高分辨率遥感影像中的云阴影去除

文章提出了一种人机交互的半自动云阴影去除算法。首先通过人机交互半自动方式将图像分割为云区域、阴影区域、清晰地物区域以及过渡区域四个部分,然后通过将云阴影区域的直方图映射到清晰区域来对阴影区域灰度进行补偿,最后对边界进行后处理得到一幅过渡平滑的去除了云阴影的图像。实验结果表明,该方法对高分辨率遥感影像中的云阴影去除是有效的。     

基于 L0 范数平滑和图像分割的 CT 图像阴影校正技术研究

锥束CT的图像阴影问题严重影响了其CT值精度、低对比度目标的检测能力及剂量计算的准确性,限制了锥束CT在临床上广泛应用.为了消除图像阴影,文章首先对原始CT图像进行多阈值的图像分割,把骨骼和软组织分离并赋予标准的CT值得到模版图像;然后,利用L0范数平滑算法对原始CT图像进行边缘保护平滑,得到去除图像纹理信息的平滑图像,之后两幅图像做差后利用低通滤波即可得到图像阴影分布;最后把估计的阴影分布补偿至原始图像,得到阴影校正图像.实验发现校正后的感兴趣区域的CT误差由大于115HU下降至小于13HU,整体图像非均匀度由大于9％下降至小于1％.实验结果表明,基于L0范数平滑和图像分割的CT图像阴影校正方法可以有效地校正CT图像阴影,具有一定的临床应用价值.     

一种结合灰度特征的月面撞击坑提取方法

针对利用撞击坑辅助完成探测器的定位、导航任务的问题,提出了一种基于图像灰度特征的撞击坑自动提取方法。首先采用灰度梯度统计的方法获取影像的光照方向,然后采用双阈值分割方法将影像分为阴影区、高亮区和其他3种区域,并以分割结果中的阴影区为种子点,光照方向作为约束条件,搜索其对应的高亮区,完成响应区域搜索,最终通过边缘拟合得到撞击坑形态。采用我国探月影像和美国LRO影像进行了实验,结果表明对于不同光照条件下的影像,该文的方法都具有较高的搜索率和抗噪性,为后续深空探测任务的着陆任务及着陆区的高精度重建等研究打下良好的基础。     

园林景观设计中融合SVM的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取研究

为提高园林景观设计中高分辨率遥感影像道路提取的精度及效果,提出一种融合SVM的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取方法。该方法首先结合Mean Shift算法与数学形态学运算(简称MS-MMO)进行影像阴影提取;再根据阴影提取结果对原始影像阴影区域进行亮度补偿后输入SVM,得到初步提取的道路图像;然后利用高斯滤波算法进行图像平滑处理,利用边缘滤波、纹理滤波等算法去除图像中的非道路区域,得到道路区域提取图;最后基于张量投票提取道路中心线,基于“交点”搜索方法去除道路中心线上的毛刺,完成道路提取。实验结果表明,MS-MMO的具有较好的阴影提取精度及效果;根据MS-MMO输出的阴影提取结果对原始影像阴影区域进行亮度补偿后,道路提取的整体性能更高;融合SVM的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取方法提取的道路完整性、正确性、质量分别达到92.4%、92.7%、89.0%,道路提取性能较好,且道路具有连通属性,在该方法提取的道路图像上进行园林景观设计,可有效提升道路植物配置效果。     

基于MODIS NDVI的LandsatTM影像地形阴影区光谱信息恢复方法研究

遥感为获取山区生态环境与资源信息提供了重要的观测手段。然而受地形遮蔽影响,山区光学影像大量的地形阴影给山区土地覆被解译以及生态参量的遥感反演带来了巨大困难。针对地形阴影光谱信息的恢复,提出了一种基于MODIS NDVI的Landsat TM影像地形阴影区光谱信息恢复方法。该方法首先利用MODIS上午、下午星(Terra和Aqua)不同时间过境能够对地形阴影区信息实现互补的特点,采用最大值合成法合成MODIS上、下午星16dNDVI产品(MOD13Q1和MYD13Q1),获得低空间分辨率影像上的阴影区光谱信息;在此基础上,考虑MODIS与Landsat的观测角度、光谱差异,设置滑动窗口及筛选规则提取MODIS与TM影像相匹配的同质纯像元;基于中、低空间分辨率影像中均匀同质像元存在一定统计关系的假设,进一步建立同质区域中TM影像光照区域与对应MODIS NDVI的回归树模型,利用该统计关系和阴影区MODIS的NDVI信息推导得出地形阴影区的光谱信息。将阴影光谱信息恢复后的影像与SCS+C校正后的影像进行比较和分析,结果表明该方法恢复得到的地形阴影的光谱信息能够更好地反映阴影区信息,同时光谱保真程度较好。随着越来越多的中高空间分辨率卫星影像的发展,采用多源卫星数据进行山地地形阴影区信息恢复将成为一个新的发展趋势,该方法以期为同类影像处理提供参考。     

基于插值的遥感图像超分辨率重建

利用卫星对地观测的特点,容易得到同一地区的多幅多时相的遥感影像.这些影像提供了不同角度对地观测的数据,影像之间存在着互补性的信息.本文中提出了利用插值进行超分辨率重建的简单算法,首先对不同的遥感影像进行运动参数估计.进行图像配准.然后将低分辨率的遥感影像投影到高分辨率的网格上以获得超分辨率重建后的影像.重建后的图像的目视效果较好,图像的平均值、标准差及信息熵等对比效果有所提高.     

基于小波分析的多源图像融合去云技术研究

云干扰是遥感图像解译过程中常遇到的问题。在介绍几种常用于多传感器遥感图像去云方法的基础上,采用多分辨力小波分解的图像融合法来达到对影像的去云目的。仿真结果表明:这种方法对多源或多时相影像进行融合处理,能较好地完成云区或阴影区域的填充与更新,达到了去云的效果。     

不完全投影数据图像重建的ART算法研究

ART算法是一种经典的图像重建方法,适合于不完全投影数据重建。为了提高重建速度,通常对权因子进行简化,其结果是在重建图像中普遍存在椒盐噪声。提出了一种改善重建质量的方法,在每次迭代后对重建图像进行有选择的平滑,将平滑结果作为下一次迭代的初值,其特点是将图像处理和图像重建相结合。仿真实验表明该方法非常有效,不但提高了重建质量,而且克服了利用Box模板进行平滑所造成的图像模糊现象。     

基于PCA与HIS模型的高分辨率遥感影像阴影检测研究

根据高分辨率遥感影像阴影区域的性质,基于主成分变换和HIS模型,提出一种检测阴影的阴影指数SI(Shadow Index)。选取两个试验区,分别采用Polidorio算法、归一化阴影指数(NDUI)和SI进行阴影检测和比较分析,结果表明SI能够有效地区分阴影区域与水体和偏蓝色地物。提取3种算法的直方图得出,SI图像的直方图具有两个波峰一个波谷形状,能够更好地采用直方图阈值法分割阴影区和非阴影区。实验表明该方法简单有效。     

一种基于证据理论与神经网络的遥感影像分类方法

把影像的空间信息融入分类决策，提出了一种基于证据理论与神经网络的遥感影像分类方法。对原图像作平滑处理．得到原图像的平滑图像；利用神经网络对原图像及其平滑图像分别进行训练、分类；利用证据理论对它们的分类结果(决策)进行融合；最后，把融合结果(决策)作为原图像的最终分类结果。实验结果与性能比较表明．新方法是有效的．提高了影像的分类精度。     

Object-based land cover classification of shaded areas in high spatial resolution imagery of urban areas: A comparison study

A significant proportion of high spatial resolution imagery in urban areas can be affected by shadows. Considerable research has been conducted to investigate shadow detection and removal in remotely sensed imagery. Few studies, however, have evaluated how applications of these shadow detection and restoration methods can help eliminate the shadow problem in land cover classification of high spatial resolution images in urban settings. This paper presents a comparison study of three methods for land cover classification of shaded areas from high spatial resolution imagery in an urban environment. Method 1 combines spectral information in shaded areas with spatial information for shadow classification. Method 2 applies a shadow restoration technique, the linear-correlation correction method to create a “shadow-free” image before the classification. Method 3 uses multisource data fusion to aid in classification of shadows. The results indicated that Method 3 achieved the best accuracy, with overall accuracy of 88%. It provides a significantly better means for shadow classification than the other two methods. The overall accuracy for Method 1 was 81.5%, slightly but not significantly higher than the 80.5% from Method 2. All of the three methods applied an object-based classification procedure, which was critical as it provides an effective way to address the problems of radiometric difference and spatial misregistration associated with multisource data fusion (Method 3), and to incorporate thematic spatial information (Method 1).     

Evaluation of atmospheric correction to airborne hyperspectral data relying on radiative transfer concepts

Physically based atmospheric correction is one of the most important but also perilous radiometric corrections in remote-sensing imagery. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of atmospheric correction algorithms, based not only on quantification of the changes induced but also on a step-by-step interpretation of the results, in association with the radiative transfer (RT) processes that occur in the atmosphere and on Earth. A four-level atmospheric correction scheme was applied to airborne hyperspectral visible/near-infrared (VNIR) imagery and the performance was evaluated. Each atmospheric correction level was more numerous than the previous following adjunctive assessment of the following parameters: (1) atmospheric influence, (2) the adjacency effect, (3) cast shadows, and (4) effects induced by the Earth’s surface reflectance anisotropy. Performance assessment showed that, even though a more complex atmospheric correction scheme resembles in greater detail the conditions under which the image acquisition was carried out, it is more sensitive to restrictions that arise from either the sensor’s characteristics or the algorithms and data used. Moreover, it was shown that evaluating atmospheric correction results using criteria based on RT concepts can considerably assist in the evaluation process.     

结合多尺度分割和形态学运算的高分辨率遥感影像阴影检测

目的 针对阴影在高分辨率遥感影像的特性,提出了一种多尺度分割和形态学运算相结合的阴影检测方法。方法 基于面向对象思想,首先利用均值漂移法实现影像分割生成对象,并以对象为基本单元分别进行形态学膨胀和腐蚀运算,从而获得面向对象的阴影指数;然后对影像进行多尺度分割,生成阴影指数矢量;最后对阴影指数矢量和亮度均值分别指定高低阈值,进而获得阴影检测结果。结果 选取高分二号和Google earth影像进行实验,采用误检率、漏检率和总错误率3个指标进行定量分析,并将实验结果与结合多特征法和形态学阴影指数法进行比较。在阴影检测定量精度分析中,相比于对比方法,本文方法的误检率偏高,但漏检率平均降低了7.31%;在建筑物阴影检测实验中,本文方法的漏检率同样下降了4.5个百分点;在多尺度效果融合分析中,本文方法在多组尺度组合下,各项精度指标均较理想;在阴影压盖地物实验中,3种方法的误检情况差异不大,但本文方法的漏检率得到较大改善,其下降程度平均达到了19.29%。结论 本文提出的阴影检测方法具备一定的抗干扰能力,适用性强,可靠性高。     

Landsat 8 Data Mountain Shadow Removal based onBrightness Recovering Model

Mountain region in remotely sensed imagery are usually covered by shadows，which reduce the accuracy of information extraction.Therefore，in this paper a method based on intensity restoration is putting forward necessarily.First，Shadow Detection (SD) was constructed by the Max function and the band ratio to identify shadows.Thus，mountain shadows were extracted combined with the slope factor and SD，through the grid randomly arranged verification point verification accuracy.Second，the intensity curve model of the shadow area was fitted by ground data of the shadow and the transition rules of pixel intensity from the shadow to non\|shaded area.Third，the intensity restoration model was established by the derivative function of intensity curve to remove shadows.The results of the model on Changting Landsat 8 imagery indicated the extraction accuracy of the mountain shadow was 99.06% and the Kappa coefficient was 98%；According to the cluster analysis，the restoration and non\|shaded samples were the same type；Processed by the intensity restoration model，the average intensity of the shadow was increased by 13%，and the standard deviation was reduced by 80% and the clustering distances was reduced by 96%.respectively，average intensity of the shadow increased by 6.7%，the standard deviation was reduced by 73.7% and the clustering distances was reduced by 88.3% when compared with ATCOR_3，and average intensity of the shadow reduced by 1.8%，the standard deviation was increased by 6.7% and the clustering distances was reduced by 90% when compared with unitary linear restoration model.In the process of removing the mountain shadows，the intensity restoration method is neither replacing the shaded pixels nor interference with non\|shaded pixels and could preserve the spectral and intensity characteristics of shaded pixels better.  ；     

基于ERDAS IMAGINE进行ETM影像几何精校正研究-以新疆阿热勒托别地区为例

介绍了利用ERDAS IMAGINE对新疆阿热勒托别地区ETM影像进行几何精校正的方法:先利用ArcGIS对地形图进行坐标配准,然后进行几何粗校正,最后进行几何精校正。通过对校正结果的误差分析并与该地区矢量图比较可知:该方法的校正精度可达到一个像元以内,可以满足工作要求。     

基于邻域总变分和势直方图函数的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取

针对现在的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物识别与提取方法存在的准确率低及数据要求严格等问题,提出一种基于邻域总变分（NTV）和势直方图函数（PHF）的方法。首先,计算遥感影像各像元的加权邻域总变分似然函数取值,并进行区域生长分割,将矩形度和长宽比作为约束条件提取候选建筑物;然后,进行阴影自动提取;最后,利用数学形态学对阴影进行处理,计算处理后的阴影和候选建筑物之间的邻接关系得到建筑物,并用最小外接矩形对其边界进行拟合。为了验证所提算法的有效性,选取深圳市PLEIADES影像中9幅具有代表性的子影像进行实验。实验结果表明,所提方法的平均查准率和平均查全率分别达到97.71%和84.21%,与水平集和基于颜色不变性特征两种建筑物提取方法相比,在总体性能F₁上具有10%以上的提高。     

卫星遥感影像数据的地形影响校正

地形影响校正是遥感影像辐射校正的主要内容，是获得地表真实反射率的必不可少的一步。本文提出的方法中，将6S大气校正模型与数字高程模型（DEM）结合起来，计算出水平地面上接收到的直接辐射与漫射辐射，并采用一个简单公式将其转化到地形坡面上，从而实现了对地面的辐射能量校正，同时，6S模型对卫片还进行了大气改正，可输出卫片在大气层底部的辐射亮度与反射率；然后将基于坡面的反射率换算到其在水平面上的对应值，即实现了对反射率的地形影响校正。在我们所实施的“滇金丝猴保护项目”的植被研究中，应用本方法对梅里雪山区域的ETM＋影像进行了校正，大大减小了地形对遥感数据的附加影响。     

Mapping glacial lakes partially obscured by mountain shadows for time series and regional mapping applications

Mountain shadows in optical satellite images complicate the mapping of glacial lakes. Due to the rugged topography in periglacial alpine regions, many glacial lakes, especially smaller lakes, are partially shaded by mountain shadows in remotely sensed images. Shadows not only reduce the accuracy of lake mapping but also make changes in lake area hard to detect. In this paper, the characteristics of mountain shadows in remotely sensed imagery are explored, and their spatial relationships with regards to glacial lakes are modelled. Building on the previously developed Glacial Lakes Iterative Local Mapping (GLILM) method, a new water mapping approach is presented. The new method utilizes log-transformed spectral data and a normalized difference water index, NDWI_blue, for delineating the boundaries of lakes within shadowed regions. The application of this approach is explored within the context of mapping lakes across space and time using Landsat images in the glacially dominated Tianshan mountainous of Central Asia. The results demonstrate that glacial lakes, both in sunlit and in shaded areas, can be mapped reliably, and that the results are useful for lake change analysis studies.     

Evaluation of high-resolution,true-colour,aerial imagery for mapping bathymetry in a clear-water river without ground-based depth measurements

This study evaluates the potential of the hydraulically assisted bathymetry (HAB-2) model coupled with true-colour, three-band, aerial imagery to map bathymetry in the clear-water McKenzie River, Oregon, USA, in the absence of ground-based depth measurements. It is the most rigorous test of the HAB-2 model to date. Correlation-coefficient (r ²) values for sonar depths versus modelled depths are 0.40 for 2007, 10 cm resolution imagery. Overall depth trends follow those of sonar data, except in areas where there are shadows, riffles or obstructions that block the view of the river (e.g. overhanging trees, bridges). Low-pass filtering of the image to remove film granularity does little to improve the results, although an Olympic filter improves the r ² value from 0.40 to 0.48. The moderate fit of the model results to sonar data in 2007 may also result from the 28–39 day gap between sonar and image acquisition, during which time, the discharge changed. HAB-2 depth estimates for the 2008 0.5 m imagery fit the depth measurements more closely (r ² = 0.89). The better fit may reflect the collection of ground and image data at approximately the same time and discharge, as well as coarser spatial resolution, which created less sensitivity to changes in substrate size and colour. The results suggest that the best depth-estimate results for the HAB-2 model are for depths ranging from 0.25 and 1.5 m. Use of digital imagery collected with digital cameras should also improve accuracies. Results indicate that the HAB-2 is useful for characterizing the approximate depths throughout the river channel if one avoids shadows, riffles and obstructions.     

Essential secret image sharing scheme with the same size of shadows

Secret image sharing is a method to decompose a secret image into shadow images (shadows) so that only qualified subset of shadows can be used to reconstruct the secret image. Usually all shadows have the same importance. Recently, an essential SIS (ESIS) scheme with different importance of shadows was proposed. All shadows are divided into two group: essential shadows and non-essential shadows. In reconstruction, the involved shadows should contain at least a required number of shadows, including at least a required number of essential shadows. However, there are two problems in previous ESIS scheme: unequal size of shadows and concatenation of sub-shadow images. These two problems may lead to security vulnerability and complicate the reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a novel ESIS scheme based on derivative polynomial and Birkhoff interpolation. A single shadow with the same-size is generated for each essential and non-essential participant. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme can avoid above two problems effectively.