一种基于细节点局部描述子的指纹图像匹配方法

非线性形变现象在指纹图像中十分普遍,严重地制约了指纹识别系统的识别性能。为了克服指纹图像中的全局非线性形变,本文提出了指纹图像匹配"整体对齐,局部匹配;粗糙对齐,精确匹配"的原则。在此基础上,本文设计了一种细节点局部邻域描述子,利用该描述子对齐指纹图像,研究了基于该描述子的指纹图像相似度计算方法。基于FVC2000 DB2、FVC2002 DB1和FVC2004 DB2的一系列实验结果表明,本文提出的算法性能优于同类算法,能够有效抑制非线性形变对指纹图像匹配的影响。     

基于兴趣点的图像检索

在基于内容的图像检索中,往往使用颜色、纹理以及形状的全局特征来描述图像,然而全局特征不能描述图像的细节,丢失了图像的空间信息。文章利用兴趣点来灵活描述图像的局部信息,提取兴趣点周围的颜色矩作为局部特征,通过兴趣点的匹配和带权投票来进行相似度量,几何哈希技术的使用增强了兴趣点间的正确匹配。实验证明了这种方法的有效性,具有旋转、平移和部分的尺度不变性。     

一种基于多尺度轮廓点空间关系特征的形状匹配方法

针对使用三角形区域表示描述子对相似形状进行匹配时,对微小形变比较敏感 以及区分剧烈变化的不相似形状时判别能力较弱的问题, 提出一种结合轮廓点空间关系特征的多尺度形状特征描述子.通过分析不同尺度下参考点与其他采样点之间的位置关系, 利用对应角度信息来对形状进行表示, 并在此基础上构造出一种新的形状特征描述子.本文所提特征提取方法能对形状的局部及全局信息更准确地描述, 具有较好的鲁棒性和判别能力.在形状特征匹配阶段, 利用轮廓点集顺序关系已知这一优势, 引入动态规划及形状复杂度分析的方法,分析形状间的匹配结果, 能够得到较好的形状匹配精度.通过对不同形状数据集行仿真实验, 证明本文方法能够有效地实现形状识别和检索.     

一种新的形变指纹匹配方法

提出了一种基于细节点局部配准的形变指纹匹配方法。首先,结合细节点的纹理信息以及结构信息获取多个参照点;然后依据选取的多参照点实现模板指纹图像与输入指纹图像的全局配准从而获得指纹之间的公共区域;将公共区域内的细节点与它们最近的参照点聚类组合,形成多个分组,并将各分组内的细节点以对应的参照点为极点转化到极坐标系下建立指纹的局部对应性;最后,采用界限盒约束条件实现指纹匹配。实验结果表明,基于局部配准的指纹匹配方法对形变指纹匹配具有较好的鲁棒性,能较大提升指纹的识别性能。     

融合全局和局部描述的图像检索方法

针对基于内容的图像检索中全局描述缺乏空间位置信息及局部描述面临图像分割的问题,提出了一种基于全局颜色特征和局部Gabor小波纹理特征的图像检索方法.在整幅图上提取MPEG-7主颜色描述算子作为全局描述.将图像划分为5个有重叠的子区域,提取Gabor纹理特征与颜色矩构成局部描述,提出了改进的豪斯多夫距离并将其应用在局部描述的整体匹配中,克服了因图像的平移、旋转而造成检索率低的问题.融合全局相似度和局部相似度获得最终相似度.基于Corel数据库的实验结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

一种采用脊线特征的指纹模糊匹配方法

针对目前指纹识别系统主要采用手指上细节点的分布来表征和匹配指纹,提出了一种采用指纹脊线特征的匹配算法,以提高细节点数量较少情况下的匹配精度.在特征提取阶段,通过脊线采样,只存储脊线采样点集以降低存储量;在匹配时,对欲匹配的两指纹利用细节特征配准脊线集,在重合区域内对两指纹脊线统一进行编码,通过编码的比较确定相似脊线;以相似脊线的相同位置编码为论域,以相同位置编码的相似程度为隶属度,建立衡量脊线相似程度的模糊集,采用加权平均法对多个相似脊线模糊集进行综合评判得到两指纹脊线总体相似度.最后将脊线匹配相似度与细节点匹配相似度进行加权融合得到两指纹最终的相似度.在FVC2004指纹库上的实验表明该算法能够有效提高指纹匹配的准确性.     

具有细节保护的自适应邻域SAR图像分割

为了保护图像中边缘或其它细节信息,改善MRF的分割效果,提出自适应邻域方法.该方法利用Bayes推理实现将像素点周围的局部图像信息结合,此过程引入模糊隶属度作为像素相似度度量方法,提高置信度的可靠性和分割过程的自适应性,使得分割过程中的邻域选择可以不依赖于某些预知的先验知识.对于待选择的邻域系统,具有最高置信度且满足置信度阈值的邻域作为MRF类别标识分割过程适用的最小邻域.实验结果表明,与固定邻域MRF和隐Markov随机场相比,本文方法改善了图像分割效果,有效保护了图像中的细节信息.     

检验配准模式的指纹匹配算法

两幅指纹之间的"配准模式"是由所有局部最优配准决定的.由假匹配产生的配准模式与真匹配的配准模式是不同的,尽管假匹配的两幅指纹图像从细节点的角度来看有很高的相似度.提出一种用细节点、联系脊线和方向场特征信息确定配准模式并进行指纹匹配的算法.算法由两部分组成:离线学习部分从一组真匹配数据中获得一个真配准模式集;在线部分对待匹配的指纹作配准并确定其配准模式,仅当该模式构成一个真模式时,才做进一步的精细匹配.真配准模式集是由对NIST 24连续指纹影像数据集的计算获取的.在FVC2002 DB2 数据库上的测试显示,算法有很高的准确率.     

一种全局主色和局部主色相结合的图像检索方法

提出一种基于全局主色和局部主色相结合的图像检索方法。对图像进行扇形分割。提取各扇区的主色,对全局主色和局部主色同时进行相似度匹配。不仅利用图像的颜色特征,也考虑颜色特征的空间分布。对该方法的检索效果和性能进行详细分析。实验结果表明该方法反映图像颜色的空间分布及局部细节,具有更好的检索效果。     

一种改进的基于SIFT特征的商标检索方法

利用商标图像的形状特征,提出了一种融合图像全局特征和局部特征的商标检索算法。其中全局特征反映了图像的整体信息,这些信息可用来较快地建立候选图像库,而局部特征则可以更准确地与候选图像进行匹配。提取图像的傅里叶描述子进行初步检索,按相似度排序,在此结果集的基础上对候选图像通过提取SIFT特征进行精确匹配。实验结果表明,该方法既保持了SIFT特征的良好描述能力,又减少了精确匹配需要的计算次数,降低了复杂度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。