缺氧生物滤池预处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

在垃圾渗滤液处理中,对缺氧生物滤池预处理垃圾渗滤液进行了试验研究,结果表明:缺氧生物滤池不仅具有很好的消泡、脱吸CO2和H2S的作用,而且对渗滤液中的COD和NH3-N具有一定的去除作用。研究认为,当水力负荷在12m3/(m2·d)以下,有机负荷(以COD计)不超过12.7kg/(m3·d)时,COD预去除率可达到40%以上。     

两级曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的中试研究

通过两级曝气生物滤池处理城市生活污水的中试研究,探讨气水比、水力负荷、回流比及甲醇投加量等工程控制参数,对两级曝气生物滤池处理城市生活污水效果的影响。结果表明,当气水体积比为3,水力负荷为2～3m3/(m2·h),回流比为80%,甲醇投加量为80mg/L,滤料高度均为2.5m时,两级曝气生物滤池处理效果最佳,其出水可达《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》标准中的一级A标准。     

高效曝气生物滤池处理氮肥工业废水的工程实践

采用高效曝气生物滤池工艺处理氮肥工业终端废水,进水COD、BOD5、NH3-N分别为500～1 000、300～500和500～700 mg/L,出水COD、BOD5、NH3-N分别为81～158、8～15、4.8～68 mg/L,可连续稳定达到<合成氨工业水污染物排放标准(GB 13458-2001)中一级排放标准,直接运行费用为2.509元/m3.     

生物滤池去除污水处理厂臭气的应用研究

研制了一套生物过滤系统,用于处理污水处理厂生化水解池所排放的臭气。以某污水处理厂的生物滤池为研究对象,经过调试使用后,在进口段气体中H2S、NH3的质量浓度分别小于7.0、90.0 mg/m3时,其去除率分别达到90%和99%左右。并通过试验分析了运行时间、进气浓度、填料含水率、温度对除臭效率的影响。     

动态膜生物反应器处理生活污水的特性

应用动态膜生物反应器处理生活污水特性的试验研究结果表明:在水力停留时间HRT为5 h时,膜通量分别为13 9 L·(m2·h)-1、16 7 L·(m2·h)-1 、20 8 L·(m2·h)-1三种情况下,系统对 COD的去除率均可达到 90%以上,且出水中均未检测到SS。试验过程中,污泥浓度稳步上升,后期达到7500 mg·L-1。在若干冲击负荷下检测的出水COD均在 20 mg·L-1左右,SS均为 0。说明动态膜生物反应器和传统膜生物反应器一样具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,且在冲击负荷下出水SS也不受影响。     

污水处理系统恶臭气体的产生及微生物法处理（下）

讨论了废水处理系统中恶臭气体的产生,并对用微生物法处理进行了研究。在某大厦的实际装置运行表明,对所逸出 H2S的处理效率可以达到 89％左右,使出口浓度在 3.0μ g· m－ 3以下;对所逸出的 NH3处理效率在 62.9％,出口浓度在 68.0μ g· m－ 3以下。总硫处理效率在 59.2％,出口浓度在 183.5μ g· m－ 3以下。     

污水处理系统恶臭气体的产生及微生物法处理（上）

讨论了废水处理系统中恶臭气体的产生,并对用微生物法处理进行了研究。在某大厦的实际装置运行表明,对所逸出 H2S的处理效率可以达到 89％左右,使出口浓度在 3.0μ g· m－ 3以下;对所逸出的 NH3处理效率在 62.9％,出口浓度在 68.0μ g· m－ 3以下。总硫处理效率在 59.2％,出口浓度在 183.5μ g· m－ 3以下。     

凹凸棒曝气生物滤池预处理微污染原水研究

利用凹凸棒曝气生物滤池预处理微污染水中的高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和氨氮(NH3-N),研究曝气生物滤池在不同水力负荷和气水比条件下对CODMn和NH3-N的去除效果,同时利用扫描电镜对不同滤层深度的凹凸棒复合滤料进行生物形态的观察.结果表明,凹凸棒曝气生物滤池可以有效的去除微污染水中的CODMn和NH3-N,最佳水力负荷为4m3·m-2·h-1,最佳气水体积比为1∶1,凹凸棒曝气生物滤池对CODMn和NH3-N的去除率最高可以分别达到35％和99.5％,不同高度滤料的表面和剖面的微生物种属和生物量差异很大.     

一种复合生物除臭填料的性能评价

本试验采用水泥粘合—挤压造粒法,获得了一种复合废气生物过滤填料,以硫化氢为模拟废气,玉米芯、多孔陶粒为对比填料,对该填料各项性能进行评价。填料的空隙率为88%,堆密度为0.52 kg.m-3,压缩强度为78kPa,比表面积为780 m2.m-3,pH值为7.0;当进气流量为0.2 m3.h-1、进气浓度为0～200 mg.m-3时,硫化氢的去除率在85%以上;并且在处理负荷小于170 g（H2S）/（m3.d）-1时,硫化氢去除率仍维持在85%以上,达到良好的生物除臭效果。试验运行阶段填料的最大干、湿生物量为15.4 kg.m-3和373.8 kg.m-3。     

LPG 精脱硫新工艺及设备在涠洲终端处理厂的工业应用

采用固定床精脱硫新工艺脱除涠洲终端处理厂液化气中的硫化物。结果表明 :该工艺可将H2 S从约 2 2 0mg·m-3 降低到 <0 .2mg·m-3 ,铜片腐蚀由 3～ 4级降低到 1级 ,总硫含量 <5 0mg·m-3 。一年多的运行情况显示 :该技术工艺简单 ,操作方便 ,产品合格率 10 0 %     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.