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试井分析中，外边界封闭问题是一大类重要问题，国内外以前的著述，对均质情况讨论较多，且有严格的理论解，但对于双重介质封闭地问题讨论较少，为此，文章在考虑了表皮和井筒储存效应后，建立了较严格的水平，等厚、圆形封闭的双得介质地层，中心一口井，开井生产井底压力变化的有效井径数学模型，并导出了拉氏空间解。此解在外边界圆半径趋于无穷时，便自然成了双重介质无穷地层时的解，当ω＝１时，又成为了均质地层时的解。因此     

变形双重介质煤层气拟稳态渗流问题

在研究变形双重介质煤层气渗流问题的压力动态特征时,不仅考虑了煤层的双重介质特征和煤层气的吸附特征,而且考虑了介质的变形,还引入渗透率模数建立了变形双重介质拟稳态渗流的定产量内边界的无限大地层及有限封闭地层的数学模型。渗透率依赖于孔隙压力变化的流动方程是强非线性的。对于双重介质拟稳态渗流的数学模型采用直接隐式差分法进行离散,用Newton迭代法求解离散后的非线性方程组,获得了无限大地层及有界封闭地层的双重介质拟稳态渗流模型的数值解。讨论了变形参数和双重介质参数变化时压力的变化规律,给出了不同情况下的典型压力曲线图。这些结果为油田开发提供了理论依据和试井方法。     

青西油田油藏模型特征

在青西油藏的完井地层测试中，所测资料绘成的双对数及导数曲线，分别表现出无限大均质油藏，双重介质油藏，底水影响下的双重介质油藏，正方形封闭边界油藏，三重介质油藏及相重分布油藏等模型特征。结合实例，对现场所涉及到的试井油藏模型及其特征作了阐述，为现场资料的精确解释提供了指导。     

单一介质、双重介质天然气藏含致密低渗透层越流问题的精确解

本文建立了单一介质、双重介质的两个渗透气层被一个致密低渗透层隔开,在上渗透层开采的理想天然气和真实天然气越流问题的数学模型,求得无穷大地层的精确解和矿场实用的长时潮近解,借以进行单一介质、双重介质气藏单井、多井的压力恢复曲线、垂向干扰试井、垂向脉冲试井的解释分析。     

封闭地层干扰试井分析的新理论图版

针对封闭外边界地层条件下的干扰试井分析问题，建立了内边界定产外边界圆形封闭的试井理论模型，绘制了新的理论图版。新理论图版表明，不稳态早期压力变化与原理论图版(无界地层线源解)相同；不稳定期和拟稳定期其压力变化与原理论图版产生差别，新理论图版压力变化曲线出现上翘，上翘时间与观察井到边界距离有关。该理论图版除了可以得到原来可以得到的参数以外，还可得到边界距离。     

双孔介质有界地层试井分析模型及样版曲线

前人对无穷地层双孔介质试井分析模型已有详细论述,但实际油气藏多为有限油气藏;为了更真实地反映实际油气藏的情况,在前人工作的基础上,从油气藏实际边界条件出发,首次推导出了双孔介质有界地层有效井径模型,包括外边界封闭和外边界定压,共获得12个数学模型.由于有效井径模型实现了参数集团化,因而极其便于制作现代试井分析样版曲线,主模型的统一性,更简化了试井分析软件研制.这些数学模型及研究成果,进一步补充、完善了试井分析理论并在现场推广应用,取得了非常满意的效果.     

不稳定试井边界效应分析

不稳定试井的晚期资料分析是试井资料解释中的一个难点.本文分析了产生边界效应的原因,地层存在不渗透边界、远处物性变差、用自喷井方法解释非自喷井资料、用常产量方法解释产量递减的自喷井资料、井筒效应掩盖了代表最高渗透介质的直线段的双重介质地层或物性存在很大差异的连通多层合试,均可产生所谓的不渗透边界效应,地层中存在定压边界、远处物性变好、用常产量方法分析产量递增的压力恢复资料、生产时间不足,只显示二段式的双重介质地层或物性存在很大差异的连通多层合试均可产生所谓的定压边界效应.     

四川盆地宜宾嘉陵江组气藏试井分析

经收集、解释宜宾潜伏构造嘉陵江组气藏7井次的试井和测压资料，总结出了几种不同类型双对数导数曲线，反映出该构造储层具有均质、垂直裂缝和双重介质等多种地质模型及无穷、断层等不同的边界模型。通过分析不稳定试井曲线类型，用动态的方法认识地质特征，为四川盆地宜宾嘉陵江组气藏的勘探和开发提供一些帮助。     

非均质复合气藏试井模型及压力特征研究

针对苏里格气藏非均质性严重的实际情况,建立了既考虑表皮效应、井筒存储效应的影响,又考虑气藏地层特性及地层厚度变化的适合其气藏特征的三区不等厚横向非均质复合气藏试井解释模型,求出了无限大和封闭边界两种典型外边界条件下的气藏拟压力解,并绘制了井底压降典型曲线,就各参数对典型曲线的影响进行了分析。利用此模型对气井实际试井资料进行了解释,解释结果与实际情况相符。     

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文章针对油气田钻井、完井、开采过程中井周围产生污染带以及地层本身的非均质情况，建立了考虑表皮效应和井筒储存的双重介质复合油气藏模型，通过拉氏变换，求解和数值反演，给出该问题的现代试井样板曲线。文章分析了多种因素对在压力动态特征的影响，提出该模型可用于四川裂缝型气藏的现代试井分析。     

PETROLEUM PROSPECTS OF CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS OF THE CAMBAY BASIN, GUJARAT, INDIA

The Cambay Basin in the NW part of the Indian Peninsula is a commercial petroleum producer from Tertiary sediments resting on the basic lava flows known as Deccan Traps. Cretaceous sediments which underlie the Deccan Traps are exposed in the eastern and western margins of the basin and are also encountered in the subsurface. The paleogeographic reconstruction of the Cambay Basin suggests that the northern part, possessing a thin cover of Cretaceous sediments, has meagre petroleum prospects. However, the southern part of the basin, where more than 1,000 m of Cretaceous sediments were deposited by two independent drainage systems, may be more lucrative. Suitable facies for generation and accumulation of petroleum are expected in this part of the basin.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGES OF SHIELDS, DIPS OF ADJACENT SEDIMENTARY BASEMENTS, AND OCCURRENCE OF OIL AND GAS

Crystalline shields can become stable at different times. This stability is commonly marked by the end of magmatism and compressive deformation and the beginning of deposition of platformal sedimentary sequences. The margins of the shields are then the basements for undeformed sediments that dip away from the exposed crystalline rocks. Dips of basements on shield margins directly underlying Phanerozoic sediments have been determined in seven areas in which the margin has not been altered by rifting or other tectonic activity. The adjacent shields have stabilization ages ranging from more than 3,000 m.y. to 600 m.y. The basement dips (tilts) increase progressively from about 3 m/km for older shields to 16 m/km adjacent to the youngest shield (the Nubian-Arabian shield). These tilts can only approximately be recalculated into uplift rates of the shields or subsidence rates of their margins. The dips are, however, consistent with Phanerozoic uplift rates of Archean cratons of less than 5 m/m.y., or comparable subsidence rates of the margins; such low uplift rates could be caused almost wholly by erosion and isostatic adjustment. Younger shields have undergone some other, as yet unidentified, process that causes more rapid uplift. The higher dips of basements around younger shields apparently promote the development of thick sections of mildly-deformed Phanerozoic sediments. Sequences of this type are commonly favorable for accumulation of commercial concentrations of oil and gas. A correlation has been found between age of shield, basement dip, and hydrocarbon occurrence around the western edge of the Canadian shield and the northern edge of Africa. The data show that oil and gas are more abundant in Phanerozoic sediments adjacent to younger shields, which supports the common observation that the world's largest hydrocarbon accumulation (the Arabian Gulf) is adjacent to the world's youngest shield (the Nubian-Arabian shield). This criterion for hydrocarbon accumulation may be of some value in exploration of little-known areas. For example, basements of different ages occur adjacent to the overthrust belt of the northern Rockies, and the generally-young age of Precambrian basement in the eastern US may indicate considerable thickness of sediment under crystalline thrusts in the Appalachians. Different ages of shields in different parts of China may also have broadly affected sedimentary patterns in that country.     

PETROLOGY, PROVENANCE, AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE RESERVOIR SANDSTONES OF OSSU-IZOMBE OILFIELD, IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Upper Eocene immature subarkoses derived from Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, older granites and metamorphic rocks, form the reservoir sandstones of the Ossu-Izombe oilfield, Imo State, Nigeria. These sandstones accumulated as part of a deltaic deposit. The vertical section of deltaic facies consists, from base to top, of a progradational sequence (prodelta and delta front), an aggradational unit (delta plain, marsh and interdistributary bay), and an overlying transgressive shallow marine interval. This sequence was penetrated by nearly all of the 15 wells drilled in the area. Reservoir sandstones are present within the distributary mouth bars, point bars, braided stream deposits, and the shallow marine interval.
Thin section studies, electric-log analyses, and data from modern deltas have aided in establishing the environments of deposition of these sandstone bodies. The principal results of this study are: (1) the basal C sandstone represents distributary mouth bar sands deposited at water depths of about 10 m; (2) the intermediate B group consist of point bar and distributary channel sandstone deposits of the lower delta plain; (3) the A-2 sandstone tops the deltaic cycle as a product of braided streams; and (4) a shallow marine deposit, the A-1.1 and A-1 sandstones, occurs at the top of the deltaic cycle.     

HEAVY METALS AND PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF EL SUKHNA AREA, GULF OF SUEZ, EGYPT

The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), total organic carbon (%TOC) and petroleum related heavy metals beside the grain size distribution of El Sukhna area, Egypt were determined in the bottom sediment. Copper, zinc and nickel concentrations were found within the lowest effect, while lead and cadmium levels were close to and high to the lowest effect, respectively. The contaminations level were found due to petrogenic origin and their sources are either weathered or highly weathered crude oils and or used lubricating oil. Their detection gives an indication of recent and continuous petroleum inputs.     

HEAVY METALS AND PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF EL SUKHNA AREA,GULF OF SUEZ,EGYPT

The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), total organic carbon (%TOC) and petroleum related heavy metals beside the grain size distribution of El Sukhna area, Egypt were determined in the bottom sediment. Copper, zinc and nickel concentrations were found within the lowest effect, while lead and cadmium levels were close to and high to the lowest effect, respectively. The contaminations level were found due to petrogenic origin and their sources are either weathered or highly weathered crude oils and or used lubricating oil. Their detection gives an indication of recent and continuous petroleum inputs.     

MCM-48介孔分子筛热、水热及酸碱稳定性研究

系统考察了MCM-48介孔分子筛在接近实际应用条件下的热、水热及酸碱稳定性.结果表明,该介孔材料在高温及酸性条件下具有较好的稳定性;但在高温水热及碱性条件下,稳定性较差.对于介孔分子筛,其孔道的规整度、骨架Q4的含量及孔壁厚度是决定该材料稳定性的关键因素.     

N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的合成研究

以丙烯酰胺和多聚甲醛为原料 ,浓盐酸为催化剂 ,在 1 ,2二氯乙烷溶剂中于 76～ 78℃下反应 2 h,合成了 N,N 亚甲基双丙烯酰胺 ,收率可达 83% ,IR谱图与进口纯样一致。讨论了影响合成的各种因素。     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A BIODEGRADED CRUDE OIL, ASSRAN FIELD, CENTRAL GULF OF SUEZ

A crude oil sample from the Assran field in the Central Gulf of Suez (Egypt) was analysed geochemically and characterized in terms of a variety of source and maturity dependent biomarkers. Biodegradation was indicated by increasing concentration ratios of Pr/n-C₁₇ and Ph/n-C₁₈. However, biodegradation was only slight as GC-MS analyses of the saturate and aromatic fractions showed that hopanes, steranes, aromatic steroids and polycyclic aromatic compounds including sulphur heterocycles remained intact. The sterane and hopane distributions showed a predominance of C₂₇ steranes, a low diasterane index, an abundance of gammacerane, a high homohopane index and an oleanane index < 0.2. The results indicate that the Assran-10 crude oil was derived from a marine carbonate source deposited in a highly reducing saline environment with a high bacterial contribution, consistent with the Upper Cretaceous Brown Limestone or Lower Eocene Thebes Formation containing Type IIS kerogen. Maturity parameters based on changes in the stereochemistry at chirality centres in hopane and sterane nuclei, such as C₃₀βα/(βα+αβ) and C₃₁ 22S/(22S+22R) hopanes and C₂₉ββ/(ββ+αα) and C₂₉ 20S/(20S+20R) steranes, together with triaromatic sterane cracking ratios, indicate that the oil sample was marginally mature. The results also suggest that biodegradation is probably due to sulphate-reducing anaerobic bacteria.     

辽河盆地东部凹陷深部煤层气成藏条件评价

辽河盆地是我国煤、油、气共生盆地之一，开展该盆地东部凹陷深部煤层气成藏条件评价，对于优选煤层气有利探区，实现该区煤层气与常规油气共采具有重要意义。从气源条件、储集条件和保存条件3个方面，分析了东部凹陷深部煤层气的成藏条件，并对其进行综合评价，结果表明东部凹陷具有煤层分布面积广、厚度大、变质程度低、含气量低、含气饱和度高、埋藏较深、煤层气地质储量丰富及保存条件良好等特点，认为该区煤层气成藏条件较好，能够实现与常规油气共采，具有很好的勘探开发前景。     

盆地东部凹陷深部煤层气成藏条件评价

辽河盆地是我国煤、油、气共生盆地之一,开展该盆地东部凹陷深部煤层气成藏条件评价,对于优选煤层气有利探区,实现该区煤层气与常规油气共采具有重要意义.从气源条件、储集条件和保存条件3个方面,分析了东部凹陷深部煤层气的成藏条件,并对其进行综合评价,结果表明东部凹陷具有煤层分布面积广、厚度大、变质程度低、含气量低、含气饱和度高、埋藏较深、煤层气地质储量丰富及保存条件良好等特点,认为该区煤层气成藏条件较好,能够实现与常规油气共采,具有很好的勘探开发前景.