂,研究了多种因素对树脂吸水性能的影响。结果表明,KF与AM质量比等于1∶4,引发剂过硫酸铵的浓度为4×10-3mol/L,反应时间为2 h,反应温度为70℃,pH值为8,交联剂用量为0.04%(占KF与AM质量)时制得的树脂吸水性能最优。本实验条件下,树脂最大吸水量达到230 g/g。通过对接枝产物的红外光谱分析,证实了该接枝反应是有效的、可行的。     

In situ formed internal water channels improving water swelling and mechanical properties of water swellable rubber composites

In this study, electrospun nanofibers of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) were employed in conventional water‐swellable rubber (WSR) to design WSR composites with improved water swelling and mechanical properties. With the introduction of PVA nanofibers, considerable improvement in elasticity, strength, and water‐swelling behavior was observed. After immersion, PVA nanofibers dissolved within the composite to in situ form water channels to connect isolated super‐absorbent polymers (SAPs). Those water channels led to an increase in water uptake by the WSR composite. Furthermore, the secondary water‐swelling behaviors of the WSR composite showed a remarkable increase in swelling rate as well as in mechanical properties. The addition of SBS nanofibers had a marked impact on the mechanical properties of the WSR composite. Their roles became more pronounced after water immersion. The proposed enhancement mechanism is also discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44548.     

Swelling behavior of butyl and chloroprene rubber composites with poly(sodium acrylate) showing high water uptake

Water-swellable rubber (WSR) comprises super absorbent polymer (SAP) embedded in a rubber matrix and has been commonly used as sealants and caulks, in which high water uptake and sufficient mechanical strength are required. In this work, we investigated the swelling behavior and mechanical properties of rubber composites comprising SAP powders. A reinforcement effect is caused by the SAP particles, which are described using a modified Guth–Gold equation up to the semi-dilute region. The complex modulus shows upper deviation at high SAP content owing to network formation between SAP particles. The swelling force of the WSR is explained by the amount of SAP particles in the surface layer of the matrix up to the semi-dilute region. The formation of the SAP network leads to an appreciable increase in the swelling force of WSR, as SAP particles embedded in the matrix also contribute to the swelling of WSR. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48535.     

耐电解质高吸水性树脂的合成及其吸液性研究

以(NH4)2S2O8为引发剂,采用玉米淀粉、丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺多元共聚,合成了耐电解质高吸水性树脂。最佳工艺条件为:引发剂用量(质量百分数)为0.6,单体与淀粉质量比为6∶1,丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸质量比为1∶2.5～1∶3.0,聚合温度50～55℃,反应时间为3h。分析了各种微肥如ZnSO4·7H2O、CuSO4·5H2O、MnSO4·H2O、FeSO4·7H2O、Na2B4O7·10H2O等对高吸水性树脂吸水率的影响,结果表明,多元共聚物提高了产品在实际使用环境中的耐电解质性。