使用输出分组和电路可满足性的等价性验证算法

介绍了一种使用电路可满足性解算器的组合电路等价性验证算法．对包含多输出的复杂验证问题,首先对联接电路作输出分组,将等价性验证问题转化为包含若干个组的电路可满足性问题,继而使用电路解算器解决问题．同时,注意各个子问题间的有用隐含信息的共享,减小了SAT推理的搜索空间．实验结果表明,该算法是实用有效的．     

带黑盒组合电路的等价性验证

为了在早期阶段发现电路设计错误,需要对包含未知部分的实现电路和规范电路进行等价性验证.本文提出了一种"分而治之"的方法,把电路划分成若干子电路,使用四值逻辑模拟技术对电路未知部分进行量化,然后对子电路的合取范式进行可满足性验证.这种方法增强了算法的错误检测能力,通过在ISCAS'85基准电路和10个简单组合电路上得到的两组实验数据表明了此算法的有效性和可行性.     

基于电路拓扑结构分析的等价性验证方法

随着集成电路设计规模的日益增大,结合多种推理引擎已成为组合电路形式化等价性验证的重要手段.提出一种基于电路拓扑结构分析的组合等价性验证方法,将电路的拓扑结构与验证算法的复杂性关联起来.在验证过程开始之前,利用min-cut方法计算表征电路复杂性的"电路宽度",以确定最佳的推理引擎,避免了传统的引擎切换过程,提高了算法的效率.针对ISCAS85电路的实验结果表明了该方法的效率和可行性.     

一个适于形式验证的ATPG引擎

自动测试产生(ATPG)不仅应用于芯片测试向量生成，也是芯片设计验证的重要引擎之一．提出了一种组合电路测试产生的代数方法，既可作为组合验证的ATPG引擎，又可用于通常的测试产生．该算法充分发挥了二叉判决图(BDD)及布尔可满足性(SAT)的优势，通过启发式策略实现SAT算法与BDD算法的交替，防止因构造BDD可能导致的内存爆炸，而且使用增量的可满足性算法，进一步提高了算法的效率．实验结果表明了该算法的可行性和有效性．     

基于BDD的组合电路等价性检验

本文分析了基于BDD的组合电路等价性检验；讨论了构造输出函数的二叉判定图BDD的不同方法，并分析了BDD间布尔操作的不同的算法的异同；然后给出了一种基于BDD的组合电路等价性检验方法。     

利用FAN算法进行组合电路的等价性检验

讨论了组合电路的等价性检验方法,分析了FAN算法的关键技术。利用该算法进行了组合电路的等价性检验,实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

时序电路等价性检验中的存储元素映射方法研究

随着集成电路规模越来越大,系统的功能日益复杂,功能验证已成为整个设计流程的瓶颈.对于大规模的时序电路,传统基于状态空间遍历的等价性检验方法可能会遇到内存爆炸问题.为了降低等价性检验方法的复杂度,提高验证效率和处理大规模电路的能力,通常需要构造两个被验证电路的存储元素映射之间的映射关系,从而将时序电路等价性检验问题转化为组合电路等价性检验问题.较全面地介绍了时序电路等价性检验的基本方法及其研究进展,讨论了基于存储元素映射的时序电路等价检验方法的基本思想,并介绍了若干具有代表性的存储元素映射方法,展望了集成电路等价检验方法的研究发展方向.     

通用CPU设计验证中的等价性检验方法

针对传统的模拟验证方法需要大量的时间且难以获得完全的覆盖率的局限性,提出了目前应用最广泛的一种形式验证方法——等价性检验在一款通用CPU设计验证中的应用方案,包括寄存器传输级(RTL)设计与门级网表、门级网表与门级网表、RTL设计与RTL设计之间的功能等价性验证．此外,给出了验证过程中一些常见问题的解决办法．验证结果表明了该方法的可行性,显著地减少了门级模拟的时间．     

使用逻辑锥分割的组合电路等价性验证

为了提高等价性验证在数字电路中的验证效率,提出一种逻辑锥分割和可满足性相结合的方法。通过划分规则把参照电路和实现电路划分成若干个逻辑锥,利用匹配技术对两者的逻辑锥进行匹配,将已匹配的两个逻辑锥的输出用一个异或门连接,从而得到Miter电路,将该结构转换成相应的合取范式,用可满足性引擎来验证Miter电路是否功能等价。在ISCAS’85基准电路的实验结果表明该方法的可行性。     

组合电路等价性检验方法研究

分析了数字电路等价性检验方法的基本原理，对组合电路等价性检验方法进行了综合研究，讨论了各种方法的特点，指出了各种方法的优缺点及其适用场合，总结了组合电路等价性检验方法的发展规律，指出了未来的发展方向。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。