A comprehensive method for break points finding based on expert system for protection coordination in power systems

Interconnected power systems are multi-loop structured. In such networks, the determination of settings for all overcurrent relays can be carried out in different forms and may be quite complicated. The main problem for coordination is the determination of starting points, i.e. the location of starting relays in the procedure for settings, which is referred to as break points. In this paper, a powerful approach based on expert system is applied. The rules of the expert system include network configuration, protection systems, fault levels, etc. The method is applied to two networks with different configurations, pilot protection and other protection systems. From the obtained results, it is reviled that the new method is efficient, accurate, comprehensive and more optimal than the previously used graph theory.     

电力系统微机保护中改进傅氏算法综合性能研究

介绍了近年来微机保护应用中针对傅氏算法的各种改进算法,着重研究分析了如何滤除衰减直流分量问题,并通过仿真计算,对各种算法的滤波性能,即复现基波分量和各次谐波分量的速度和精度,做了综合比较和评价.     

电力系统微机保护中改进傅氏算法综合性能研究

介绍了近年来微机保护应用中针对傅氏算法的各种改进算法 ,着重研究分析了如何滤除衰减直流分量问题 ,并通过仿真计算 ,对各种算法的滤波性能 ,即复现基波分量和各次谐波分量的速度和精度 ,做了综合比较和评价     

继电保护在线整定系统的探讨

继电保护整定计算是保障现代大型电网安全运行的基础性工作,现有离线整定的模式存在不可避免的缺点。在自适应继电保护系统研究的基础上,该文就继电保护在线整定的概念、在线整定系统的构思以及在线整定的特点进行了探讨。     

继电保护在线整定系统的探讨

继电保护整定计算是保障现代大型电网安全运行的基础性工作,现有离线整定的模式存在不可避免的缺点.在自适应继电保护系统研究的基础上,该文就继电保护在线整定的概念、在线整定系统的构思以及在线整定的特点进行了探讨.     

舰船综合电力系统智能保护方法研究

舰船综合电力系统在保护方面存在若干问题:多种工况导致断路器整定值难以选取;系统分级增多,时间原则下的保护延时大大增加;电缆长度较短,致使相邻两级故障难以区分,基于BP神经网络,提出一种电流、电压有效值作为输入,神经网络识别结果作为输出,并用输出结果来控制断路器的通断,实现舰船综合电力系统故障定位的智能保护方法.介绍PSCAD/EMTDC与C接口原理,对神经网络输入量选取原则及处理方法进行说明,并调用BP神经网络C程序进行了仿真验证,结果表明该智能保护方法是保护舰船综合电力系统,提高舰船战斗力和生命力的有效方法之一.     

一种高压直流输电系统接地极线路保护新方法

针对目前基于信号注入的接地极线路保护方法在某些故障情况下可能出现保护拒动的问题,提出一种基于频带电压幅值积分的接地极线路保护新方法。通过仿真分析发现在高压直流输电系统接地极线路故障后其首端电压频谱会出现明显变化,基于此提出一种利用小波包分析获取接地极线路首端电压不同频带分量,以频带电压幅值积分在一段时间内的变化为保护判据的接地极线路保护方法。基于PSCAD/EMTDC软件的大量仿真结果表明,该方法能有效检测到接地极线路上的各种故障,识别准确性不受过渡电阻的影响,具有良好的应用前景。     

A fast method for identification of symmetrical components for power system protection

This paper presents a novel dynamic technique for identifying and measuring the symmetrical components of three-phase voltage or current waveforms in electrical power systems. The proposed technique is based on stochastic estimation theory. The problem is formulated as an estimation problem and presented in state space form. The algorithm is then used to estimate the active and reactive components of the positive, negative and zero components of unsymmetrical waveforms. The method is tested using practical study cases. Different factors affecting the identification process such as data window size, sampling frequency and number of samples are studied. Effects of bad data on the solution accuracy are also studied. The speed of convergence is examined by changing the estimator initial conditions. The results obtained show that the proposed technique can estimate and track the symmetrical components of non-stationary three-phase unbalance voltage or current waveforms in noisy environments. Fast accurate solutions are guaranteed regardless of the initial conditions. It is also shown that bad measurements have no effect on the final accuracy of the estimation.     

论顺昌片区110 kV电网继电保护整定计算方案

分析了有多条并列运行双回线存在的福建顺昌县电网的结构、设备状况,概括了整定计算的运行方式、主要原则.在对本电网整定过程中遇到的"整定顺序、边界限额、时间级差、末端变定值,开关拒动"等问题,分析了存在的原因,提出有效的应对措施和解决方法.论证了该片电网继电保护整定方案的合理性和可行性.     

双回线并列运行方式对系统及保护定值的要求

对于110 kV及以下电力系统,由于采用双回线并列运行方式,可引起中心变电站的变压器相间后备保护跳变压器开关时间与跳母联开关的时间不配合.在母线保护退出或出线保护(开关)拒动情况下,有可能引起中心变电站整个母线失压.因此整定变压器相间后备保护动作时间,不应简单片面地引用《大型发电机变压器继电保护整定计算导则》,而应结合运行方式,对有双回线并列运行方式的,变压器相间后备保护跳变压器开关时间应按与跳母联开关时间和双回线对端有灵敏度保护动作时间相继动作相配合,避免扩大事故停电范围.     

单元机组协调系统的模型预测控制

单元机组中的锅炉-汽轮机协调系统,具有滞后、耦合、时变以及模型不确定性等特点。针对该协调过程,设计了一种预测控制策略,它利用预测模型与滚动优化策略,减小了模型不确定性、时变以及滞后等因素的影响。最后通过300 MW单元机组协调控制系统的仿真实验,验证了所设计控制算法的性能。结果表明在机组工况发生变化或受到干扰时,被控系统具有快速的负荷适应性、良好的抗扰动能力和很强的鲁棒性,是一种具有实用价值的单元机组协调控制方法。     

双回线并列运行方式对系统及保护定值的要求

对于110kV及以下电力系统,由于采用双回线并列运行方式,可引起中心变电站的变压器相间后备保护跳变压器开关时间与跳母联开关的时间不配合。在母线保护退出或出线保护(开关)拒动情况下,有可能引起中心变电站整个母线失压。因此整定变压器相间后备保护动作时间,不应简单片面地引用《大型发电机变压器继电保护整定计算导则》,而应结合运行方式,对有双回线并列运行方式的,变压器相间后备保护跳变压器开关时间应按与跳母联开关时间和双回线对端有灵敏度保护动作时间相继动作相配合,避免扩大事故停电范围。     

基于改进遗传算法的继电保护定值优化的研究

如何获得一套满足用户期望的、保证整体性能最优的保护定值是当今继电保护整定计算中的研究热点之一.针对不同线路的定时限保护对于配合关系的重要性程度不同,以及保护延时段对于不同约束条件的侧重不同,提出了基于改进遗传算法的继电保护定值优化的算法.利用基于自适应的小生境遗传算法,采用约束区间配合点编码的方法对全电网相间距离保护的Ⅱ段整定计算的优化进行了初步探索,并结合算例进行了算法的验证.     

基于邻近中心算法的无功优化分解协调计算

针对大规模电网无功优化存在的计算速度慢和数据传输瓶颈问题,提出了一种基于邻近中心算法的无功优化分解协调算法.通过邻近函数构造平滑的拉格朗日函数,避免了增广拉格朗日函数的不可分问题;通过最优梯度更新拉格朗日乘子,大幅减少了迭代次数,并且可以直接确定平滑参数等计算所用参数,仅需要通信交换边界节点和拉格朗日乘子信息即可实现全网无功优化的分解协调计算.算例结果表明,所提算法可以有效提高全网无功优化的计算效率,并且与基于辅助问题原理的分解协调算法相比,其收敛速度更快、计算效率更高.     

A new coordination strategy of SSSC and PSS controllers in power system using SOA algorithm based on Pareto method

Along with the development of power grids and increasing the use of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices, complex and unexpected interactions will be increased in power system. With considering to the non-linearity of power system, operating point changes and reaction between power system and FACTS devices, using of linear methods are not suitable for controller design. Therefore, the nonlinear model to design of Power System Stabilizer (PSS) and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) coordinated controllers is considered here. In this paper, a new multi-objective function as an optimization problem is proposed for this coordination process. Also a beneficial strategy to solve this optimization problem using Seeker Optimization Algorithm (SOA) based on Pareto optimum method with high convergence speed is presented. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, coordination strategy is applied on a four-machine system under different contingencies. The results of the proposed multi-objective function are obtained and compared with others in this system and finally, superior ability of the proposed method is observed.     

Expert system for protection coordination of distribution system with distributed generators

Distributed or dispersed generation may cause various complexities to the operation of distribution system. Therefore, it is of interest to propose an expert system for protection coordination of distribution system under the presence of distributed generators. The expert system employs knowledge base and inference process to improve coordination settings of protective devices in order to accommodate the penetration of distributed generators. The expert system feeds input data by using graphical user interface and develops coordination settings based on power flow and short-circuit analyses. The expert system has been developed and successfully tested with a 22-kV distribution system with multiple distributed generations.     

基于改进遗传算法的继电保护定值优化的研究

如何获得一套满足用户期望的、保证整体性能最优的保护定值是当今继电保护整定计算中的研究热点之一。针对不同线路的定时限保护对于配合关系的重要性程度不同,以及保护延时段对于不同约束条件的侧重不同,提出了基于改进遗传算法的继电保护定值优化的算法。利用基于自适应的小生境遗传算法,采用约束区间配合点编码的方法对全电网相间距离保护的II段整定计算的优化进行了初步探索,并结合算例进行了算法的验证。     

Upgrading power system protection

Georgia-Pacific's Broadway Street Paper Mill in Green Bay,Wisconsin, is resolving an arc-flash hazard (AFH) problem by installing microprocessor (μP) bus-differential relays on medium-voltage switchgear and selectively replacing electromechanical (EM) overcurrent relays with μP relays. In addition to providing critical bus-differential protection, the μP relays will provide analog and digital communications for operator monitoring and control via the power-plant distributed control system (DCS) and will be ultimately used as the backbone to replace an aging hardwired load-shedding system.     

基于人工免疫算法的小电流接地故障选线

小电流接地系统的单相接地故障选线问题一直没有得到很好的解决,通常采用的单一故障选线方法如小波变换法、五次谐波电流法和零序电流有功分量法等只能对部分故障信息进行处理,选线可靠性不高,因此提出了基于人工免疫算法的小电流接地故障选线方法.利用小波包变换和FFT算法提取零序电流的暂态、五次谐波和有功分量故障特征作为免疫系统的抗原,利用训练样本对该免疫系统训练后得到记忆集,利用抗原和记忆集的亲合度实现故障选线.ATP仿真结果表明该方法得出的选线结果具有较高的精度和较强的鲁棒性.     

地区电网继电保护仿真智能系统

针对当前继电保护整定计算与分析软件存在的不足,建立了一套供继电保护工作人员交互进行电网故障分析与继电保护整定、仿真的智能系统。该系统以数据库为核心,运用先进的可视化编程技术、面向对象技术、计算机图形处理技术和模块化思想,通过地区电网继电保护与短路计算一体化,图形、数据及动作仿真关联一体化的建立,实现了地区电网继电保护整定与智能仿真相结合的综合设计。该系统的使用提高了继电保护整定值的可信度,保证继电保护装置满足选择性、速动性、可靠性和安全性的要求。