激光区熔定向凝固Al2O3/Y3Al5O12 (YAG)共晶的组织与断裂韧性

采用激光区熔高温度梯度快速定向凝固技术从熔体中直接制备Al2O3/Y3Al5O12(YAG)共晶自生复合陶瓷,以研究其在超高温度梯度(1.0×106 K/m)下的快速凝固组织特征及与激光工艺参数的关系,并对其力学性质进行分析.研究结果表明:凝固组织强烈地受激光扫描速度与功率密度的影响,当二者匹配时,Al2O3相和Y3Al5O12(YAG)相呈现均匀一致,连续分布的层状耦合共晶结构,共晶间距细小(1～2 μm),且随扫描速度的增大逐渐减小;所制备的Al2O3/Y3Al5O12(YAG)共晶陶瓷硬度高达19.5 GPa,断裂韧性达到3.6 MPa·m1/2.     

超重力下燃烧合成Al2O3-ZrO2(Y2O3)共晶陶瓷组织性能演化

采用超重力下燃烧合成工艺进行Al2O3-ZrO2 (4Y)共品陶瓷的制备,研究了Al2O3-ZrO2(4Y)共晶陶瓷的凝固行为、组织演化与力学性能的关系.XRD、SEM与EDS分析显示陶瓷基体组织是由表层的微纳米晶组织和心部的ZrO2四方相微米球品组织组成.陶瓷表层微纳米品组织的形成是因Al2O3高熵相率先形核和Al2O3各向异性生长,诱发Al2O3-ZrO2(4Y)小平面-小平面共晶生长所致;处于陶瓷心部的ZrO2四方相微米球晶组织则是因ZrO2高温立方相快速生长,导致Al2O3和ZrO2独立长大所致.力学性能测试结果表明因陶瓷凝固行为引起的显微组织演化,使其表层具有最大的维氏硬度(20.2GPa),而其心部则具有最高的断裂韧性(18.5±1.6MPa·m1/2),陶瓷弯曲强度达至1268±112MPa.     

改进的Sol-gel法制备Ba0.6 Sr0.4 TiO3厚膜

采用Sol-gel法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si和Al2O3基片上制备厚度为2～14μm的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)铁电厚膜材料.经高能球磨细化和表面改性后的BST陶瓷纳米粉体分散到BST溶胶中,通过甩胶法,形成0-3型BST厚膜材料.XRD图谱显示,BST呈现纯钙钛矿相结构;SEM照片显示,BST厚膜均匀致密、无裂纹;介电性能测试结果表明,当测试频率为1kHz,温度为25℃时,介电常数为620,介电损耗为0.6.     

包覆型α-Al_2O_3粉体的制备及表征

以平均粒径为22μm和0.5μm的α-Al2O3粉体为起始原料(以下分别简称Al2O3(C)和Al2O3(F)),分别以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和聚甲基丙烯酸铵(APMA)为聚合物电解质,采用非均相凝固法将Al2O3(F)颗粒均匀地包覆在Al2O3(C)粉体表面.重点考察了聚合物电解质的吸附时间、Al2O3(C)/Al2O3(F)的质量比、两种分子量的PEI对包覆型氧化铝粉体制备的影响.当Al2O3(C)/Al2O3(F)的质量比为1∶3,经过分子量约为60 000的PEI处理2 h的Al2O3(C)粉体表面均匀地包覆了Al2O3(F)颗粒(经APMA处理2 h).采用该包覆型粉体制备出片状多孔支撑体,其孔隙率为35.8%,平均孔径为2.9μm,纯水通量为205 m3/(m2.h.MPa).     

Al_2O_3粒径与形貌对尼龙复合材料导热性能影响研究

以尼龙(PA)为基体、三氧化二铝(Al2O3)为导热填料经熔融共混、模压成型后制得尼龙导热复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、导热分析仪对复合材料微观形貌、导热性能进行表征。结果表明,Al2O3在尼龙基体中具有良好的分散性;Al2O3填料含量、粒径和形貌都对复合材料导热率有影响,当粒径为5μm的片状Al2O3的填充量达到50%(质量分数)时,其导热率可达0.838 W/(m·K);不同形貌的Al2O3填料复配使用可以有效构建导热通路、提高复合材料热扩散系数,但会降低材料热容、使复合材料导热系数减小。     

HVOF和APS喷涂制备掺杂超细Al2O3颗粒复合CoNiCrAlY涂层研究

在MCrACY中添加一定量Al2O3可提高其高温磨损性能.为此,将CoNiCrAlY和微米级Al2O3粉末颗粒按比例混合后在密封球磨机里球磨,筛分后得到复合CoNiCrAlY/Al2O3粉末颗粒.分别采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂和大气等离子(APS)喷涂制备复合CoNiCrAlY/Al2O3涂层,并对喷涂粉末及2种涂层的形貌及性能进行了分析表征.SEM分析显示粉末颗粒内部含弥散分布的超细Al2O3颗粒.2种方式制备的涂层都含有弥散分布的超细Al2O3颗粒.HVOF制备的涂层中保留超细Al2O3颗粒较好.APS制备的涂层中超细Al2O3颗粒有所减少,涂层层间形成大量层状氧化物.2种方式制备的涂层中,HVOF制备的涂层硬度、结合强度高.     

纳米Al2O3的晶型对聚酰亚胺杂化薄膜性能的影响

将经偶联剂处理的纳米Al2O3粉体,借助超声波以一定方式均匀分散于聚酰胺酸溶液中,制备出Al2O3不同晶型、不同含量的PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜,并对杂化薄膜微观形貌、聚集态结构、光透过率、热稳定性、电击穿场强进行研究,分析Al2O3晶型和含量对PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的结构和性能的影响.结果表明:PI/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜的热稳定性,电击穿场强均高于纯PI薄膜,且随着纳米Al2O3含量的提高热稳定性也随之提高,电击穿场强先升高后降低;填充Al2O3粉体的晶型对PI薄膜分子链堆积密度有较大的影响,导致添加不同晶型Al2O3的杂化薄膜性能的差异.     

PET基材上介质保护层对高反射银膜性能的影响

为了解决纯银高反射膜耐候性不佳、附着力差的问题,在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)基材上制备了Al2O3/Ag/CrN结构,通过多组对照试验评估保护层对反射银膜耐候性和力学性能的影响.结果 表明:Al2O3前保护层显著提高了反射膜的耐腐蚀性能;CrN后保护层提高了膜层的附着力性能;综合耐候性、反射率、附着力等性能,PET/Al2O3/Ag/CrN膜层中Al2O3优选厚度为10 nm,CrN优选厚度为20 nm.     

KH550修饰Al_2O_3及其对PI/Al_2O_3薄膜性能的影响

通过调整KH550的含量对Al2O3粉体表面进行改性,并用红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对改性后的粉体进行表征,表征结果显示KH550成功的键合到Al2O3粉体表面。然后分别使用Al2O3以及改性Al2O3制备了一系列无机粉体含量为16%(质量分数)的PI复合薄膜,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合薄膜的断面微观形貌进行表征,并对复合薄膜的力学性能和击穿场强进行测试。测试结果显示KH550的含量对无机粉体分散情况有较大影响。当KH550含量为2%(质量分数)时,PI/KH550-Al2O3复合薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最优,分别为130 MPa,12%,与PI/Al2O3薄膜相比,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了22.8%,44.5%,击穿场强与其相近。     

WO_(3)/BiVO_(4)复合薄膜的制备及其光电化学性能EI北大核心

导电玻璃作为基底制备WO_(3)纳米片薄膜,通过改变旋涂BiVO_(4)次数,以WO_(3)纳米片薄膜为基底成功制得不同厚度的WO_(3)/BiVO_(4)复合薄膜样品。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析方法对样品进行表征,并对WO_(3)/BiVO_(4)复合薄膜样品进行吸收光谱、光电流、光电催化和交流阻抗测试。结果表明:WO_(3)/BiVO_(4)复合薄膜样品的光电流密度和光电催化降解效率相较于单一WO_(3)纳米薄膜都得到了提高,具有更好的光电化学性能。且旋涂两次BiVO_(4)的WO_(3)/BiVO_(4)复合薄膜样品有最高的光电流密度值(1.79 mA/cm^(2))和光电催化降解效率(约为60.5%),比单一WO_(3)材料的光电流密度(1.30 mA/cm^(2))提高了27.4%,光电催化降解效率也比单一WO_(3)材料的光电催化降解效率(约为47.9%)提升了26.3%,具有最优异的光电化学性能。     

表面处理对第二代单晶高温合金胞状再结晶的影响

对第二代镍基单晶高温合金进行表面处理并在1000～1200℃保温,研究表面加工工艺和热处理条件对胞状再结晶行为的影响.结果表明:磨削、吹砂、喷丸试样热处理后表面均发生了胞状再结晶,其生成厚度依次增加.喷丸试样经1200℃/50h后胞状再结晶区厚度可达0.1mm,晶团之间及与基体之间存在取向差小于5°的小角晶界和35～4...     

生产技术的虚拟世界

对虚拟现实的方法及专用工具作了概述,重点放在一般技术现状以及生产技术的特别潜能,并以磨削刀具为例介绍了虚拟现实的应用。     

New Vitrified Bond Diamond Grinding Wheel for Grinding the Cylinder of Polycrystalline Diamond Compacts

In this work, a kind of new vitrified bond based on Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics was used to bond the diamond grains, which is made into grinding wheel and the cylindrical grinding process of polycrystalline diamond compacts （PDCs） by using the new vitrified bond diamond grinding wheel was discussed. Several factors which influence the properties of grinding wheel such as amount of vitrified bond and the kinds and amount of stuff in grinding wheel were also investigated. It was found that the new vitrified bond can firmly combine diamond grains, when there are only diamonds and vitrified bond in the structure of grinding wheel, the longevity of the grinding wheel is about 2.5-3 times as that of resin bond grinding wheel for processing PDCs. The grinding size precision of PDCs can be improved from 4-0.03 mm to 4-0.01 mm because of larger Young＇s modulus of vitrified bond than resin bond. The grinding time of a PDC product can be 1.75-2.0 min from 3.25-3.5 min, so this kind of grinding wheel can save much time for processing PDCs. Also, there is hardly noise when using this new vitrified bond diamond grinding wheel to process PDCs. The amount of vitrified bond in grinding wheel influences the longevity of grinding wheel. When the size of diamond grains is 90-107 μm, the optimal amount of vitrified bond in grinding wheel is 21% （wt pct）. When the amount of vitrified bond exceeds 21%, there are many pores in grinding block, which will decrease the longevity of grinding wheel. The existence of addition stuff such as Al2O3 or SiC can reduce the longevity of grinding wheel.     

Development of a miniature cryogenic fluid circuit and a cryogenic micropump

This article presents the development of a miniaturized cryogenic fluid circuit for distributed cooling of low-temperature tracking detectors in high-energy physics (HEP). The heart of the circuit is a prototype cryogenic micropump. This volumetric pump is compatible with cooling powers of about 10-100 W, and capable of producing pressure heads of up to around 0.3 MPa. Besides detector and electronics cooling in HEP, potential applications are found in the field of superconductor technology.     

基于VMD-PNN的砂轮钝化声发射检测

在磨削加工过程中,加工刀具即砂轮会发生钝化现象,砂轮表面磨损影响加工精度和工件质量,需要及时检测并修整.磨粒的塑性变形、破碎、断裂等会产生声发射信号,能够作为精确识别砂轮钝化状态的依据,且不易被噪声干扰,因此提出一种基于变分模态分解(Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD)和概率神经网络(...     

滚轮体表面裂纹成因分析

某20CrMnMo钢滚轮体渗碳、淬火后进行磨削时表面发现裂纹,通过对其进行宏观检验、化学成分分析、非金属夹杂物检验以及金相检验,对裂纹产生原因进行了分析。结果表明:该滚轮体表面裂纹属于磨削裂纹;主要是由于刀刃砂粒的不平整以及磨削工艺的不合理导致的。通过改进磨削工艺较好地解决了滚轮体磨削裂纹产生的问题。     

Operation of a TES microcalorimeter cooled by a compact liquid-helium-free He-He dilution refrigerator directly coupled to a Gifford-McMahon cooler

A superconducting transition edge thermosensor (TES) microcalorimeter was irradiated with LX-ray photons emitted by an ²⁴¹Am source maintained at an operating temperature of 120 mK using a compact liquid-helium-free ³He-⁴He dilution refrigerator directly coupled to a Gifford-McMahon (GM) cooler. The first and second stages of the GM cooler were directly coupled to the first and second pre-cool heat exchangers of a stick shaped dilution unit through copper plates in a vacuum chamber. The helium-free dilution refrigerator provided a cooling power of 20 μW at 100 mK. Detection signals of LX-ray photons emitted by the ²⁴¹Am source were observed by operating the TES microcalorimeter in a severe noise environment induced by the mechanical vibrations of the GM cooler.     

新型往复式抛光机磨头创新设计及动力学分析

为了研究大规格瓷砖加工设备,提出一种新型往复式抛光机磨头。从结构原理上继承了摆动式抛光磨头的优势,弥补了存在的缺陷,达到了加工大规格瓷砖的要求。以新型往复式抛光磨头磨块座系统为研究对象,建立力学和动力学模型。得出磨块座系统中动点的运动轨迹是沿着y方向的直线运动,同时分析得出磨块质量小于其他（除磨块以外）质量可以保证新型磨头的结构稳定性。     

Cryogenic propellant liquefaction and storage for a precursor to a human Mars mission

An analysis of cryogenic liquefaction and storage methods for in-situ produced propellants (oxygen and methane) on Mars is presented. The application is to a subscale precursor sample return mission, intended to demonstrate critical cryogenic technologies prior to a human mission. A heat transfer analysis is included, resulting in predicted cryogenic tank surface temperatures and heat leak values for different conditions. Insulation thickness is traded off against cryocooler capacity to find optimum combinations for various insulation configurations, including multilayer insulation and microspheres. Microsphere insulation is shown to have promise, and further development is recommended.     

Accidental release of hydrogen from a cryogenic tank

Liquid hydrogen at 20 K was harmlessly released at Turin’s Porta Susa station over a period of seven hours on 9 July 1991 through the safety valve of a dewar-type tank on a railway wagon following the loss of the vacuum between its two walls. Commercially available programs were unable to model this type of release in the unusual conditions in which this hydrogen had been stored. A model illustrating the course of the accident was therefore worked out. A start was made by examining the changes in the physical and thermodynamic properties of the hydrogen progress in the dewar to find out how long it had taken to build up the pressure needed to open the safety valve.Owing to the complex geometry of the insulating layer in the interspace of the dewar on which the liquefaction of the air took place, the heat exchange coefficient could not be determined a priori. It was therefore assumed and subsequently quantified by means of an iterative process. The thermodynamic data were then used to examine the outflow of the hydrogen from the venting line. Flow dynamic calculations showed that the hydrogen was entirely lost through the safety valve and that pressure losses along the approx. 3-m line were negligible. The model also showed that the speed of the outflow was subsonic. The speed evaluated will enable the dispersion of the hydrogen and hence the areas at risk to be evaluated in the subsequent stages of the study.