L沸石合成及其影响因素的研究

采用水热合成法成功合成出高结晶度的L沸石.合成初始凝胶(物质的量)组成为5.4K2O:5.7Na2O:1Al2O3:30SiO2:500H2O,反应温度为175℃,反应时间为24 h.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对合成的沸石分子筛进行了表征.XRD检测结果表明:制备的沸石具有L沸石典型特征峰,结晶度较高.SEM检测结果表明:合成的L沸石分子筛呈圆柱状,粒径约为1 μm,大小均匀.由于L沸石晶化区间相对狭窄,合成过程中须严格控制反应条件,所以又全面考察了水热合成条件对L沸石晶化的影响,结果表明:nSiO2/nAl2O3、Nh2o/n(Na2O+K2O)、nNa2O/n(Na2O+K2O)对结晶过程影响很大;陈化可以较好地减小晶粒尺寸,增加晶粒均匀度.     

稻壳一步煅烧法制备A型分子筛的研究

将稻壳洗净后粉碎,与NaOH和铝源混合后在高温下煅烧,水热晶化制备A型分子筛.实验探究了不同硅铝比、煅烧温度和不同铝源的影响.运用了XRD、SEM、XRF等手段对样品进行表征,并对合成产物进行了亚甲基蓝吸附实验.结果表明:在n(Na2 O):n(SiO2)=6,n(SiO2):n(Al2 O3)=0.8～2.4,n(H2 O):n(Na2 O)=35,煅烧温度850℃时,采用Al(OH)3和NaAlO2都能得到形貌规整、结晶度较好的A型分子筛,并且对25.0 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液吸附效果较好,吸附容量4.76 mg·g-1,去除率95％以上.此方法的优点是原料价格低,工艺简单,易于推广.     

晶化时间对SAPO-34分子筛粒径的影响

以硅溶胶为硅源、异丙醇铝为铝源、磷酸为磷源、三乙胺为模板剂,按摩尔比n(Al2O3)∶n(P2O5)∶n(SiO2)∶n(TEA)∶n(H2O)=1∶1∶0.8∶3∶60配制初始反应液。利用水热法合成SAPO-34沸石分子筛,考察了水热晶化时间对沸石晶粒的影响。结果表明,随着晶化时间的延长,合成的SAPO-34产物结晶度随之升高,平均粒径及粒径分布范围也随之变大。     

Co、Mn共掺杂铋层状Na_(0.5)Bi_(4.5)Ti_4O_(15)无铅压电陶瓷的显微结构及电性能

采用固相法制备Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15+x%Co2O3+y%MnCO3(NBT-CM-x)(y=0.1x)铋层状无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Co、Mn共掺杂对Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15陶瓷显微结构和电性能的影响。结果表明:所有样品均为铋层状结构;Co、Mn共掺杂能促进陶瓷晶粒生长;随Co、Mn共掺杂量的增加,Curie温度TC逐渐升高(均在635℃以上);Cole-Cole图出现2个圆弧,表明存在晶粒和晶界效应;适量Co、Mn共掺杂提高了Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15陶瓷的压电常数d33、剩余极化强度Pr、机械品质因数Qm和相对介电常数εr,降低了直流电导率σDC和介电损耗tanδ。当x=3.0时,NBT-CM-x陶瓷的综合性能最佳:d33=24pC/N,Pr=11.70μC/cm2,Qm=3 117,εr=198,tanδ=0.19%,kp=9.9%,kt=14.7%,表明该陶瓷材料具有良好的高温应用前景。     

氨荒酸盐的合成及配位性能

以CS2、NaOH和仲胺为原料,在无水乙醇中制得了3种N,N-二烃基氨荒酸盐R2NCS2Na.H2O[R2N=i-Pr2N、O(CH2CH2)2N、MeN(CH2CH2)2N],用元素分析、XRD、FTIR等对产物进行了表征,并探索了合成工艺条件,利用紫外分光光度法测定了氨荒酸盐与As3+、Sb3+、Bi3+的配位性能。结果表明,氨荒酸盐与金属离子能形成稳定的配合物,其配位能力的强弱顺序为BiI3.(i-Pr)2NCS2Na.H2OSbI3.(i-Pr)2NCS2Na.H2OAsI3.(i-Pr)2NCS2Na.H2O。实验确定的合成工艺条件为:n(仲胺)∶n(NaOH)∶n(CS2)=1.0∶1.5∶1.8,反应时间2h,产率分别为89.7%、91.2%和93.2%。     

降解壳聚糖与水杨醛改性衍生物对Ca~(2+)、Fe~(3+)的螯合性质

过氧化氢对壳聚糖氧化降解反应适宜条件为:温度70～80℃;pH=4～7;w(H2O2)=5%。对降解产物(CTS′)与水杨醛进行化学改性得相应衍生物S CTS′(H)、S CTS′(Na)和还原产物RS CTS′(H)、RS CTS′(Na)。在pH=10～11的水溶液中对Ca2+的螯合(吸附)能力为RS CTS′(Na)∽S CTS′(Na)>RS CTS′(H)∽S CTS′(H)。同时给出S CTS′(H)在c(HCl)=0 10mol/L的介质中对Fe3+螯合的UV吸收光谱。     

La2O3对Nd3+掺杂氧化钇透明陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统无压烧结工艺,在氢气气氛下制备了(Nd0.01Y0.99-xLax)2O3(摩尔含量x=0,0.05,0.10)透明陶瓷,研究了La2O3的含量对其性能的影响。结果表明:随着La2O3含量的增加,陶瓷的晶粒尺寸减小,密度和透过率增大;同时,Raman光谱特征峰发生红移,声子能量略有降低,最大声子能量分别为378,375,372cm-1,半高宽增大,相对强度减小。当La2O3含量继续增加时,样品晶粒尺寸和立方相结构保持不变。当x=0.10时,在烧结温度为1680℃和保温时间为50h的条件下,Nd3+掺杂的氧化镧钇透明陶瓷的直线透过率最高达到80%。     

钛硅分子筛ETS-10的合成和表征

以硅酸钠溶胶、硫酸钛为起始原料,在含KF碱性水热体系中制备出ETS-10钛硅酸盐分子筛;考察了原料的配比、晶化时间与温度对ETS-10合成的影响。应用XRD、SEM、EDX、FTIR和N2吸附技术表征了合成的ETS-10的结构和物性。结果表明,用组成为n(SiO2)∶n(TiO2)∶n(Na2O)∶n(KF)∶n(H2O)=7.5∶1.0∶5.0∶3.0∶198的凝胶,在463K(48h)和无模板剂的条件下,合成出结晶度良好的ETS-10。ETS-10晶体具有规则的四方切角锥形晶貌和微孔性质,比表面积和孔容分别为383.75cm2/g和0.16cm3/g;典型样品的化学组成接近已知的ETS-10组成表达式(Na,K)2TiSi5O13.4H2O。     

Y_2O_3,Fe_2O_3掺杂(Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5))TiO_3无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用固相法制备了(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3+xmol%Y2O3+xmol%Fe2O3(0≤x≤1.25)(简称NBTYF)无铅压电陶瓷。XRD衍射结果表明,所有陶瓷样品均为单一的钙钛矿结构。SEM表明,掺杂后陶瓷的晶粒尺寸增大。介电温谱表明该体系陶瓷具有弛豫特性,随掺杂量的增加,退极化温度Td向低温方向移动,而居里温度Tc向高温方向移动。陶瓷的密度和压电常数d33和随x的增加先增大后减小,而机械品质因子Qm一直下降。当x=1.00时,该体系陶瓷具有最佳压电性能,d33=106pC/N,Qm=93,kp=16.08%,εr=594,tanδ=5.33%,ρ=5.699g/cm3。     

氮掺杂对TiO_2催化剂吸附性能及光催化性能的影响

以低浓度碱溶剂热法制备钛酸纳米纤维,利用二次水热法掺杂氮元素制得N-Ti O2催化剂;采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对制备的催化剂进行表征。以亚甲基蓝溶液模拟有机废水,考察氮掺杂量对催化剂吸附性能和光催化性能的影响,揭示吸附性和光催化性能的内在联系。结果表明,掺杂氮元素未改变Ti O2的晶型,但能改变Ti O2晶体尺寸,对其形貌有一定影响,同时显著提高N-Ti O2催化剂的吸附性能和催化活性。氮掺杂量越高,晶粒尺寸越小,比表面积越大,吸附和光催化性能越好。在n(N)∶n(Ti)=1∶1时,Ti O2光催化活性和吸附性能最佳。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。