癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯和肉豆蔻酸甲酯的液相声速测量

癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯和肉豆蔻酸甲酯3种脂肪酸甲酯是生物柴油的主要成分,其声速是喷油系统优化设计和等熵压缩因子计算中所必需的参数之一。针对癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲脂和肉豆蔻酸甲脂3种物质声速实验数据缺乏的现状,利用布里渊光散射法,沿0.1、2.5、5.5和8.5 MPa 4条等压线,在288.15~498.15 K温度范围内,分别测量了癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯和肉豆蔻酸甲酯的液相声速;分析了声速随温度、压力的变化规律;依据实验数据,给出了在本文p-T热力学区域内,3种物质液相声速与温度和压力的关联式;关联式计算值与实验数据的相对偏差绝对平均值分别为:0.17%(癸酸甲酯)、0.10%(月桂酸甲酯)和0.15%(肉豆蔻酸甲酯),满足工程应用需求。     

癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯和肉豆蔻酸甲酯的液相声速测量

癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯和肉豆蔻酸甲酯3种脂肪酸甲酯是生物柴油的主要成分,其声速是喷油系统优化设计和等熵压缩因子计算中所必需的参数之一。针对癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲脂和肉豆蔻酸甲脂3种物质声速实验数据缺乏的现状,利用布里渊光散射法,沿0.1、2.5、5.5和8.5 MPa 4条等压线,在288.15~498.15 K温度范围内,分别测量了癸酸甲酯、月桂酸甲酯和肉豆蔻酸甲酯的液相声速;分析了声速随温度、压力的变化规律;依据实验数据,给出了在本文p-T热力学区域内,3种物质液相声速与温度和压力的关联式;关联式计算值与实验数据的相对偏差绝对平均值分别为：0.17%（癸酸甲酯）、0.10%（月桂酸甲酯）和0.15%（肉豆蔻酸甲酯）,满足工程应用需求。     

番荔枝籽油脂脂肪酸组成的GC-MS分析

研究了番荔枝籽油脂中脂肪酸的组成.用索氏脂肪抽提器提取番荔枝籽的油脂,并以GC-MS分析油脂脂肪酸的组成.结果表明,番荔枝籽油脂收率达29.2％;番荔枝籽油脂中含有8种脂肪酸,主要为:油酸(45.37％)、亚油酸(30.68％)、棕榈酸(13.60％)和硬脂酸(8.94％),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量达76.29％.番荔枝籽含油量高,脂肪酸种类丰富,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,具有较高的开发利用价值.     

植物生长点抑制剂

核糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、山梨醇等的糖类和C_(8-12)的脂肪酸(如壬酸、癸酸、月桂酸等)合成的穗类,是植物生长点抑制剂。抑制生长点特别有效。喷0.5％癸酸     

粤产射干挥发油的水蒸气蒸馏提取及气相色谱-质谱联用分析

对水蒸气蒸馏提取射干挥发油的提取条件进行了研究。获得最佳提取条件为:射干粉末(40目)150 g加入1000 mL的水,浸泡2 h后,水蒸气蒸馏提取10 h。用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定了所得射干挥发油的化学成分,鉴定出其中41种成分,有机酸类化合物(38.74%)以及醛类化合物(9.77%),含量最高的成分分别为月桂酸(15.05%),癸酸(11.07%),雪松醇(6.99%),桃醛(5.36%),正辛酸(5.18%);肉豆蔻酸甲酯(3.78%)和1-乙基己酸酐(3.20%)等天然有效成分。     

化妆品中的脂质体（英）

化妆品配方师可从许多来源中选择各种油脂,但最终要由质量、价格和性能来评价。脂质体为化妆品配方提供了显著的性能,它使皮肤润滑、柔和、富有弹性,具有封闭性,在皮肤上能产生一层薄膜以防止皮肤中水份散失。另外,它的清洗、乳化、光泽、附着性和润滑性都拓宽了脂质体及其衍生物的应用范围。介绍了一种由遗传工程开发并已商业化生产的富含月桂酸酯的月桂酸Ｃａｎｏｌａ油,它在温和及泡沫方面有肯定的优势。油脂的纯度对化妆品配方非常重要,化妆品乳液的稳定性取决于脂质体的纯度。还介绍了化妆品组分评述规划的作用。     

西北植物研究所从山胡椒核仁油中制得癸酸月桂酸

癸酸(CH_3(CH_2)_8COOH)、月桂酸(又叫十二烷酸 CH_3(CH_2)_(10)COOH)是从椰子油、月桂油等植物油中提取而得的有机原料,在化工、石油、军事工业上都有重要用途。我国生产癸酸、月桂酸的原料,大部分靠进口。西北植物研究所的革命技术人员,遵照伟大领袖毛主席“自力更生,艰苦奋斗”的教导,于一九六九年深入秦岭,巴山地区,寻找能生产这类脂肪酸的油料植物。在贫下中农的帮助下,采集了二十多种,经过实验室     

定型相变材料对磷酸钾镁水泥性能的影响

利用实验室制备的癸酸/膨胀石墨定型相变材料、月桂酸/膨胀石墨定型相变材料和石蜡/膨胀石墨定型相变材料对磷酸钾镁水泥(MKPC)水化温升进行调控,同时研究了定型相变材料对MKPC水泥工作性能、水化热和强度的影响。结果表明:掺入癸酸/膨胀石墨定型相变材料、月桂酸/膨胀石墨定型相变材料后,MKPC的水化过程发生变化,磷酸钾镁水泥的性能改变:凝结时间缩短,流动度减小,水化温峰T_(max)和水化热降低,但强度有较大幅度减小。掺入石蜡/膨胀石墨定型相变材料后,MKPC水化温峰T_(max)随其掺量增加呈规律性降低。较癸酸和月桂酸,石蜡对MKPC水化过程影响较小,石蜡/膨胀石墨定型相变材料的MKPC工作性能更优。     

不同溶剂的索式法提取酸浆果籽中油脂及成分分析

分别以乙醚、乙酸乙酯、正己烷为萃取溶剂,采用索氏萃取法提取黑龙江省产酸浆果籽获得了油脂,得油率分别为乙醚19.70%(质量分数,以下同)、乙酸乙酯19.53%、正己烷18.83%.用气质联机(GC/MS)对籽油成分进行分析的结果显示,酸浆籽油脂成分主要由亚油酸,油酸,十六烷酸和十八烷酸构成.     

脂肪酸-聚醚胺-CO2相行为及萃取性能研究

研究了脂肪酸-聚醚胺-水络合溶剂在CO₂触发开关作用下的相分离行为、开关性能及萃取水溶液中铜离子效能。通过辛酸-癸酸、辛酸-月桂酸、癸酸-月桂酸3种憎水性低共熔溶剂DES和辛酸、癸酸与聚醚胺D230水溶液配伍构建了系列开关型溶剂,并考察了不同脂肪酸与不同浓度聚醚胺D230水溶液配伍形成均相溶液的CO₂响应性能。实验发现,聚醚胺D230水溶液质量分数为10%、13%和15%时,极性逆转导致体系的相行为变化有所不同。借助脂肪酸-聚醚胺-水络合溶剂,实现了脂肪酸DES均相萃取水溶液中铜离子以及与水相的非均相分离萃取模式。实验结果表明,质量分数10%聚醚胺D230水溶液与脂肪酸组合具有良好的CO₂开关相行为,癸酸-月桂酸DES萃取铜离子的效果最佳。实验表明铜离子萃取率达到92.7%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。