摇摆条件下窄矩形通道内两相流动瞬态阻力特性研究

摇摆条件下的气液两相流动受摇摆引起的附加惯性力的影响,致使其摩擦阻力特性发生改变。本工作在摇摆周期为8、12、16 s和摇摆振幅为10°、15°、30°的条件下,对窄矩形通道（40 mm×1.6 mm）内空气-水两相流动的瞬态阻力特性进行了研究。结果表明：摇摆时瞬态摩阻系数的变化呈明显周期性;气相质量含气率越大,摩擦压降的波动幅度越大;摇摆周期越小,振幅越大,摩擦压降的波动幅度越大。给出1个用于计算摇摆条件下两相摩阻系数的关联式,92.5%的计算值的相对误差在±20%以内     

摇摆运动下矩形窄通道内流动沸腾阻力特性

本工作对摇摆运动下水在矩形窄通道内流动沸腾阻力特性进行实验研究分析。一方面利用竖直静止实验数据对已有两相压降的计算方法进行评价,结果表明,应用于常规通道的关系式已不适用于窄通道中流动沸腾压降的计算,基于窄通道的Zhang-Mishima及Sun-Mishima关系式预测结果与实验值符合较好;另一方面得出了摇摆运动下流动沸腾阻力特性,摇摆运动使两相压降周期性波动,但摇摆角度和摇摆周期对压降的波动幅度、两相平均摩擦压降几乎无影响。     

摇摆条件下圆管通道内气-液两相压降特性研究

开展了摇摆条件下圆管通道内气-液两相压降特性实验研究,获得了摇摆条件下实验段内瞬时及时均压降。构建了摇摆条件下两相压降计算模型构建,与实验结果对比符合很好。根据实验数据和模型计算结果分析摇摆条件对两相压降特性的影响规律,发现摇摆条件下通道内瞬时总压降呈现周期性波动,但其时均值和静止时相比偏差不大。进一步分析发现,摇摆条件下摩擦压降基本不变,摇摆运动引入的附加压降可忽略不计,而摇摆条件下重位压降的周期性波动是总压降出现周期性波动的原因。     

摇摆运动下矩形窄通道内摩擦压降特性研究

以水为工质,进行了摇摆运动下矩形窄通道内单相与流动沸腾阻力实验,获得了摇摆运动下瞬态压降波动规律,并对摇摆运动影响压降波动的机理进行了分析。摇摆运动使摩擦压降产生周期性波动,单相流动时,随系统流量、工质温度的升高,摇摆对压降波动的影响越发减弱;流动沸腾时,摇摆运动通过改变系统空间位置使压降呈明显的周期性波动,其波动幅度随出口含气率、系统流量、摇摆周期和角度的增大而增大,随系统压力的增大而减小。     

摇摆条件对矩形通道内泡状流摩阻特性影响

摇摆运动作为一种典型海洋条件,对管内的气液两相流动过程产生较大影响。本工作通过摇摆条件下空气 水泡状流在矩形通道内流动阻力特性的实验,研究摇摆运动对两相流动过程的影响。实验在常温、常压下进行,通道尺寸为40 mm×10 mm,摇摆角度为10°、15°和30°,摇摆周期为8、12和16 s。结果表明,摇摆条件下瞬态摩擦压降的变化具有明显周期性,随着两相雷诺数变大,瞬态摩阻系数的波动幅度和平均水平均变小;摇摆周期越小,摇摆振幅越大,即摇摆运动越剧烈,摩擦压降的波动幅度也越大。     

摇摆条件下窄矩形通道内流动传热特性数值模拟

建立窄矩形通道在摇摆条件下湍流流动的物理数学模型,应用数值分析方法模拟窄矩形通道的三维非稳态流动的传热过程;考察摇摆条件下通道内流动阻力和换热性能及其随雷诺数Re、摇摆周期T及摇摆幅度max影响的变化规律。结果表明,摇摆状态下窄矩形通道内速度场呈周期性变化;时均摩擦系数favg和时均努塞尔数Nuavg比非摇摆工况下的结果大,Nuavg满足拟合公式0.851 0.4Nu 0.023Re Pr;在相同Re和摇摆周期T下,通道内流体摩擦压降和Nu的变化幅值随max的增大而增大,其变化周期等于T;在相同Re和max下,摩擦压降pf和Nu的变化幅值随T的增大而减小,其变化周期等于T。     

两相流动中摇摆引起的附加作用分析

对摇摆条件下竖直、水平和倾斜3种布置形式的管路系统中两相流动附加惯性力及由附加惯性力引起的附加压降进行详细的推导,并给出具体的附加惯性力及附加压降计算关系式。通过对比流动方向上由于摇摆引起的附加惯性力及重力分量的波动幅度,发现重力分量的波动是影响流动特性的主要因素。同时对竖直管道中附加压降计算式进行实验验证,结果表明计算式能很好地预测附加压降的变化规律,可用于摇摆条件下管内附加压降的计算。     

摇摆条件窄缝矩形通道内层流充分发展流动

为获得摇摆条件下窄缝矩形通道内充分发展层流流动规律,首先根据流体质点受力分析结果求解摇摆条件下的动量方程获得层流充分发展速度分布和摩擦系数的理论解;然后开展角振幅±15°、周期8 s摇摆条件下900≤Re≤2600范围内的层流等温流动实验。理论和实验研究结果表明,摇摆条件相对静止条件的最大不同在于各项质量力的周期性变化会引起压力梯度的周期性变化,流体动力结构关系进行重新调整。其中,流体所受剪切力不发生变化,各项质量力产生的压降波动会相应地引起总压降的波动,而摩擦压降和流量不发生变化;摇摆条件下层流摩擦系数也不发生变化,并且理论预测值相对实验值的偏差在-1.1%～+4.3%的范围,两者具有较好的一致性。     

环形窄缝通道内干涸后摩擦倍增因子的试验研究

在间隙为1.1和1.6mm的环形窄缝通道内,通过内外管双面通电加热流体,进行环形窄缝通道内的干涸后弥散流区压强的试验研究,通过试验得出环形窄缝通道内干涸后弥散流区全汽相摩擦倍增因子的计算式,该式能够较好地预测环形窄缝通道内干涸后弥散流区的两相摩擦压降。     

摇摆对矩形窄通道内单相水流动特性的影响

常温常压下,实验研究摇摆对矩形窄通道内单相水流动特性的影响。结果表明,驱动压头较低时,雷诺数及摩阻系数呈周期性波动,摇摆越剧烈,波动幅度越大;驱动压头较高时,雷诺数周期性波动不明显,摩阻系数波动幅度减小。出口通大气的实验段,摇摆振幅对摩阻系数波动幅值及波形均有影响,摇摆周期只影响摩阻系数波动幅值。摇摆运动对流动特性的影响随雷诺数的增加而减弱。摇摆对矩形窄通道内单相水平均摩阻特性没有明显影响。     

The model of laminar pulsatile flow in tubes in rolling motion

The laminar pulsatile flow in tubes in rolling motion is investigated theoretically. The theoretical model of laminar flow in rolling motion is developed and the velocity correlation is also derived. The effect of rolling motion on velocity and frictional resistance factor is analyzed. The rolling motion mainly affects on the laminar flow by the tangential force. The centrifugal force does not affect on the flow. The tangential force affects on the flow in axial direction, its radial effect is very weak and could be omitted. There are two critical rolling points in rolling motion. After the first critical rolling point, the flowing velocity next to the wall reverses. Moreover, the flow rate at the tube cross-section becomes negative after the second critical rolling point. The buoyancy force is only one part of the effects that affects on the average velocity of a natural circulation system in rolling motion. The effect of Womersley number on the velocity is significant, which can not only affect on the average velocity but also on the oscillating period and velocity amplitude. The rolling motion does not affect on the average frictional resistance of laminar pulsatile flow. If the rolling motion is very serious, the flow is at a transitional or turbulent flow state, in this case the effect of rolling motion on the average frictional resistance is considerable.     

Numerical analysis of flowing characteristics of turbulent flow in rectangular channels in ocean environment

Because of the periodic effects of ocean waves, there are great discrepancies between the operational characteristics of nuclear power systems in ocean environment and that of land-based nuclear power systems. In some special operational status, like natural circulation, the additional forces due to ocean environment may impose so great disturbance on the coolant flow that theatres the safety operation of the systems. In the present paper, the turbulent flow in rectangular channels in ocean environments is investigated theoretically with CFD code FLUENT. The effects of several parameters on turbulent flow are analyzed. The effects of rolling motion includes two parts, the first part is the additional force parallel to flowing direction, which can affect on the pressure drop of the flow and change the flowing velocity, and the other part is the additional force perpendicular to flowing direction. In ocean environments, the flowing characteristics of turbulent flow are dominated by the additional force parallel to flowing direction. The effect of additional force perpendicular to flowing direction is very limited. In rolling and heaving motions, if the flowing velocity is the same, the flowing characteristics of turbulent flow are nearly the same, too. The bigger the Reynolds number is, the more serious the oscillation of turbulent kinetic energy and frictional resistance coefficient is, and the more the oscillation of turbulent flow is. The relationship between average frictional resistance coefficient and velocity oscillating amplitude is quadratic. And the oscillating amplitude of frictional resistance coefficient is in direct ratio with velocity oscillating amplitude.     

Study on Influence of Rolling Motion on Transition Boundary of Slug Flow to Churn Flow

The accurate identification of flow pattern is of great significance to improve the calculation accuracy of two-phase pressure drop. In this paper, the existing transition criteria of slug flow to churn flow were verified and evaluated using the static experimental data. On this basis, the best transition criterion was selected and the transition criterion between slug flow and churn flow under rolling condition was constructed by introducing the transient external force field produced by rolling motion, which was verified by the experimental data. The transition criterion was analyzed. The results show that with the increase of rolling amplitude, the transition of slug flow to churn flow advances a little, while the influence of rolling period on transition boundary can be ignored.     

摇摆运动对弹状流向搅拌流转变边界的影响研究

流型的精确识别对于改进两相压降的计算精度有重要意义。本文利用静止时实验数据对现有弹状流向搅拌流的转变准则进行了验证评价。在此基础上选择符合最好的转变准则，引入摇摆运动产生的瞬变外力场，构建了摇摆条件下弹状流 搅拌流转变准则，利用摇摆条件下的实验数据进行了验证。对转变准则进行分析，结果表明，在现有工况范围内，随摇摆振幅的增大，弹状流向搅拌流转变略有提前，而摇摆周期对流型转变的影响可忽略。     

摇摆条件对湍流流动特性的影响

利用Fluent软件对摇摆条件下矩形管内的湍流流体进行理论分析,分析了多种湍流模型和多个参数对流动特性的影响。在摇摆条件下,矩形管中心区域速度分布趋于均匀化,但壁面附近的速度梯度增大,从而使摩擦阻力系数增加。壁面会对摇摆条件对湍流流体的影响产生抑制作用。在纵摇条件下,小长宽比矩形管内速度等高线成哑铃状分布。对于本文的计算流体,摇摆条件下的湍流摩擦阻力系数与Re的0.47次方成反比。     

摇摆条件下子通道内湍流流体的数值分析

利用FLUENT软件分析了摇摆条件对典型四棒束间的湍流流体流动和传热特性的影响机理。摇摆运动会对棒束间流体的流动传热特性产生一定影响。RSM模型可以很好地描述摇摆条件下子通道内的参数分布。摇摆周期变化带来的径向附加力的变化不会对摩擦阻力系数、传热系数和Reynolds应力产生影响。在摇摆条件下,摩擦阻力系数、传热系数和Reynolds应力呈周期性变化,但最大摩擦阻力系数所在时刻并不固定,而最大传热系数却始终是在流速最大的时刻。