铁碳微电解预处理高盐腌制废水的运行方式研究

采用烧杯试验、铁碳微电解柱试验以及不同处理方式对比试验,考察了铁碳微电解技术对高盐腌制废水的预处理效能,并分析了铁碳微电解柱运行方式对处理效果的影响。结果表明,铁碳微电解法对高盐腌制废水的COD和PO3-4-P具有良好的去除效果,去除率分别为28%和100%,但对NH+4-N没有去除效果,且原水与铁碳填料的接触振荡时间为120 min即可。同时,铁碳微电解法显著提高了高盐腌制废水的可生化性,活性污泥对经过铁碳微电解处理后的废水COD比降解速率从0. 285 6 gCOD/(gVSS·h)提高到0. 430 7 gCOD/(gVSS·h)。铁碳微电解柱内水流紊动性是影响处理效果的关键因素,上向流连续运行模式下,铁碳填料几乎没有发挥作用,采用序批式运行设置微曝气能够提高水流紊动性,从而确保铁碳填料的预处理效果。经铁碳微电解预处理后,生物接触氧化单元对高盐腌制废水COD的去除率提高了13. 7%。     

酸析—曝气微电解预处理宣纸造纸废水试验研究

以安徽省泾县某宣纸厂檀皮清洗环节产生的黑液与抄浆工段白水组成的造纸废水作为处理对象,采用酸析—铁碳微电解进行预处理以削减污染负荷,提高废水的可生化性。研究结果表明,酸析、铁碳微电解两个过程均可有效去除废水中的COD和色度,酸析—微电解对宣纸造纸废水的COD、色度的总去除率分别为62.8%~73.1%和71.3%~89.1%,曝气微电解反应过程可有效提高出水的可生化性能,GC/MS检测表明铁碳微电解作用可破坏废水中某些有机物的结构,使其转化为小分子有机物,从而可改善出水的可生化性;微电解反应系统进水COD浓度小于3 000mg/L时,微电解系统出水对活性污泥脱氢酶活性不产生显著的抑制作用。     

微电解/混凝/臭氧氧化强化生物工艺处理制药废水

针对高浓度制药废水成分复杂、可生化性较差等特点,采用铁碳微电解/混凝/臭氧氧化工艺作为预处理工艺,再与生物处理工艺联用进行处理。介绍了各处理构筑物的设计参数及设备配置情况,并对实际运行效果进行了分析。结果表明,铁碳微电解/混凝/臭氧氧化预处理可去除50%以上的COD,有效降低了后续生物处理工艺的有机负荷。整个处理系统运行稳定,COD总去除率95%,出水水质满足当地污水处理厂的纳管要求。     

高铁酸盐处理制药废水的试验研究

将高铁酸钾用于制药废水的处理中,考察了其处理效果及影响因素,并与其他氧化剂进行比较。结果表明,当高铁酸钾直接处理制药废水时,对有机物的去除率可达30%左右,但此时其主要被易降解有机物所消耗,未充分发挥对难降解有机物的去除优势;当将高铁酸钾用于处理制药废水的生化处理出水时,对COD的去除率可达33%左右,且使BOD5浓度升高了30.9%、B/C值提高了104.2%,可生化性得到明显改善。另外,废水中氨氮的存在会降低高铁酸钾对COD的去除效果;高铁酸钾固体的处理效果优于高铁酸钠碱液及H2O2、高锰酸钾和次氯酸钠等常用氧化剂。     

铁碳微电解法处理油田钻井废水

以四川某油田经预处理后的钻井废水为研究对象，采用铁碳微电解方法处理废水，并对其COD去除效果进行研究。介绍了所用试剂、材料及采用的实验方法，考察了铁碳投加量、铁碳质量比、pH值、反应时间对COD去除效果的影响。结果表明：在铁碳投加量为0.8 kg/L、铁碳质量比为1∶1、pH值为3.2、反应时间为150 min的条件下，铁碳微电解方法对钻井废水COD的去除率达到70.25％，可有效降低后续深度处理的负荷，满足实验要求。     

铁碳微电解-UASB-A/O-混凝工艺处理制药废水

制药废水成分复杂,COD和有机氮浓度高,水质波动极大且含有难生物降解和有抑菌作用的抗生素等物质。针对其水质情况,预处理采用气浮沉淀一体池+铁碳微电解+混凝沉淀工艺,提高了废水的可生化性;主流程采用UASB-A/O生化组合工艺,其中UASB系统有机容积负荷高,耐冲击能力强,A/O系统脱氮效果好,运行成本低;深度处理采用混凝沉淀,确保COD和TP达标。最终出水水质满足后续园区污水厂的进水水质要求。     

催化铁内电解/生物膜法处理化工废水

化工废水因含有难降解和对生物有抑制性的物质而较难处理，为此以某工业区的化工废水为研究对象，考察了催化铁内电解／悬浮填料生物膜法的处理效果，并同现有工艺进行比较。结果表明，催化铁内电解可提高废水的可生化性，整个工艺对COD、BOD5、NH3-N、色度等的去除效果较现有工艺有明显改善。     

抗生素生产废水处理工程实例

某制药公司通过化学合成法生产抗生素原料药,其废水中有机物含量高且难生物降解,原有处理工艺出水水质无法满足排放标准。根据废水特性,对原有处理工艺进行改进,用铁碳微电解+芬顿+混凝沉淀组合工艺对高浓度废水进行预处理,再与综合废水混合后进入生化处理段。运行结果表明,该处理系统对抗生素废水降解性能良好,预处理段COD去除率达到50.23%,生化段COD去除率达到94.2%,NH₃-N平均去除率为79%以上,出水水质符合园区污水厂纳管标准。     

制药厂综合废水处理工程的改造

对原有制药综合废水处理工艺进行适当调整和改造,注重清污分流和提高废水的可生化性,改善了对SS的去除效果,提高了系统运行稳定性。在正常的进水水质、水量情况下,出水COD〈300mg／L,达到了制药行业的废水排放标准。     

医药化工高盐废水的处理技术应用研究

在医药化工生产过程中,有大量的酸碱使用,最终绝大部分都转化为无机盐排到废水中,同时由于医药化工生产过程中,又有大量有毒有害物质也进入到废水中,使得医药化工废水成为废水处理中的难点。采用新型铁碳和芬顿处理工艺对医药化工废水中有毒有害物质进行断链破环,将大分子物质转化无能够生化的小分子物质,提高废水的可生化性,同时使用新型培养、驯化的耐盐菌种,采用PSB生化处理技术与A/O生化处理技术相结合,共同处理高盐高浓度的医药化工废水,出水水质符合国家一级污水排放标准,有效降低企业废水处理透支及运行成本。     

Cork industry wastewater partition by ultra/nanofiltration: a biodegradation and valorisation study

Wastewater from cork processing industry present high levels of organic and phenolic compounds, such as tannins, with a low biodegradability and a significant toxicity. These compounds are not readily removed by conventional municipal wastewater treatment, which is largely based on primary sedimentation followed by biological treatment. The purpose of this work is to study the biodegradability of different cork wastewater fractions, obtained through membrane separation, in order to assess its potential for biological treatment and having in view its valorisation through tannins recovery, which could be applied in other industries. Various ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes where used, with molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO) ranging from 0.125 to 91 kDa. The wastewater and the different permeated fractions were analyzed in terms of Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Phenols (TP), Tannins, Color, pH and Conductivity. Results for the wastewater shown that it is characterized by a high organic content (670.5-1056.8 mg TOC/L, 2285-2604 mg COD/L, 1000-1225 mg BOD/L), a relatively low biodegradability (0.35-0.38 for BOD₅/COD and 0.44-0.47 for BOD₂₀/COD) and a high content of phenols (360-410 mg tannic acid/L) and tannins (250-270 mg tannic acid/L). The results for the wastewater fractions shown a general decrease on the pollutant content of permeates, and an increase of its biodegradability, with the decrease of the membrane MWCO applied. Particularly, the permeated fraction from the membrane MWCO of 3.8 kDa, presented a favourable index of biodegradability (0.8) and a minimized phenols toxicity that enables it to undergo a biological treatment and so, to be treated in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Also, within the perspective of valorisation, the rejected fraction obtained through this membrane MWCO may have a significant potential for tannins recovery. Permeated fractions from membranes with MWCO lower than 3.8 kDa, presented a particularly significant decline of organic matter and phenols, enabling this permeates to be reused in the cork processing and so, representing an interesting perspective of zero discharge for the cork industry, with evident environmental and economic advantages.     

物化/水解/接触氧化工艺处理医药化工废水

采用物化(混凝、电解氧化)/水解/接触氧化工艺处理医药化工废水,处理量为200m3/d,其中高浓度废水COD为30 000 mg/L,低浓度废水COD为3 000 mg/L.运行实践表明,电解氧化工艺与水解酸化工艺联用,可明显提高废水的可生化性;接触氧化池对COD的去除率约为70%.整个处理系统对COD的去除率达到95%,出水COD<300 mg/L,pH为7.92～8.27,达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的二级标准.     

水解酸化/生物接触氧化工艺处理舰船油污废水

以经隔油处理后的舰船油污废水为研究对象,采用水解酸化/生物接触氧化工艺对其进行处理,考察处理效果及其影响因素.结果表明,采用水解酸化/生物接触氧化工艺处理舰船油污废水是可行的,当进水盐浓度为25 g/L、COD为550～600 mg/L、油类为25～30 mg/L、水温为25～30 ℃、HRT为18 h时,系统对COD和油类的去除率分别可达93%和96%,出水COD和油类浓度均达到排放要求.水解酸化工艺可有效提高油污废水的可生化性,其最佳停留时间为10 h;水温降低会使系统的处理效果下降;系统的耐盐冲击能力较强,低盐度冲击对系统处理效果的影响要比高盐度冲击的小.     

电解/水解酸化/活性污泥法处理医药废水研究

采用电解/水解酸化/好氧活性污泥工艺处理高浓度、难降解的医药生产废水,着重考察了HRT、温度、pH、溶解氧及污泥负荷对好氧段处理效果的影响.结果表明,电解/水解酸化提高了废水的可生化性,在HRT为18 h、温度为24℃、pH值为6.5～7.0、溶解氧为2.5 mg/L以及污泥负荷为0.42～0.50 kgCOD/(kgMLSS·d)的条件下,好氧段对COD的去除效果较好,去除率基本稳定在90%左右,出水水质满足<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的二级标准.     

微电解/水解酸化/SBR工艺处理化学制药废水

采用微电解/厌氧水解酸化/SBR组合工艺处理难生物降解的化学制药废水.结果表明:微电解/厌氧水解酸化预处理可大大提高化学制药废水的可生化性,其BOD_5/COD由0.13增至0.64.在SBR处理系统中,当污泥负荷控制在0.5 kgCOD/(kgMLSS·d)、曝气为10～12 h时,对COD的去除率可达到85%以上,污泥增长速率约为1.5 kg/(m~3·d).     

硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水处理的生产性试验研究

针对硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水的污染物浓度和色度较高、残留杭生素、可生化性差、水量不大但污染性强等特点,设计了中和调节/气浮/水解酸化/UBF/SBR组合工艺对其进行处理,处理后的出水COD<300mg/L、BOD5<50mg/L、NH3-N<20mg/L,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)的生物制药行业二级标准.     

铁炭Fenton/SBR法处理硝基苯制药废水

为探寻硝基苯废水的适宜处理工艺，开展了铁炭Fentort／SBR工艺处理硝基苯制药废水的试验研究。结果表明，铁炭内电解结合Fenton氧化的预处理工艺可有效去除废水中的硝基苯类物质，并提高了废水的可生化性。当原水的pH值为2～3、H2O2投加量为500～600mg／L时，调节预处理出水pH值至7～8并经沉淀处理后，对COD和硝基苯类物质的总去除率分别可达47％和92％。后续混合废水经SBR工艺处理后出水水质能满足国家污水排放标准。     

O3/BAF组合工艺深度处理制药废水试验研究

针对工业区难降解制药废水的水质特点,通过臭氧/曝气生物滤池组合工艺进行一期工程生化池出水的深度处理。现场试验结果表明:先通过臭氧预处理提高废水的可生化性,然后再采用曝气生物滤池进行生化处理,可取得良好的处理效果。当臭氧投加量为24 mg/L、臭氧接触时间为1 h时,BOD5/COD的平均值由0.180提高到0.436。后续采用曝气生物滤池处理,当水力表面负荷为4.25 m3/(m2.h)、HRT为0.85 h时,出水COD<90 mg/L,稳定达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准。     

Decontamination industrial pharmaceutical wastewater by combining solar photo-Fenton and biological treatment

Characterization and treatment of a real pharmaceutical wastewater containing 775 mg dissolved organic carbon per liter by a solar photo-Fenton/biotreatment were studied. There were also many inorganic compounds present in the matrix. The most important chemical in this wastewater was nalidixic acid (45 mg/L), an antibiotic pertaining to the quinolone group. A Zahn-Wellens test demonstrated that the real bulk organic content of the wastewater was biodegradable, but only after long biomass adaptation; however, the nalidixic acid concentration remained constant, showing that it cannot be biodegraded. An alternative is chemical oxidation (photo-Fenton process) first to enhance biodegradability, followed by a biological treatment (Immobilized Biomass Reactor - IBR). In this case, two studies of photo-Fenton treatment of the real wastewater were performed, one with an excess of H₂O₂ (kinetic study) and another with controlled H₂O₂ dosing (biodegradability and toxicity studies). In the kinetic study, nalidixic acid completely disappeared after 190 min. In the other experiment with controlled H₂O₂, nalidixic acid degradation was complete at 66 mM of H₂O₂ consumed. Biodegradability and toxicity bioassays showed that photo-Fenton should be performed until total degradation of nalidixic acid before coupling a biological treatment. Analysis of the average oxidation state (AOS) demonstrated the formation of more oxidized intermediates. With this information, the photo-Fenton treatment time (190 min) and H₂O₂ dose (66 mM) necessary for adequate biodegradability of the wastewater could be determined. An IBR operated in batch mode was able to reduce the remaining DOC to less than 35 mg/L. Ammonium consumption and NO₃⁻ generation demonstrated that nitrification was also attained in the IBR. Overall DOC degradation efficiency of the combined photo-Fenton and biological treatment was over 95%, of which 33% correspond to the solar photochemical process and 62% to the biological treatment.