Care of the patient undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostatic hypertrophy is a common surgical procedure in the United States. Left untreated, benign prostatic hypertrophy can lead to detrimental consequences such as renal failure from urinary obstruction. Although TURP is a common procedure, it is not without risk. Complications can occur, and the perianesthesia nurse must be familiar with them and their treatment. Complications related to the surgical procedure and the anesthesia technique must be assessed and treated quickly to prevent morbidity and mortality in these patients. The perianesthesia nurse is instrumental in managing and preventing complications associated with transurethral resection of the prostate.     

Undergraduate endodontic teaching in the United Kingdom: an update

The 21 words that form the basis for this article were selected because they convey the art and science of perianesthesia nursing practice, place perianesthesia nursing in both a national and global context, and facilitate reflection about this specialty practice. Reflection can lead to affirmation or change and perhaps even a design for the future.     

Purification and characterization of type 1 protein phosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effect of the R73C mutation

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is an uncommon cause of anesthetic-induced death; it is an inherited disorder that is triggered by the administration of anesthetic drugs. MH is triggered by the administration of volatile anesthetic agents and succinylcholine, a depolarizing muscle relaxant. It is imperative that the perianesthesia staff be familiar with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic properties of dantrolene, which is the only known agent effective in the treatment and prophylaxis of MH.     

The role of the American Board of Professional Psychology in professional mobility.

This article describes the role of certification by the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) in easing the process by which psychologists move beyond their original jurisdictional boundaries to practice psychology. Meeting the requirements for licensure or certification in the various jurisdictions can be a difficult task because these requirements vary considerably from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Other mechanisms that are available to facilitate this process include the Certificate of Professional Qualification in Psychology issued by the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards and certification by the National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology. The ABPP certificate/diploma has been regarded by many state psychological associations and state boards of psychology as an appropriate way in which to recognize psychologists who are eligible for licensure/certification in a jurisdiction because of the examination requirements for board certification. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology and the legal process: Testimonial privileged communications.

Privileged communication is concerned only with guarding the client's confidences in a courtroom. "It might be prudent for psychologists to reexamine their need for the privilege. We see no logical reason why licensing or certification statutes and the granting of privilege should go together." A model statute is proposed to exist independently of licensing or certification statutes. Psychologists should reevaluate "the issue of privileged communication and the protection of their client's interests." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

LEED Implementation Guide for Construction Practitioners

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a certification program developed by the U.S. Green Building Council for designing, constructing, and certifying green buildings. This paper presents a LEED implementation guide for construction practitioners to assist them in the certification process. The guide was formulated primarily through input, suggestions, and recommendations received from LEED accredited professionals including architects, engineers, commissioning authorities, general contractors, construction managers, and facility managers. Data were collected through four questionnaire surveys where two of which were used for guide development and the other two for modification and validation. General contractors, construction managers, and engineers can use the LEED implementation guide as a reference for managing their LEED certification process. The proposed guide can also assist owners interested in building a LEED certified facility.     

A comparative study of the action of the helium-neon laser, perlinganite and heparin on the energy apparatus of the ischemic myocardium

A peer review program for specialty nursing certification has been developed by 12 charter member groups. Its purpose is to serve as an advocate for consumer protection, to increase the public's awareness of the meaning and value of specialty nursing certification and to enhance prestige, self-actualization and professional advancement of certified nurses. The rationale for development of the organization and procedures for initiating membership are described.     

Performance on the internal medicine second-year residency in-training examination predicts the outcome of the ABIM certifying examination

For 223 residents from eight teaching hospitals, the results of the second-year in-training examination and the first-sitting certifying examination of the American Board of Internal Medicine were highly correlated. The results of the in-training examination can serve residents as an important measure of their preparedness for certification and can be useful in identifying the need for more intensive self-study strategies during the subsequent one and a half years.     

State of the national's poison centers: 1995 American Association of Poison Control Centers Survey of US Poison Centers

The American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) 1995 annual survey is summarized. A decline in the total number of poison centers was noted (from 104 in 1991 to 83 in 1995). The 83 US poison centers handled 2,431, 599 human exposure cases. Certified centers (44) served 63.1% of the US population, handled 72.5% of all poison exposures handled by poison centers nationally, and achieved higher utilization rates within their regions (10.9 vs 7.4 human exposure cases handled/1,000 population). Certified centers had superior staff credentials as measured, by passing the certification examinations for specialists in poison information or board certification for medical and managing directors. Funding for poison centers in 1995 to-total $74.6 million, although this funding level was recognized to be inadequate as only 63.1% of the population was served by certified centers and utilization of poison centers was not optimal. The annual cost of covering the entire US with adequate poison control services (meeting AAPCC certification standards and with utilization at a level of 15 human exposures per thousand population) is estimated at $120 million. Funding difficulties were prevalent. Thirty-five centers indicated that closure had been a real threat at least once in the previous 5 years. Analysis of cost per human exposure case by center volume demonstrated that economies of scale were achieved when a center handled at least 20,000 to 30,000 human exposure calls/year. Increasing human exposure volume beyond 30,000/year did not lead to a reduction in the average cost per human exposure case.     

Pilot study of explicit grading criteria in the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Part II. Examination

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify specific competencies that differentiated passing from failing performance on the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology Part II oral board certification examination. METHOD: A total of 363 candidates were rated in 18 areas of competence defined by behavioral criteria. Data were analyzed to determine which areas best discriminated between passing and failing candidates. RESULTS: In both parts of the examination, the ability to develop a comprehensive treatment plan was most influential. After that, specific interview and observational skills discriminated best. Failing candidates had most difficulty detecting and following informational and affective cues in their interview of a patient and presenting a biopsychosocial formulation and comprehensive treatment plan. CONCLUSIONS: Specific candidate competencies related to passing and failing performances can be identified and assessed by a rating scale of observable behaviors on the board certification examination in psychiatry.     

Review of applying implant-magnetic attachments to oral and maxillofacial prostheses]

The Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU) is an area of high risk for the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) have recommended administrative controls, engineering controls, and personal protection devices to reduce the risks; nevertheless, perianesthesia nurses inhale airborne pathogens. The CDC guidelines are enforced by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). If an exposure occurs, the health-care facility has an OSHA-mandated course of action. The cost of follow-up of exposed persons can be high, depending on the patient census of the PACU at the time of unprotected exposure. This report presents the CDC guidelines for follow-up of exposure and costs based on typical surgical volumes and admission patterns for a large hospital with 10 thousand or more annual surgical procedures.     

Aesthetic surgical training: the Lenox Hill model

This program enhances residency training in aesthetic surgery. It provides hands-on operating experience in a supervised hospital setting. Concerns of financial support and liability are addressed. Four chief residents from two university programs each spend 3 months conducting a "private" practice in a service population. A separate resident operative consent form unambiguously specifies the resident as the operating surgeon. Patients are derived from an advertised, free screening clinic every 3 months. The hospital has a special aesthetic surgical fee schedule for the residents. A resident operative fee is collected in support of resident salaries and insurance. An additional fee is collected on behalf of our anesthesiologists. During their 3 months the residents perform 30 to 40 operations as primary surgeon and 50 to 60 as the first assistant. Patient discontent, though rare, is resolved in conference with the patient, the resident, the attending surgeon, and the chief of section. Didactic training consists of monthly surgical conferences, journal club, and guest speaker presentations. Residents experience a practice setting by overseeing appointments to their clinic, booking operating room cases, and providing all paperwork for preadmission testing and certification, as well as fulfilling utilization and quality assurance requirements. They are responsible for their operative patients 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The program is in its seventh year and its success is noted by continued full certification of the two participating university programs and absence of litigation.     

Malignant cartilaginous tumors of the mediastinum: clinicopathological study of six cases presenting as extraskeletal soft tissue masses

BACKGROUND: The number of foreign or Chilean physicians with pre or postgraduate studies abroad, seems to be increasing. AIM: To report the experience of CONACEM in the certification of specialties for Chilean or foreign physicians that studied abroad. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The certification process for 90 physicians (38 Chilean and 52 foreign) with studies abroad is reported. Criteria for certification of specialties were the same used for physicians with studies in Chile and results were compared with those obtained by the latter. RESULTS: Physicians with studies abroad required additional evaluations with a greater frequency than local physicians, due to the fact that foreign training programs are not well known by CONACEM members. Eighty five percent of foreign physicians required those further evaluations, compared with 66.6% of all physicians certified by the commission. Fifty five percent of Chilean physicians with studies abroad did not accept this additional assessment. Applications for specialties of physicians with studies abroad, were rejected with a greater frequency than those of Chilean physicians (31% and 13%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians with studies abroad applying for certification of medical specialties required more evaluations and were rejected with a greater frequency than Chilean physicians.     

The Composition of State Certification Boards.

Argues that although certification legislation has been largely the program of clinical psychologists, other practitioners--and particularly industrial psychologists--have become increasingly interested and involved in the problem. That industrial psychologists have not participated in certification or licensing until recently, in comparison with clinicians, is not surprising. The number of psychologists employed in industry was, until the postwar period, very small. Three decades ago there were barely two dozen full-time psychologists in industry. In spite of this history, however, industrial--and other--psychologists have already attained a significant and somewhat proportionate degree of representation in the administration of such legislation. To measure this participation, an analysis was made of the membership of existing certification and licensing boards. Data is presented that suggest that while industrial psychologists (and other nonclinicians) have played only a secondary role so far in the area of certification, they may not have lagged too far behind in proportionate participation in the administration of certification and licensing programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

金属标准物质中杂质的辉光放电质谱法溯源分析

标准物质定值分析的溯源性要求比常规分析高很多。在常规分析中,有证标准物质（CRM）可用于校准以及建立可溯源性。尽管与标准物质生产和认定相关的ISO导则并没有十分明确地提到校准,但众多标准物质生产者在定值分析时却不接受基准标准物质用于校准。这些要求制约了标准物质定值方法的使用,因为这些方法可以采用已知高纯度的标准物质、化学计量法及已知高纯度标准物质的混合物进行校准。有效的固体取样技术,例如通常使用的块状标准物质进行校准的辉光放电质谱法（GD MS）或火花源发射光谱法（spark OES）,似乎不太适合定值分析。尤其是固体样品中痕量元素分析测定的有力工具辉光放电质谱法,除金属杂质外,使用特定气体混合物,这种方法也可以分析相关的非金属杂质如硫和磷。我们开发了一种可以使用已知高纯度的标准物质混合物和化学计量法的校准方法,这种校准方法同样可用于辉光放电质谱法。与溶液中基体匹配技术类似,此校准方法基于掺杂的粉末压片。本文还结合铜和钢标准物质的定值分析结果进行了陈述。     

宝钢三期工程新技术概述

宝钢三期工程项目初步设计工作已全面完成并通过审查，现已进入施工图设计与现场施工准备工作阶段。本文介绍了三期工程的建设规模与产品方案，简介了三期工程的建设水平与特点，三期工程主体项目中新技术应用状况与其建设进度，提供了宝钢三期工程项目的概貌。     

Who Is a Psychologist?

The American Psychological Association has consistently opposed the granting of a professional degree (as, Doctor of Psychology), insisting that the professional psychologist must also be trained as a scientist. Proponents of a professional degree are always in a distinct minority. Yet we continue to welcome into full membership graduates of schools of education and theology, placing no restrictions upon their membership in the Association--and even providing for their certification in state legislation (EdDs are almost always eligible for such certification). The APA has almost no influence on these degrees. And rarely do these schools (education, theology, etc.) even recommend courses in experimental psychology, research design, etc., for their doctoral candidates. It looks as if we were refusing to accept the granting of the professional degree by psychologists but accepting it when it is granted by these other schools. This article discusses this discrepancy and questions who exactly can be called a psychologist. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Results of the National Dental Examining Board of Canada written examination and implications for certification

In 1994, following a request from the ten Provincial Licensing Authorities, the National Dental Examining Board of Canada (NDEB) implemented significant changes to the certification process for dentists seeking a license to practice in Canada. Prior to 1994, graduates of accredited Canadian dental programs were certified without further examination while graduates of United States and other international programs (non-Canadian, non-U.S.) were required to complete successfully a written and three-phase clinical certification examination. Changes implemented in 1994 required graduates of accredited Canadian programs to take both a Written and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) Examination. The analysis of the results of the Written Examination for all candidates over the 1994-1996 period supports the following conclusions. There was no meaningful difference in performance of graduates across the ten Canadian dental programs; there was a small difference between the performance of graduates of Canadian and U.S. programs; and Canadian and U.S. graduates performed significantly better than graduates of other international programs. This level of candidate performance and changes to the respective accreditation processes supported the formal agreement providing reciprocal recognition of dental accreditation in Canada and the United States. As of January 1, 1997, graduates of dental programs in Canada and the United States are required to take the same certification examination while international graduates are required to complete a different certification process. These changes to the certification process were ratified by all ten Provincial Licensing Authorities, therefore maintaining a system of national portability for dental licensure in Canada that does not require preclinical or clinical board examinations for graduates of accredited North American dental programs.     

浅谈如何规范质量认证咨询市场

随着我国质量认证事业的蓬勃发展,质量认证咨询工作的市场前景越来越广阔,针对我国质量认证咨询市场存在的问题,提出具体规范措施.     

Certification and Accreditation in Civil Engineering

Certification has been common for technicians for many years but specialty certification is rapidly becoming important to engineering practitioners in addition to or as a substitute for licensure in some fields. Certification and accreditation are closely related but there are also important differences. International standards now exist for accreditation of certification programs and could provide the basis for mutual recognition of specialty certification worldwide. ASCE should seek international accreditation of its specialty certification programs and play an appropriate role in defining international standards related to specialty certification and assessment of conformity to those standards.