减四线抽出油生产环保橡胶填充油的试验研究

以糠醛为溶剂对克拉玛依减四线糠醛抽出油进行再抽提以生产多环芳烃质量分数符合要求的橡胶填充油。采用单因素试验方法考察剂油质量比、抽提温度、抽提时间及沉降时间对精制油收率及多环芳烃质量分数的影响。运用数学优化方法确定了最佳操作条件,并采用假二段串联模拟试验进行验证。研究结果表明:在剂油质量比为1.9∶1,抽提塔顶温度为60℃,塔底温度为50℃的操作条件下,精制油的收率为46.5%,多环芳烃质量分数为2.82%,CA值为19.2%,可以作为环保型芳烃橡胶填充油。     

加氢-抽提组合工艺制取环保型芳烃油

以减四线抽出油为原料,采用加氢处理-溶剂抽提组合工艺,生产出符合欧盟标准的环保型轮胎用芳烃油.在缓和加氢的工艺条件下将稠环芳烃饱和率控制在40%~50%之间.再在抽提温度60℃,剂油比2.5∶1的条件下经过浅度糠醛抽提后,使产品PCA值达到3.0%以下,CA>12%,是优良的环保型轮胎用芳烃油.针对目前各工业上生产环保芳烃油工艺的不足,这里采用的加氢-抽提组合工艺,具有收率高,原料适应性强等优势.     

润滑油抽出油糠醛精制生产橡胶填充油的研究

以糠醛为溶剂对大庆石化减四线糠醛抽出油进行再抽提。考察了抽提温度和剂油体积比对橡胶填充油的质量和收率的影响。研究结果表明,最佳操作条件:抽提温度70℃,剂油体积比3.0。在此条件下,产品收率为58.6%,芳香烃组分的质量分数为76.8%,符合某些企业橡胶填充油的使用标准。     

糠醛抽出油制取橡胶填充油的研究

为了研制符合一定标准的橡胶填充油,以糠醛为溶剂对大庆石化减二线糠醛抽出油进行再抽提。本研究采用单级抽提方法进行了一系列条件实验,考察研制橡胶填充油的应用可行性。主要考察了抽提温度和剂油比对橡胶填充油的质量和收率的影响。研究结果表明：当剂油比一定时,随着温度的升高,产品收率上升,芳香烃含量下降;当温度一定时,随着剂油比增大,产品收率先上升后下降,芳香烃含量先上升后下降。综合考虑产品的质量和收率,本实验范围内较适宜的操作条件为：抽提温度60℃,质量剂油比2.0。在此条件下,产品收率为52.3%,芳香烃组分的含量为80.6%,符合某些企业橡胶填充油的使用标准。     

糠醛加助剂生产环保橡胶填充油的正交实验研究

采用糠醛加助剂对克拉玛依减四线抽出油进一步抽提,以生产多环芳烃含量符合要求的橡胶填充油。运用正交实验方法考察了剂油比、抽提温度及助剂用量对精制油收率和多环芳烃含量的影响,并用假三段模拟实验进行验证。结果表明,最优操作条件为:剂油比1.82∶1,助剂用量10%,抽提塔的顶部和底部温度分别是65℃和45℃,在此条件下,精制油收率接近50%,多环芳烃含量2.9%,CA值为18.4%,所生产的精制油可以作为环保芳烃橡胶填充油。     

糠醛加助剂生产环保橡胶填充油的正交实验研究

采用糠醛加助剂对克拉玛依减四线抽出油进一步抽提,以生产多环芳烃含量符合要求的橡胶填充油。运用正交实验方法考察了剂油比、抽提温度及助剂用量对精制油收率和多环芳烃含量的影响,并用假三段模拟实验进行验证。结果表明,最优操作条件为:剂油比1.82∶1,助剂用量10%,抽提塔的顶部和底部温度分别是65℃和45℃,在此条件下,精制油收率接近50%,多环芳烃含量2.9%,CA值为18.4%,所生产的精制油可以作为环保芳烃橡胶填充油。     

糠醛精制脱除克拉玛依减四线抽出油中多环芳烃的研究

以糠醛为溶剂,对克拉玛依减四线糠醛精制抽出油进行单级抽提试验,降低其中多环芳烃含量以生产橡胶填充油。在抽提时间20min,沉降时间20min的条件下,考察了剂油比和抽提温度对精制效果的影响,结果表明:随剂油比和抽提温度增加,精制油的多环芳烃含量、折光率及精制油收率均下降。当抽提温度60℃,剂油比3.5∶1,精制油的质量较好,在此条件下进行假三段试验,精制油中多环芳烃含量为0.6%,折光率为1.5120。     

多级萃取生产环保型橡胶填充油的工艺研究

以N-甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂,多级萃取脱除中海36-1环烷基馏分油中的稠环芳烃制备环保橡胶填充油。考察工艺条件对精制油收率和PCA质量分数的影响。采用柱色谱法将组分依次分离为饱和分、单环、双环和多环芳烃4个组分。研究发现,单级萃取将多环芳烃质量分数从14.51%降至6.88%,多级萃取后多环芳烃质量分数降至4.29%;单环、双环芳烃总质量分数始终维持在17%~18%。采用FT-IR对油品进行了表征。确定实验最佳操作条件为萃取温度为30℃、剂油质量比为2∶1、萃取级数为2,此时精制油收率为57.67%,PCA质量分数为2.87%,CA值为9.52%,100℃运动黏度为17.38 mm2/s,基本满足国内外典型环烷型橡胶填充油质量标准。     

中石化开发出环保型烃橡胶填充油提升工艺

中国石化石油化工科学研究院近日开发出ARE环保型芳烃橡胶填充抽提工艺。该工艺以富含芳烃的溶剂精制油为原料,筛选出对多环芳烃具有选择性溶解能力的抽提溶剂,在中型ARE装置上生产出满足欧盟2005／69／EC指令要求的芳烃橡胶填充油,并建成7万吨／年环保型芳烃橡胶填充油生产装置。溶剂精制抽出油经ARE溶剂抽提可以满足欧盟指令要求,采用该填充油对橡胶充油后得到的橡胶性能优良,各项指标均达到SBR1723优级品要求。     

BP神经网络用于环保橡胶油研制工艺条件考察

通过建立BP神经网络,预测最佳萃取工艺条件,制备环保橡胶油。考察了溶剂A、B、C的萃取效果;结合单因素实验数据,利用Matlab软件建立神经网络模型,对剂油比、溶剂复配比、实验温度进行了模拟预测并验证;对实验时间进行了考察。结果表明,在剂油比为2,A∶C=1.4,温度为41℃条件下,对原料油萃取10 min,抽余油多环芳烃质量分数由5.74%下降到2.65%,满足欧盟2005/69/EC指令要求,产品收率高达89.1%(质量),各项性质与国外环保油相当。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。