重质油加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮催化剂的开发及工业应用

本文简要地介绍了重质油加氢脱硫、加氢脱氮催化剂的开发过程, 催化剂工业产品与国外同类催化剂的加氢活性对比情况, 以及催化剂在工业装置中的运行情况。工业使用表明, 所开发的催化剂具有良好的加氢处理活性和稳定性。     

吸附-催化燃烧含氯挥发性有机物催化剂的研究进展

对吸附-催化燃烧的机理和具备吸附与催化性能的新型催化剂的研究与开发作了介绍。钙钛矿型复氧化物催化剂、金属氧化物催化剂、贵金属催化剂等在吸附催化燃烧含氯挥发性有机物的处理方面得到了广泛而深入的研究。对各种类型催化剂的活性和特点进行了评述并提出今后发展的方向。     

酯合成中催化剂的研究及进展

介绍了酯合成中催化剂的使用和研究现状,分析了它们的优缺点并指出了今后酯化反应催化剂的研究发展方向。     

聚合催化剂的应用与市场状况

聚合反应的催化剂主要包括单活性点催化剂、齐格勒-纳塔催化剂和菲利浦催化剂。单活性点催化剂是具有增长潜力的品种,以其催化合成的聚合物产品的消费量在全球范围内都在增长。在西欧,70%~75%的聚乙烯生产装置采用齐格勒-纳塔催化剂生产,同时聚丙烯生产装置也主要是以该类催化剂生产,23%~25%的聚乙烯生产装置采用菲利浦催化剂生产。改进型齐格勒-纳塔催化剂可以比较容易地应用于现有生产工艺中,已在PP生产过程中占据稳固位置,预计今后的用量还会增长。     

国内油脂加氢催化剂的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了国内油脂加氢催化剂的研究现状,综述了一些催化剂的制备方法和在油脂加氢方面的应用,指出超细及非晶态催化剂是油脂氢化催化剂的发展趋势。     

负载型非晶态合金催化剂的制备、表征及其应用

介绍了负载型非晶态合金催化剂的结构特点,总结了负载型非晶态合金催化剂的制备方法、性能及应用情况,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

PtPb催化剂的电化学合成及对甲酸催化氧化的研究

采用直接电沉积法制备了Pt-Pb摩尔比为3：1,2：1,1：1,1：2,1：3的PtPb/C催化剂和Pt/C催化剂,通过循环伏安法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,加入Pb可抑制COad中间体对催化剂的毒化作用,提高催化剂的性能和寿命。在相同条件下,随着铂铅原子比的不同,催化剂的性能也不同。在五种比例的PtPb催化剂中,随着铅含量的增加,催化剂的抗中毒性也得到提升。为降低铂用量,采用PtPb混合催化剂代替Pt/C催化剂,通过对不同Pb含量催化剂及其电极性能的研究,确定了最佳配比为Pt：Pb=1：2。该催化剂可作为燃料电池的重要材料。     

Ziegler-Natta催化剂及其在聚乙烯生产中的应用研究进展

介绍了均聚催化剂、共聚催化剂2部分传统的Ziegler-Natta催化剂,以及复合型Ziegler-Natta催化剂、其他金属活性中心的Ziegler-Natta催化剂.综述了各种催化剂的性能、作用机理和研究进展情况.指出为满足市场对聚乙烯产品性能要求的不断提高,未来Ziegler-Natta催化剂发展的方向.     

PHR系列固定床渣油加氢催化剂的研制开发与工业应用

中国石油石油化工研究院通过深入研究渣油原料的结构组成与加氢转化行为特征,成功开发出包括保护剂、脱金属剂、脱硫剂和脱残炭剂4大类共12个牌号的PHR系列固定床渣油加氢催化剂。在保护剂中构建了"毫米-微米-纳米"多级孔体系,其微米级孔（PHR-402、PHR-403催化剂）与纳米级孔（PHR-404催化剂）均为双峰分布,微米级孔（PHR-402、PHR-403催化剂）主要分布在1μm附近区域和30~200μm的较宽泛区域,纳米级孔（PHR-404催化剂）的集中孔径则分别约为13nm和250nm,纳米级孔中大于100nm的孔比例达到35%。脱金属剂具有双峰分布的孔结构及内高外低的活性金属含量分布,其"扩散孔"孔径达到微米级（2300nm）,大于100nm的孔比例超过20%。工业应用结果表明,PHR系列渣油加氢催化剂具有高而稳定的脱硫、脱氮、脱残炭等活性,催化剂内部孔结构的利用率高,且床层压降更低,有利于延长装置运转周期。     

Latest developments on application of heterogenous basic catalysts for an efficient and eco friendly synthesis of biodiesel: A review

Heterogeneous catalysts are now being tried extensively for biodiesel synthesis. These catalysts are poised to play an important role and are perspective catalysts in future for biodiesel production at industrial level. The review deals with a comprehensive list of these heterogeneous catalysts which has been reported recently. The mechanisms of these catalysts in the transesterification reaction have been discussed. The conditions for the reaction and optimized parameters along with preparation of the catalyst, and their leaching aspects are discussed. The heterogeneous basic catalyst discussed in the review includes oxides of magnesium and calcium; hydrotalcite/layered double hydroxide; alumina; and zeolites. Yield and conversion of biodiesel obtained from the triglycerides with various heterogeneous catalysts have been studied.     

Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H2 and O2 using zeolite-supported Au catalysts

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H₂ and O₂ using zeolite-supported Au catalysts is described and their activity is contrasted with silica- and alumina-supported Au catalysts. Two zeolites were investigated, ZSM-5 and zeolite Y. The effect of calcination of these catalysts is studied and it is found that for uncalcined catalysts high rates of hydrogen peroxide formation are observed, but these catalysts are unstable and lose Au during use. Consequently, reuse of these catalysts leads to lower rates of hydrogen peroxide formation. However, catalysts calcined at 400 °C are more stable and can be reused without loss of gold. The use of zeolites as a support for Au gives comparable rates of hydrogen peroxide formation to alumina-supported Au catalysts and higher rates when compared with silica-supported catalysts. prepared using a similar method. Zeolite Y-supported catalysts are more active than ZSM-5-supported catalysts for the stable calcined materials. It is considered that the overall activity of these supported catalysts may be related to the aluminium content as the activity increases with increasing aluminium content.     

催化裂化废催化剂综合利用技术

催化裂化废催化剂低碳循环处理和资源化利用已成为目前环境学科的难点问题。本文对催化裂化废催化剂在减量化、无害化和资源化处理方面的技术、研究成果进行了归纳和总结,阐述了各种技术的优缺点、相互关联性和适用性。对催化裂化废催化剂的应用前景及未来工作进行了评述和展望,指出研发新型催化裂化废催化剂处理技术应着重考虑环境和健康的处理技术,低碳与资源化、循环利用、清洁高效应是今后研究工作努力的方向。     

失活加氢处理催化剂的再生与金属回收综合利用发展趋势

在炼厂中的加氢处理单元中,催化剂的使用量非常巨大,每年失活的催化剂也逐年增多.失活催化剂含有较多的重金属,如果处理不当,就会造成严重的环境污染问题.从失活的加氢处理催化剂的再生和金属回收综合利用两方而,介绍了国内外的研究工作发展趋势和工业应用情况,对目前存在的不足和将来的发展方向进行探讨.     

The use of soluble polymers to effect homogeneous catalyst separation and reuse

The use of soluble polymeric ligands for homogeneous catalysts separation is reviewed with emphasis on work from the author's laboratory. Examples discussed include polyethylene-bound catalysts, poly(alkene oxide)-bound catalysts, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-bound catalysts, fluorous polymer-bound catalysts and amphoteric polymer-bound catalysts. The utility of these systems is also discussed in the broader context of polymer-supported catalysis and the advantages and limitations of soluble polymeric ligands are discussed in this context.     

Characterization and FT-IR study of nanostructured alumina-supported V-Mo-W-O catalysts

The effect of tungsten incorporation in the surface composition and its catalytic performance is evaluated for alumina supported Mo-V-O, Mo-W-O, V-W-O and Mo-V-W-O nanostructurated-oxide catalysts. The characterization results reveal that the surface of Mo-V-W-O catalysts is further different from the binary counterparts, due to the presence of stabilized and reduced structures dispersed on the support. Such species are not present in the Mo-V-O catalysts; indicative that tungsten acts as a structural–chemical promoter. The in situ FT-IR study of these catalysts under propane + oxygen atmosphere showed that Mo-V-W-O catalyst is able to thermally activate the propane oxotransformation and ODH-products are registered in the gas-phase whereas oxygenate-compounds are detected on the surface of catalysts.     

Preparation and use of hybrid organic-inorganic catalysts

Various approaches towards the immobilization of molecular homogeneous catalysts are introduced, focusing on catalysts where an organic molecule is attached to the surface of an inorganic support material via a covalent bond forming the so-called hybrid organic-inorganic catalysts. The application of this new class of catalysts in a wide variety of organic reactions is reviewed.     

加氢催化剂预硫化技术进展及其应用

预硫化是加氢催化剂必不可少的活化步骤。叙述了加氢催化剂预硫化技术的发展及反应原理,介绍了几种新型加氢催化剂预硫化技术及应用,提出了器外预硫化是预硫化技术的发展方向。     

国内重油催化裂化催化剂工业应用现状

介绍了国内典型重油催化裂化催化剂工业应用现状。分别阐述高掺渣比催化剂、抗重金属型催化剂、增产低碳烯烃催化剂和加工M-100专用CORH、CMO催化剂的使用情况,并对各催化剂的性能进行了综合比较,指出不同催化剂所适用原料的特性,最后提出了新型重油催化裂化催化剂的发展趋势。     

乙炔选择性加氢：催化剂结构敏感性分析及调控

Pd催化乙炔选择性加氢是石脑油蒸汽裂解和煤基电石乙炔路径制备聚合级乙烯的关键。传统的Pd基催化剂使用成本较高且选择性和稳定性较差。本文综述了近年来乙炔选择性加氢催化剂结构敏感性及其调控方面的相关研究进展,重点介绍了包括活性金属粒径、纳米颗粒形貌和电子结构等对乙炔选择性加氢反应性能的重要作用,进而阐明了催化剂结构调控的目标与方向。进一步归纳总结了针对该反应特性的催化剂结构定向调控的研究进展,主要包括合金和金属间化合物催化剂、单原子及其合金催化剂的设计。通过合理地调控催化剂结构,优化关键物种的吸脱附和反应动力学行为,能够显著提高乙炔加氢催化剂的选择性及稳定性。在未来的研究中,如何针对该反应特性,构筑高效、稳定和低成本的催化剂将会是该体系催化剂研究的重点与难点。     

加氢裂化催化剂失活与再生

利用XRD、XPS、TPR、ICP、IR、TEM 等技术, 测试和表征几种不同类型新鲜的、失活的和再生后工业用非贵金属加氢裂化催化剂的性能, 找出该催化剂失活的主要原因。经研究发现,加氢裂化预精制催化剂主要失活原因是积炭和金属聚集; 加氢裂化催化剂主要失活原因是积碳、所含沸石倒塌、金属聚集、孔结构堵塞及倒塌, 对于单段加氢裂化催化剂失活原因, 还包括酸中心中毒等。本文还探讨了器内与器外再生方式利弊及今后发展趋势。