钛酸钡/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及其介电性能的研究

钛酸钡/环氧树脂(BaTiO3/EPR)复合材料是最有潜力用于嵌入式电容器的储能介质材料.以不同粒径BaTiO3(BT)与环氧树脂(EPR)复合制备了BaTiO3/EPR复合材料,主要研究了粒径和温度对其介电性能的影响.研究发现复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗均随着温度的升高而升高,这是由环氧树脂基体的膨胀以及BaTiO3的相转变共同引起的.0.1μm的BaTiO3(BT-01)和环氧树脂基体的界面结合力好,组成的复合材料比0.7μm的BaTiO3(BT-07)组成的复合材料介电性能的温度稳定性较好.     

嵌入式电容器用钛酸钡/环氧复合材料性能的研究

将颗粒尺寸分布较宽的钛酸钡(BT)粉末与环氧树脂采用溶液共混旋涂工艺制备了嵌入式电容器材料,并对该复合材料的显微结构、晶相、热稳定性及介电性能进行了分析.研究表明,该复合材料的介电常数及介电损耗与陶瓷相含量和陶瓷粉末的分散有关;在20～150kHz频率范围内,复合材料介电常数的变化较为稳定,而介电损耗值均在0.036～0.039之间,随频率增大略有增大;受BT粒子的影响,复合材料基体聚合物的有序排列分子结构被破坏,环氧树脂分子链的排列密度降低;BT粉末的加入及BT含量的增加均导致材料体系的固化温度和热分解温度提高.     

高性能BaTiO_3/PVDF介电复合材料及其薄膜电容器应用

选用柔性高分子材料聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）作为基体,纳米钛酸钡陶瓷（BaTiO3）作为填充相,采用简单的溶液共混以及流延工艺制备BaTiO3/PVDF薄膜。通过SEM观察了复合材料体系的微观结构,研究了BaTiO3/PVDF介电复合材料的介电性能。把所制备的BaTiO3/PVDF复合材料薄膜（70mm×30mm×25μm...     

填料含量对纳米BaTiO_3/环氧树脂复合体系介电性能的影响

通过采用机械共混法制备纳米BaTiO3/环氧树脂两相复合材料和纳米BaTiO3/环氧树脂/炭黑三相复合材料。观试了纳米BaTiO3/环氧树脂两相复合材料的微观形态、介电常数与介电损耗角正切,以及纳米BaTiO3/环氧树脂/炭黑三相复合材料的介电常数与介电损耗角正切,根据微观结构理论、极化理论以及渗流理论分析了纳米BaTiO3填料含量对纳米BaTiO3/环氧树脂复合材料微观形态和介电性能的影响,及导电相炭黑的加入对该复合体系介电性能的影响。     

聚己内酯/聚硅氧烷/环氧树脂复合体系的形态和耐热性能

利用-OH与-NCO的亲核加成反应,直接合成出端硅氧基封端的聚己内酯-聚二甲基硅氧烷(PCL-TESi/PDMS-TESi).利用合成出的PCL-TESi/PDMS-TESi对环氧树脂进行复合改性,通过sol-gel技术及胺类固化剂与环氧基的交联作用固化复合体系.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、热失重分析(TGA)及在甲苯中的溶胀试验对不同含量的PCL-TESi/PDMS-TESi的复合材料进行了研究.结果表明,随着PCL-TESi/PDMS-TESi含量的增加,体系的交联密度下降.SEM结果表明,此复合体系微观上存在着两相结构,聚己内酯和聚硅氧烷柔性链的引入可显著改善环氧树脂的脆性.当环氧树脂与PCL-TESi/PDMS-TESi以1∶1(质量比)比例复合时,可显著提高体系的耐热性和柔韧性,其5%失重时的热分解温度可达310.2℃,比纯环氧树脂固化体系提高了144.4℃.     

Fe_3O_4气凝胶/超支化环氧化合物/环氧树脂复合材料的固化行为及性能表征

采用非等温差示扫描量热法(DSC)对Fe3O4气凝胶/超支化环氧化合物(EHBP)/环氧树脂(EP)固化体系的固化反应热行为及固化动力学进行了研究。分别利用Kissinger和Ozawa动力学模型计算得到各体系固化反应的表观活化能,并利用Crane模型计算出固化反应级数为一级反应;通过固化体系的DSC数据确定了体系的固化工艺为100℃2h→120℃2h→140℃1.5h;通过确定的工艺参数制备了Fe3O4气凝胶/EHBP/EP复合材料并进行了力学及吸波性能测试。结果表明,添加较低含量的Fe3O4气凝胶填料可保持纯环氧树脂基体的力学性能及低密度,同时在此基础上材料具有吸波性能,当Fe3O4气凝胶质量分数为1%时,Fe3O4气凝胶/EHBP/EP复合材料的拉伸强度为61.67MPa,冲击强度为16.36kJ/m2,密度为1.204g/cm3,8~18GHz的范围内的反射率均小于-10dB。     

树脂基体配比对三维织物夹芯复合材料力学性能的影响

以玻璃纤维为原料,采用改良的三维织造工艺织制三维夹芯织物。以环氧树脂E-51、固化剂聚醚胺H023组成树脂基体,采用手糊成型工艺制备三维织物夹芯复合材料。对三维织物夹芯复合材料的力学性能进行研究,并分析不同树脂基体配比(环氧树脂∶固化剂)为2∶1、3∶1、4∶1时,对复合材料的压缩与弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:树脂基体配比为3∶1时,材料的压缩强度和弯曲强度最大;随着聚醚胺含量的减少,材料的压缩弹性模量和弯曲弹性模量逐渐增大;对比改良前的三维织造工艺与改良后的织造工艺所制备的材料,后者的力学性能优于前者。     

MOCA/环氧树脂体系的固化行为

采用FT-IR、DSC等方法研究了亚甲基双邻氯苯胺(MOCA)/环氧树脂体系的固化行为,并对其固化动力学行为进行了研究。结果表明,体系固化行为与固化温度、固化时间及固化剂的用量有密切关系。其中固化剂的用量以MOCA质量分数在26%~33%为宜。当MOCA含量在28.6%时,最佳固化条件为:由最佳起始固化温度165℃左右缓慢升温到208℃左右恒温固化,最后在258℃左右恒温一段时间使树脂充分固化。其固化反应方程为:-dα/dt=k(1-α)1.15。     

表面官能团化多壁碳纳米管对环氧树脂固化过程的影响

以4,4‘-二胺基二苯砜(DDS)为固化剂,将表面化学修饰的MWNT作为填料加入到环氧树脂中,制备了MWNT/环氧树脂复合材料,采用非等温DSC研究了MWNT对环氧树脂固化过程的影响.结果表明,表面化学修饰的MWNT能促进环氧树脂的固化,降低固化反应的起始温度和峰顶温度;根据Kissinger公式和Crane经验方程推出了固化反应的表观活化能、反应级数、频率因子和速率常数;根据不同升温速率下的DSC固化反应放热曲线确定了固化工艺参数.     

复合材料中碳纤维的铺设方式对吸波性能的影响

实验采用东华大学自制的碳纤维作为吸波剂，在基体环氧树脂中平行排列，制备出了吸波复合材料。采用矢量网络分析仪在2~18GHz波段，对复合材料的吸波性能进行测试。结果表明：复合材料的吸波性能不仅与碳纤维含量有关，还与碳纤维在基体中的排列方式有关，当碳纤维含量为3．2％（质量分数）时，吸波复合材料最大反射衰减为-18．64dB，反射率〈-10dB的频率带宽为2．6GHz，同时采用电磁理论对材料的吸收机理进行了探讨。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...