回流法提取银杏叶总黄酮的研究

研究了乙醇回流法提取银杏叶总黄酮的工艺条件。通过单因素实验考察料液比、乙醇体积分数、提取时间、提取温度对银杏叶总黄酮提取率的影响,通过正交实验确定优化的提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶45(g∶mL)、乙醇体积分数50%、提取时间2.0h、提取温度70℃,在此条件下,银杏叶总黄酮提取率为0.918%。以优化的工艺条件为基础进一步运用微波辅助提取银杏叶总黄酮,发现在微波功率为640W时,采用间歇式提取,提取时间为15×10s,总黄酮提取率达到0.91%,接近传统方法提取3h的提取率。     

正交实验法优选石南藤黄酮苷的提取工艺

以乙醇提取石南藤中的黄酮苷,考察了料液比、提取温度、提取时间以及乙醇体积分数对提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数50%,料液比1∶40,提取温度90℃,提取时间2.5 h,在此条件下,黄酮苷的提取率可达4.2%。     

正交实验优化火龙果果皮红色素超声辅助醇提工艺

采用超声辅助乙醇浸提法提取火龙果果皮红色素,考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度对火龙果果皮红色素提取率的影响。结果表明,各因素影响主次顺序为料液比>乙醇浓度>提取时间>提取温度,最佳工艺条件为:提取剂为30%乙醇,料液比1∶50(g/m L),超声时间30 min,提取温度40℃。采用此最佳工艺条件提取火龙果果皮色素提取率为0.071%。     

何首乌中二苯乙烯苷类物质的超声波提取工艺优化

采用超声波辅助乙醇提取何首乌中二苯乙烯苷类物质,考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间和提取功率对提取率的影响。结果表明,提取最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%,料液比1∶25 g/m L,提取温度65℃,提取时间1.5 h和提取功率800 W。在此条件下,二苯乙烯苷类物质的提取率达7.19%。     

微波辅助提取党参皂甙工艺研究

本文以烘干恒重的党参粉末为原料,研究微波提取法和乙醇浸提法的提取工艺和影响因素,并将这两种优化工艺条件进行比较。这两种方法都是以乙醇作为提取溶剂,分别研究溶剂浓度、液固比、提取时间、乙醇浸提的提取温度或微波提取的微波功率对党参皂甙提取率的影响。结果表明,微波提取法中4个因素影响党参皂甙提取率的主次顺序为乙醇浓度加热时间液固比微波功率,此方法的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为70%,液固比为80mL.g-1,提取时间为10×20s,微波功率为320W,皂甙提取率为3.15%。乙醇浸提法中4个因素影响党参皂甙提取率的主次顺序为乙醇浓度液固比加热时间提取温度,此方法的最佳提取工艺条件优化条件为:乙醇浓度为70%,液固比80mL.g-1,加热时间为80min,提取温度70℃,提取率为2.17%。结果证明,微波提取党参皂甙具有简便快速、高效节能、重复性好的优点。     

何首乌中二苯乙烯苷类物质的超声波提取工艺优化

采用超声波辅助乙醇提取何首乌中二苯乙烯苷类物质,考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间和提取功率对提取率的影响。结果表明,提取最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度60%,料液比1∶25 g/m L,提取温度65℃,提取时间1.5 h和提取功率800 W。在此条件下,二苯乙烯苷类物质的提取率达7.19%。     

马尾松松针黄酮恒温乙醇浸提工艺研究

采用乙醇浸提法提取马尾松松针黄酮类化合物,通过单因素实验和正交实验考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度对马尾松松针黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度55%,料液比1∶55 g/mL,提取时间60 min,提取温度70℃。各因素影响的主次为料液比提取温度乙醇浓度提取时间。在最佳提取条件下,马尾松松针黄酮提取率为8.602%。     

正交实验优化火龙果果皮红色素超声辅助醇提工艺

采用超声辅助乙醇浸提法提取火龙果果皮红色素,考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度对火龙果果皮红色素提取率的影响。结果表明,各因素影响主次顺序为料液比乙醇浓度提取时间提取温度,最佳工艺条件为:提取剂为30%乙醇,料液比1∶50(g/m L),超声时间30 min,提取温度40℃。采用此最佳工艺条件提取火龙果果皮色素提取率为0.071%。     

桑叶中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺研究

用乙醇提取桑叶中的黄酮类物质,采用正交实验考察了回流提取时间、提取次数、乙醇浓度、料液比等因素对提取率的影响。结果表明,提取的最佳工艺条件是:回流提取时间1.5 h,提取3次,乙醇浓度80%,料液比(质量比)1∶30,其提取率可达0.723%。     

波叶山蚂蝗总黄酮提取工艺研究

研究了波叶山蚂蝗(Desmodium sequax Wall)总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。利用单因素实验研究了乙醇回流、超声波两种提取法对波叶山蚂蝗中总黄酮提取率的影响,用紫外分光光度法进行含量测定。结果表明:乙醇回流提取提取法的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度70℃,料液比1∶50 g/mL,乙醇浓度60%,提取时间2.0 h,提取率为2.209%;超声波提取法的最佳工艺条件为:1∶20 g/mL的料液比,70%的乙醇浓度,提取时间40 min,提取率为1.256%。结论乙醇回流提取法的效果较为优越,其提取率远远大于超声波提取法。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。