CDADE: Conflict detector in activity diagram evolution based on speech act and ontology

Software system user requirements tend to change and evolve over time. The UML activity diagrams are a useful language for modeling system processes. Additionally, designers must often maintain activity diagrams incrementally. This paper presents the CDADE tool, which can help designers detect conflicts in activity diagram evolution. The CDADE tool is composed of ontologies, metadata, and conflict detection rules. Speech act theory is used to reveal evolutionary change in the activity diagrams. The CDADE prototype and a case study of electronic commerce are presented to demonstrate and validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the CDADE tool.     

基于UML的环境空间决策支持系统的分析与设计

统一建模语言(UML)是一种面向对象，定义明确的可视化系统建模语言，在地理信息系统工程的分析和设计中已逐渐被采用。以福建省海岸带环境调控空间决策支持系统为例，简述了系统建设背景和基本功能需求，研究了统一建模语言(UML)在空间决策支持系统分析和设计中的应用。重点提出了以系统需求用例图、活动图，类图和序列图为核心的UML辅助空间数据建模的基本原理和方法，并结合具体示例给出了基本操作流程过程和软件文档制品，最后给出了系统实现结果的典型用户界面。     

Automatic Generation of UML Class Diagrams for Object-oriented Design and Programing Course

UML Class diagram generation from textual requirements is an important task in object-oriented design and programing course. This study proposes a method for automatically generating class diagrams from Chinese textual requirements on the basis of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and mapping rules for sentence pattern matching. First, classes are identified through entity recognition rules and candidate class pruning rules using NLP from requirements. Second, class attributes and relationships between classes are extracted using mapping rules for sentence pattern matching on the basis of NLP. Third, we developed an assistant tool integrated into a precision micro classroom system for automatic generation of class diagram, to effectively assist the teaching of object-oriented design and programing course. Results are evaluated with precision, accuracy and recall from eight requirements of object-oriented design and programing course using truth values created by teachers. Our research should benefit beginners of object-oriented design and programing course, who may be students or software developers. It helps them to create correct domain models represented in the UML class diagram.     

基于UML的临床路径诊治系统的分析建模

临床路径诊治系统不同于一般的管理信息系统,在系统的实时性、可靠性、规范性等方面要求更高,许多传统的分析及设计工具已难以满足新要求,而UML是一种易于表达、功能强大的面向对象标准建模语言,它将逐渐成为面向对象软件系统分析设计的必备工具。文章以RationalRose作为UML建模的工具,主要通过用例图、活动图和时序图对“心脑血管疾病的临床路径诊治系统”进行描述。由于系统采用了UML建模技术,从而使得软件结构更加合理,提高了软件开发的效率。     

基于UML活动图的用例识别

在面向对象的软件开发过程中,统一建模语言(unified modeling language, UML)的用例图用于捕获用户的需求.传统描述用例的方法一般是开发者根据自己的经验,从需求中人工获取用例.然而,如何自动生成准确的用例仍然是一个待解决的问题.本文提出了一种通过用UML活动图半自动生成用例的方法.首先通过引入形式化模型——统一结构来描述用例图与活动图,其次给出分解活动图的算法,然后根据分解活动图得到的依赖链生成对应的用例的事件流,从而得到用例模型,最后通过所开发的原型CASE工具进行案例的演示,验证了本文所提出的方法的可行性。     

SUMLOW: early design‐stage sketching of UML diagrams on an E‐whiteboard

Most visual diagramming tools provide point‐and‐click construction of computer‐drawn diagram elements using a conventional desktop computer and mouse. SUMLOW is a unified modelling language (UML) diagramming tool that uses an electronic whiteboard (E‐whiteboard) and sketching‐based user interface to support collaborative software design. SUMLOW allows designers to sketch UML constructs, mixing different UML diagram elements, diagram annotations, and hand‐drawn text. A key novelty of the tool is the preservation of hand‐drawn diagrams and support for manipulation of these sketches using pen‐based actions. Sketched diagrams can be automatically ‘formalized’ into computer‐recognized and ‐drawn UML diagrams and then exported to a third party CASE tool for further extension and use. We describe the motivation for SUMLOW, illustrate the use of the tool to sketch various UML diagram types, describe its key architecture abstractions and implementation approaches, and report on two evaluations of the toolset. We hope that our experiences will be useful for others developing sketching‐based design tools or those looking to leverage pen‐based interfaces in software applications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cognitive support,UML adherence,and XMI interchange in Argo/UML

Software design is a cognitively challenging task. Most software design tools provide support for editing, viewing, storing, and transforming designs, but lack support for the essential and difficult cognitive tasks facing designers. These cognitive tasks include decision-making, decision ordering, and task-specific design understanding.This paper describes Argo/UML, an object-oriented design tool using the unified modeling language (UML) design notation. Argo/UML supports several identified cognitive needs of software designers. This support is provided in the form of design tool features. We describe each feature in the context of Argo/UML and provide enough detail to enable other tool builders to provide similar support in their own tools. We also discuss our implementation of the UML and XMI standards, and our development approach.     

安全苛求软件需求规格中的安全特性验证方法

针对自然语言描述的安全苛求软件需求规格中安全特性不准确、不一致等问题,提出一种基于UMLsec安全特性验证方法。该方法在UML需求模型类图和顺序图的基础上,为核心类的安全特性自定义构造型、标记和约束,完成UMLsec模型构建;之后,使用设计实现的UMLsec支持工具对安全特性进行自动验证。实验结果表明,该方法能准确描述安全苛求软件需求规格的安全特性,同时可以自动验证安全特性是否满足安全需求。     

DMS系统图形绘制软件架构模型的研究与设计

文章简单介绍了文中涉及的统一建模语言UML的概念,论述了配电自动化系统中图形绘制软件主要的功能需求和非功能需求,通过对这些需求的研究和分析,提出了一个基于模型-视图-控制设计模式、符合面向对象思想的图形绘制软件架构模型,详细分析了组成该模型的类,用UML的类图和时序图描述了模型的静态和动态架构,以开发原型系统的方式验证了该模型的合理性和可用性。     

基于UML的Web商务平台的开发方法

统一建模语言UML是一种面向对象的软件开发方法,它融合了软件工程领域的新思想、新方法和新技术。本文用UML设计了一个Web商务平台,并用支持UML的建模工具--RationalRose Enterprise Edition实现了该Web商务平台。本文给出了Web商务平台的需求分析-用例图,Web商务平台的详细设计--序列图、活动图和类图,以及Web商务平台的实现--
组件图和布局图。UML作为标准建模语言,支持从系统需求分析开始的软件开发全过程,它使系统各开发团队能够较容易地沟通,从而增强了整个系统开发过程的可控性,加快了
系统的开发速度,提高了软件质量。     

基于本体的UML类图语义推理

统一建模语言(UML)是一个半形式化的语言,其语义部分是采用自然语言描述的,使得它在建模过程中会产生语义不一致等问题。在详细比较UML类图与本体的基础上,提出了一种UML类图的形式化方法;首先将UML类图转换为相应的本体;然后根据本体提供的推理算法(Tableau)对转换得到的本体进行推理,检测其中的不一致性从而修改UML类图,最后达到精确UML类图。     

How are UML class diagrams built in practice? A usability study of two UML tools: Magicdraw and Papyrus

Software modeling is a key activity in software development, especially when following any kind of Model Driven Software Engineering (MDSE) process. In this context, standard modeling languages, like the Unified Modeling Language (UML), and tools for supporting the modeling activities become essential.The aim of this study is to analyze how modelers build UML models and how good modeling tools are in supporting this task. Our goal is to draw some useful lessons that help to improve the (UML) modeling process both by recommending changes on the tools themselves and on how UML is taught so that theory and practice of UML modeling are better aligned.Our study employs two research approaches. The main one is an empirical experiment (which analyzes screen recordings registered by undergraduate students during the construction of a UML class diagram). An analytical analysis complements the previous experiment. The study focuses on the most frequent type of UML diagram, the class diagram, and on two tools widely used by the modeling community: MagicDraw and Papyrus.     

Object-oriented programming paradigm for damage tolerant evaluation of engineering structural components

This paper proposes a new fracture mechanics based OOP tool for damage tolerant evaluation of cracked structural components including tubular joints subjected to constant and variable amplitude loading. To meet requirements of damage tolerant evaluation of structural components, interactive and user-friendly software, has been developed by using OOP concepts. Application of OOP concepts with class and sequence diagrams generated using unified modified language (UML) design tool has been explained with reference to the software. Graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed using VC++, which acts as a client at the front end, while the database developed using MS-ACCESS-XP acts as the server at the back-end. Database design for typical structural components with different crack configurations has been shown in the form of tables. The details of various program modules and structure of GUI have been outlined. Number of benchmark problems has been solved through GUI for verification and validation. The efficacy of the software has been illustrated through an example problem.     

Automatic extraction of OWL ontologies from UML class diagrams: a semantics-preserving approach

Full implementation of the Semantic Web requires widespread availability of OWL ontologies. Manual ontology development using current OWL editors remains a tedious and cumbersome task that requires significant understanding of the new ontology language and can easily result in a knowledge acquisition bottleneck. On the other hand, abundant domain knowledge has been specified by existing database schemata such as UML class diagrams. Thus developing an automatic tool for extracting OWL ontologies from existing UML class diagrams is helpful to Web ontology development. In this paper we propose an automatic, semantics-preserving approach for extracting OWL ontologies from existing UML class diagrams. This approach establishes a precise conceptual correspondence between UML and OWL through a semantics-preserving schema translation algorithm. The experiments with our implemented prototype tool, UML2OWL, show that the proposed approach is effective and a fully automatic ontology extraction is achievable. The proposed approach and tool will facilitate the development of Web ontologies and the realization of semantic interoperations between existing Web database applications and the Semantic Web.     

Terminological inconsistency analysis of natural language requirements

Context: Terminological inconsistencies owing to errors in usage of terms in requirements specifications could result into subtle yet critical problems in interpreting and applying these specifications into various phases of SDLC.Objective: In this paper, we consider special class of terminological inconsistencies arising from term-aliasing, wherein multiple terms spread across a corpus of natural language text requirements may be referring to the same entity. Identification of such alias entity-terms is a difficult problem for manual analysis as well as for developing tool support.Method: We consider the case of syntactic as well as semantic aliasing and propose a systematic approach for identifying these. Identification of syntactic aliasing involves automated generation of patterns for identifying syntactic variances of terms including abbreviations and introduced-aliases. Identification of semantic aliasing involves extracting multidimensional features (linguistic, statistical, and locational) from given requirement text to estimate semantic relatedness among terms. Based upon the estimated relatedness and standard language database based refinement, clusters of potential semantic aliases are generated. Results of these analyses with user refinement lead to generation of entity-term alias glossary and unification of term usage across requirements.Results: A prototype tool was developed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach for an automated analysis of term-aliasing in the requirements given as plain English language text. Experimental results suggest that approach is effective in identifying syntactic as well as semantic aliases, however, when aiming for higher recall on larger corpus, user selection is necessary to eliminate false positives.Conclusion: This proposed approach reduces the time-consuming and error-prone task of identifying multiple terms which might be referring to the same entity to a process of tool assisted identification of such term-aliases.     

基于UML实时系统的分析和设计

介绍了统一建模语言的最新版本UML2及应用UML2进行实时系统设计的作用及意义.探讨了UML2中用在实时系统设计中的概念.结合一个使用UML2为家庭安全系统设计的例子,着重分析了系统的静态结构和动态行为,通过类图、顺序图、状态图等UML图描述系统的方法从整体上对系统建模,说明实时系统分析与设计过程.使用UML分析和设计系统能够提高软件设计的效率和质量增强软件的维护性和复用性.     

基于UML的城市应急联动系统建模

为了加快城市应急联动系统(CERS)的开发和利用现有的开发经验,研究了城市应急联动系统的结构.组成和功能,并分析了开发的关键问题.再运用软件工程领域内成熟的统一建模语言(UML),设计了一个完整的城市应急联动系统模型,包括城市应急联动系统用例图,类图、时序图、状态图、组件图、部署图等.采用Rational Rose工具实现CERS设计模型,目的是为系统最终用户和系统开发者提供统一的描述模型,指导系统开发人员迅速、准确、全面获取需求,规范系统的开发过程,优化系统结构,提高系统的开发效率.     

Generating Natural Language specifications from UML class diagrams

Early phases of software development are known to be problematic, difficult to manage and errors occurring during these phases are expensive to correct. Many systems have been developed to aid the transition from informal Natural Language requirements to semi-structured or formal specifications. Furthermore, consistency checking is seen by many software engineers as the solution to reduce the number of errors occurring during the software development life cycle and allow early verification and validation of software systems. However, this is confined to the models developed during analysis and design and fails to include the early Natural Language requirements. This excludes proper user involvement and creates a gap between the original requirements and the updated and modified models and implementations of the system. To improve this process, we propose a system that generates Natural Language specifications from UML class diagrams. We first investigate the variation of the input language used in naming the components of a class diagram based on the study of a large number of examples from the literature and then develop rules for removing ambiguities in the subset of Natural Language used within UML. We use WordNet, a linguistic ontology, to disambiguate the lexical structures of the UML string names and generate semantically sound sentences. Our system is developed in Java and is tested on an independent though academic case study.     

基于UML类图模型的一致性检查方法

UML中的类图采用直观的图形化表示方法,有效描述了待建系统的静态特征,为系统设计人员发现系统模型中存在的不一致性和冗余等问题,提供了有效的分析工具。但是对于复杂的系统,完全依靠系统分析人员发现模型中存在的不一致性和冗余等问题是不现实的,应当为建模工具赋以模型自动一致性检查功能。SHOIQ(D)是描述逻辑家族中可判定的子集,它在保证推理可判定的同时,具备较强的描述知识能力。鉴于上述特点,通过从UML类图图元中抽取语义,用SHOIQ(D)形式化描述类图图元,借助自动推理引擎,从而使基于UML类图模型的自动一致性检查功能得到实现。根据该方法改进后的建模工具,可以自动发现基于UML类图模型中存在的不一致性和冗余等问题。