NSRL注入器束团长度测量系统初步设计

合肥光源注入器升级改造接近完成。为了更好地分析其束流品质,为储存环提供更高品质的束流,针对合肥光源设计了一套利用横向偏转腔(Transverse Deflecting Structure,TDS)测量分析束流纵向品质的系统。利用TDS分析束流纵向品质精度高,功能多样,优势明显。本文TDS采用外围开槽盘荷波导结构,给出了该结构具体尺寸及相关参数计算,并对计算结果做了简要分析处理。根据该结构在注入器的安装位置,对束团长度测量系统进行了物理设计,并分别使用MATLAB程序和PARMELA模拟了束团通过该结构的状态分布,得到了符合预期的纵向束团长度测量结果。     

用20GHz数字取样示波器测量束团长度

介绍了采用２０ＧＨｚ数字取样示波器在合肥８００ＭｅＶ电子储存环中测量束团长度的方法和原理。给出了束团长度及其伸长效应的测量结果。在流强为２－１２４ｍＡ情况下，实测束团长度为３．８０－１０．３３ｃｍ；流强大于１５ｍＡ，束团伸长效应明显。     

合肥光源谐波法束团长度测量系统研制

同步辐射光与束流信号具有相同的时间结构,测量同步辐射光并基于频域的信号处理方法可得到束团的长度。基于该原理,研制了采用谐波法测量束团长度的系统。该系统用高速光电接收器将同步光转换为电信号,然后采集该信号的四路频率分量,计算得到束团长度。阐述了该系统的软硬件设计,并应用该系统测量了束团长度随流强的变化规律,与条纹相机的测量结果相吻合。     

加速器束团长度测量

随着技术的不断发展,近年来出现了多种加速器束团长度的测量方法,主要有条纹相机测量、迈克尔逊干涉仪测量、电光晶体测量、耦合束流频谱测量等。本文综合介绍了这些方法,并指出各种方法都有自己的优缺点及适用范围。目前国际上各大型加速器实验室普遍采用的是条纹相机测量方法,对于自由电子激光等超短束团一般都是采用光学技术、频域方法测量,有些测量法的分辨率可达到飞秒级,提供了具有更高空间分辨率、更高时间分辨率的强有力研究手段。     

合肥光源单束团测量电路研制

为了在多束团模式下实现逐束团纵向参数的测量,研制了单束团选取电路,能够在多束团运行模式下,选出45个束团中的任意一个.文章介绍了该电路的工作原理和软硬件设计,并在合肥光源多束团运行模式下用该电路成功选取出了单个束团的信号.     

中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器束团长度研究

束团长度是中国散裂中子源(CSNS)快循环同步加速器(RCS)束流动力学的关键参数,通过对束团长度的研究,可了解RCS的机器性能并进一步指导机器优化研究。本文对RCS 100 kW时的束团长度进行精确测量,100 kW引出时的束团长度为105 ns。RCS 500 kW时束团长度可能超过无损引出允许值,需压缩束团长度。理论上提高腔压可压缩束团长度,本文模拟研究500 kW时束团长度随腔压曲线的变化规律,模拟结果表明提高加速后半阶段的腔压可压缩束团长度,给出了500 kW时无束流损失引出的腔压曲线。基于100 kW束流条件实验验证了通过提高加速后半阶段腔压来压缩束团长度的有效性和可行性,实验测量结果与模拟结果一致。因此,提高加速后半阶段腔压是500 kW时无损引出束流的有效方法。     

中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器束团长度研究

束团长度是中国散裂中子源（CSNS）快循环同步加速器（RCS）束流动力学的关键参数,通过对束团长度的研究,可了解RCS的机器性能并进一步指导机器优化研究。本文对RCS 100 kW时的束团长度进行精确测量,100 kW引出时的束团长度为105 ns。RCS 500 kW时束团长度可能超过无损引出允许值,需压缩束团长度。理论上提高腔压可压缩束团长度,本文模拟研究500 kW时束团长度随腔压曲线的变化规律,模拟结果表明提高加速后半阶段的腔压可压缩束团长度,给出了500 kW时无束流损失引出的腔压曲线。基于100 kW束流条件实验验证了通过提高加速后半阶段腔压来压缩束团长度的有效性和可行性,实验测量结果与模拟结果一致。因此,提高加速后半阶段腔压是500 kW时无损引出束流的有效方法。     

基于射频偏转腔的束团长度测量系统

本文建立了基于偏转腔的电子束团长度测量系统的模型,揭示了束流和偏转腔参数对测量结果的影响机制,给出了一种束团长度的计算方法。用三维仿真软件CST对腔体建模,得到了最优的单腔腔体尺寸、最优的耦合器尺寸和工作模式场分布,对应的偏转腔系统时间分辨率为182 fs,满足设计要求。用粒子跟踪软件Parmela进行束流动力学模拟,阐明了下游荧光屏上出现束团横向偏移的原因,并验证了理论结果的正确性。     

基于射频偏转腔的束团长度测量系统

本文建立了基于偏转腔的电子束团长度测量系统的模型,揭示了束流和偏转腔参数对测量结果的影响机制,给出了一种束团长度的计算方法。用三维仿真软件CST对腔体建模,得到了最优的单腔腔体尺寸、最优的耦合器尺寸和工作模式场分布,对应的偏转腔系统时间分辨率为182 fs,满足设计要求。用粒子跟踪软件Parmela进行束流动力学模拟,阐明了下游荧光屏上出现束团横向偏移的原因,并验证了理论结果的正确性。     

纵向和横向高斯型束团发射度增长的比率关系(英文)

采用直线加速器中的有限圆柱空间电荷模型,并假设该有限圆柱体电荷密度分布在纵向z和横向r都满足高斯分布,推导得到了该电荷束团的自场能与发射度增长公式;通过数值模拟计算,给出了束流发射度增长随束团参数和加速器系统参数变化的图表曲线,讨论了该纵向和横向高斯型密度分布电荷束团发射度增长的比率关系。     

兰州高能电子成像实验平台电子束团长度测量研究

为提高高能电子成像的时间和空间分辨率,实验需低能散、低发射度、短脉冲的高品质束流。本文利用相干渡越辐射能谱分析法测量基于热阴极微波电子枪的高能电子成像用直线加速器的电子束团长度。通过用迈克尔逊干涉仪测量太赫兹辐射能谱,利用自相关曲线拟合法得到电子束团长度。实验结果表明,当束流宏脉冲峰值强度约为24 mA,即电荷量约为15 pC时,电子束团均方根长度约为0723 5 ps。另外,用Kramers Kronig(K K)相位分析法可重建一种可能的电子束团纵向分布。电子束团长度测量的研究可优化束流品质,对后续高能电子成像实验有重要的参考意义。     

SDUV-FEL装置上利用电光频谱解码法测量束团长度实验设计与仿真

电子束团纵向长度是束流诊断中的重要参数,电光频谱解码法(Electro-Optical Spectral Decoding,EOSD)是为数不多的可进行单发测量的高时间分辨率测量方法。本文基于上海深紫外自由电子激光装置(Shanghai Deep Ultraviolet Free Electron Laser,SDUV-FEL)设计了一套电光频谱解码法测量束团长度实验方案。通过采用针尖粗同步和可调的光栅展宽器可实现长度在1-10 ps内变化的束团无损测量。通过对电光调制过程及其后探测的仿真研究表明,选用0.5 mm厚的Zn Te晶体在距离束流中心3-5 mm处测量时,时间分辨率最高可达180 fs(Root Mean Square,RMS),信号展宽在3%以内,测量的电场形状无可观测畸变,满足SDUV-FEL的实验需求。     

Bunch-by-bunch longitudinal phase monitor at SSRF

Beam signals captured from a button-type pickup contain multidimensional information including the bunch charge,transverse position,bunch length,and longitudinal phase.A bunch phase monitor,which retrieves longitudinal phase information from a pickup signal at a bunch-by-bunch rate,has been developed at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility.This paper introduces the basic principles,system setup,data processing method,and preliminary experimental results of this system.The systematic measurement error introduced by the limited system bandwidth,bunch length,and bunch charge variation was studied using simulation data.The random measurement uncertainty was evaluated using experimental beam data.The experimental result shows that the longitudinal phase resolution of this system is better than 1.0 ps.The first application,measuring the relationship between the longitudinal phase and bunch charge to determine the energy loss factor,was implemented,and the preliminary result is also discussed.     

Electromagnetic Fields Scattered by a Charge Moving on the Axis of a Semi-Infinite Circular Waveguide: Radiation Spectrum and Longitudinal Impedance

The electromagnetic field symmetric about the axis and excited by a charged particle bunch entering (or exiting) an open perfectly conducting smooth waveguide is found. The longitudinal impedance is expressed as the sum of the contributions from the wall and from the open end of the pipe (diffracted fields). The radiation spectrum is calculated for a wide range in frequency and particle energy.     

Investigations on collective behavior in radiation process with random walk model

Coherent radiation, e.g. synchrotron radiation, transition radiation and diffraction radiation etc. are widely used for electron bunch length and longitudinal profile characterizations. Incoherent synchrotron radiation and transition radiation are usually used for beam’s transverse profile measurements. When the study for a whole bunch is to be performed, the collective behavior of electrons in the radiation process should be properly considered. In this paper, the collective behavior in radiation process is studied in detail with random walk model. It is found that the microscopic discreteness and randomness of electrons within the bunch plays a great role in the radiation process especially for the incoherent radiation component. Only when the discreteness and randomness of electrons is taken into account can the theoretical prediction for incoherent radiation intensity and angular distribution of a whole bunch coincide with experimental results. The results derived from random walk model are in good agreement with experimental results and show clearer physical picture in the radiation process.     

合肥光源的新高频腔阻抗谱计算

用电磁场计算软件MAFIA，在时域和频域两种情况下，对高频腔的耦合阻抗及电子束在此结构中产生的尾场进行了计算。结果表明，新高频腔里存在较强的高次模，需要采取措施加以抑制。     

Nonlinear energy chirp compensation with corrugated structures

Herein, a feasible method is proposed to compensate the high-order effect during bunch length compression, thereby enhancing the peak current of a highrepetition-rate X-ray free-electron laser source. In the proposed method, the corrugated structure is inserted downstream of the high-order harmonic cavities to function as a passive linearizer and enhance the longitudinal profile of the electron beam. Three-dimensional simulations are performed to analyze the evolution of the longitudinal phase space, and the results demonstrate that the profile of the electron beam is improved and the peak current can be easily optimized to over 2 kA with a bunch charge of 100 pC.     

高能同步辐射光源中的耦合阻抗及束流集体效应研究

在高能同步辐射光源（HEPS）的储存环中,由于真空盒尺寸较小、束团中电子密度较大,全环耦合阻抗将显著增加,束流集体效应成为限制机器性能的重要因素。本文基于解析理论和数值模拟程序对HEPS储存环耦合阻抗进行了逐元件建模,并对环中可能发生的束流集体效应进行了系统评估。建立了合理的阻抗模型,给出了不稳定性阈值和增长时间,并对关键的不稳定性问题提出有效的抑制措施。     

Cs-Te photocathode RF electron gun for applied research at the Waseda University

A compact electron accelerator based on photo-cathode RF electron gun is under development for applied research at the Waseda University. Higher charge and higher energy are key issues for applications such as pulse radiolysis experiment and laser-Compton X-ray generation. The new RF-gun cavity with cesium telluride (Cs-Te) photo-cathode which has higher quantum efficiency (Q.E.) compared with metal cathodes has been installed. The evaluation of Q.E. of the photo-cathode has been performed and the value obtained is more than 5% at the preparation stage. For understanding the Cs-Te cathode properties and the higher Q.E. operation, fundamental studies by single bunch beam operation have been performed resulting in more than 6 nC bunch charge with a high Q.E. of 2.9%. Additionally, the new RF-gun cavity was improved for obtaining a higher Q value. Higher beam energy, i.e. shunt impedance compared with old type cavity, was observed. The shunt impedance increased by about 20%. These successful results will considerably contribute to the applied research.