换流变压器出线装置的绝缘结构分析

换流变压器直流出线装置的可靠性是换流变压器研制的关键问题之一,长期以来直流出线装置依靠进口,优化出合理的直流出线装置绝缘结构对进一步促进换流变压器设备制造全面国产化具有重要的意义.笔者总结了换流变压器的运行特点,研究了直流出线装置的绝缘结构,并进行了直流出线装置绝缘结构的电场计算.换流变压器的运行特点为短路阻抗大、直流...     

换流变压器阀侧绝缘电场特性研究

采用Matlab软件仿真分析换流变压器阀侧绕组端部电场的励磁电压类别后建立了电容系数和电导率复合介质电场的数学模型,并对其复合绝缘结构建模,用有限元分析法分析计算各种励磁电压作用下的电场分布,得出了换流变压器阀侧绕组端部电场的复杂特性,为换流变压器阀侧绕组端部的安全绝缘设计提供了科学依据。     

特高压变压器绝缘结构

特高压交流变压器和特高压换流变压器容量大,耐受电压水平高,特别是特高压换流变压器需耐受交直流复合高电压,内部电场分布复杂,代表了变压器油纸复合绝缘和出线装置设计和制造的最高水平。为推进特高压输电工程,根据特高压交流试验示范工程和特高压直流示范工程的实践,给出了特高压交流变压器、特高压换流变压器的绝缘结构特点,分析了两种特高压直流换流变现有引线装置和套管的特性,介绍了特高压变压器、换流变的主、纵绝缘设计要求和型式。在此基础上,提出了特高压变压器(换流变)出线装置和套管的国产化推进方案。     

Partial discharge study in transformer oil due to particle movement under DC voltage using the UHF technique

Converter transformers are one of the key components in high voltage DC power networks. The insulation of these transformers is stressed by both AC and DC voltages. Therefore, AC and DC voltage tests are routinely applied during factory tests to verify the performance of the insulation structure. Partial discharges in an insulation system are incipient discharges that can damage materials and may eventually lead to complete failure of the insulation system during operation. Recently it has been shown that monitoring such discharges formed under AC stress is feasible using Ultra High Frequency (UHF) measurement technique and that there is a reasonable correlation between the partial discharge magnitude and the amplitude of the UHF signal generated by partial discharges. However, the partial discharge activity under DC voltages is not fully understood. This paper describes a study using the UHF technique to improve our understanding of particle-induced partial discharge activity under DC voltages in mineral oil insulation. UHF signals generated due to conducting particle contamination in transformer oil under AC and DC voltages are compared and analyzed. A method for distinguishing particle discharges in regions of high or low electric field stress is proposed based on frequency-domain analysis of the measured UHF signal.     

High-voltage testing of medium-voltage shielded power cables

Medium-voltage power cables rated 2001-35000 V are tested using both 60 Hz AC voltage and DC voltage before leaving the cable manufacturing plant. Shielded medium-voltage cables are also required to meet the corona extinction level voltage established. These shielded cables are to be free of partial discharge at voltages well above operating voltages. In addition to these factory tests, the user normally requires a DC high-potential test after installation and sometimes a test is required when the cable is still on the reel. These various tests are also discussed     

交直流复合电压下油纸绝缘内部气隙缺陷局部放电特性

为了研究换流变压器油纸绝缘的局部放电特性,制作了典型的油纸内部气隙缺陷放电模型,设计了交流和直流电压叠加的实验回路,模拟换流变压器绝缘承受的电压类型。针对实验模型施加不同分量的交流电压和直流电压,用脉冲电流法分别检测该模型局部放电的各个特征参数,进行比较研究。总结了复合电压下油纸气隙放电模型的局部放电脉冲特征规律,并分析了其放电机理。结果表明,交直流复合电压下的油纸绝缘气隙放电具有不同于交流和直流下局部放电新的特点。为实现换流变压器的绝缘状态在线监测与综合评估积累了经验数据。     

岭澳核电发电机耐压试验及结果分析

岭澳核电发电机安装完成后,需要在现场做交、直流耐压试验,以检验发电机的绝缘特性。笔者描述了在1号机试验中所出现的问题、处理过程,以及对最后试验结果的分析。     

交直流电压分量对变压器油中典型模型击穿特性影响

在高压直流输电系统中,绝缘系统如换流变压器阀侧绝缘长期运行中不仅承受交流电压,还要受到直流电压的作用.由于在换流变压器试验过程中无法模拟交流和直流复合电压作用这一实际工况,交-直流合成电压对油纸绝缘特性影响缺乏深入研究.本文以典型针-板模型为例,同时施加不同交、直流分量,研究变压器油在针-板模型中的击穿特性.试验结果首...     

工频–雷电冲击叠加电压检测GIS金属尖刺缺陷有效性研究

气体绝缘封闭式组合开关设备(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)在电力系统具有广泛应用,GIS运行过程中金属尖刺缺陷严重威胁其绝缘可靠性。然而,高电压等级下金属尖刺缺陷难以被传统现场试验检出。该文提出工频-雷电冲击叠加电压检测法。首先构建工频-雷电冲击叠加电压实验研究平台,针对工频-雷电冲击叠加电压下金属尖刺缺陷放电特性进行研究,继而研究工频-雷电冲击叠加电压检测金属尖刺缺陷方法有效性。结果表明:当交流电压(UAC)大于起晕电压时,同极性叠加导致击穿电压(Us)增大,反极性叠加导致Us减小。叠加相位对Us的影响稍滞后于工频波形。随不均匀度增加,曲线平台期缩短直至消失。在交流电压135°叠加负极性雷电冲击电压,GIS金属尖刺缺陷放电电压最低,外施电压较雷电冲击试验下降24.9%,可以有效检出缺陷。     

灵宝背靠背换流站过电压与绝缘配合研究

综合考虑了灵宝背靠背换流站交直流侧各种暂态过电压情况,提出了交流母线避雷器和阀避雷器的保护 水平,规定了主要设备(除交流滤波器设备外)的绝缘耐受水平,结果可用于设备选型及工程设计。     

Selectivity of damped AC (DAC) and VLF voltages in after-laying tests of extruded MV cable systems

The purpose of HV after-laying tests on cable systems on-site is to check the quality of installation. The test on extruded MV cable systems is usually a voltage test. However, in order to enhance the quality of after installation many researchers have proposed performance of diagnosis tests such as detection, location and identification of partial discharges (PD) and tan /spl delta/ measurements. Damped AC voltage (DAC) also called oscillating voltage waves (OVW) is used for PD measurement in after-laying tests of new cables and in diagnostic test of old cables. Continuous AC voltage of very low frequency (VLF) is used for withstand voltage tests as well as for diagnostic tests with PD and tan /spl delta/ measurements. Review on the DAC and VLF tests to detect defects during on-site after-laying tests of extruded MV cable systems is presented. Selectivity of DAC and VLF voltages in after-laying testing depends on different test parameters. PD process depends on type and frequency of the test voltage and hence, the breakdown voltage is different. The withstand voltage of XLPE cable insulation decreases linearly with increasing frequency in log scale. Experimental studies with artificial XLPE cable model indicate that detection of defects with DAC or VLF voltage can be done at a lower voltage than with DC. DAC voltage is sensitive in detecting defects that cause a breakdown due to void discharge, while VLF is sensitive in detecting defects that cause breakdown directly led by inception of electrical trees.     

The selection of the frequency range for high-voltage on-sitetesting of extruded insulation cable systems

High-voltage on-site tests of extruded insulation cables are necessary to check the quality of the installation of the system. The test voltage should simulate the stress under service conditions, and generate the same failure mechanism. With respect to an optimum design of test systems, a frequency range of 20 to 300 Hz, proposed in the latest IEC Draft for on-site testing of extruded insulation cables, seems to be reasonable. The test results on model cables can be used for real cables concerning the influence of the waveform on the breakdown voltage. The withstand voltage decreases with increasing frequency. The withstand voltage and the electrical breakdown field strength are very close together for frequencies between 20 Hz to 300 Hz. Mechanical defects, as well as water trees, reduce the breakdown voltage at 0.1 Hz more than at 20 to 300 Hz, but the absolute test voltage values are higher, and the breakdown mechanism is different compared with voltages of power frequency or adjacent frequencies. For on-site tests, frequency-tuned resonant test systems (ACRF) can be recommended because they have a very good weight-to-test power ratio, and very low power demands     

±1100kV直流输电工程换流变压器阀侧套管的设计

换流变压器阀侧套管作为换流变压器的关键组成部分,长期以来依靠进口,对其进行设计具有重要意义。为此,基于GB/T 22674—2008《直流系统用套管》及国家电网公司2011年5月份颁布的《±1 100千伏特高压直流输电工程设备研制技术规范-换流变压器册》技术规范,对准东-重庆±1 100kV特高压直流输电工程换流变压器阀侧套管结构型式、外绝缘、性能及关键技术进行了研究。结果表明:换流变压器阀侧套管结构比较复杂,采用充SF6式型式比较好;绝缘水平比换流变压器绕组绝缘水平要提高不等系数,其中雷电冲击耐受和操作冲击耐受提高1.05倍,直流耐受、极性反转和工频耐受试验水平提高1.15倍。根据研究结果给出了准东换流站换流变压器阀侧套管的技术参数,对±1 100kV特高压直流输电工程换流变压器阀侧套管的研制具有重要指导作用。     

某500kV变电站直流融冰装置35kV管母故障分析

某500 k V变电站装设的直流融冰装置在2014年融冰时发生35 k V交流侧管母及绝缘烧毁事故,事后相关部门对故障装置进行了细致的交流耐压试验,通过结合试验现象、数据以及相关电路模型,确定了故障产生的原因主要是管母铜带缠绕方式存在隐患,并提出了相应的改进措施。此案例对中国其他类似的直流融冰装置故障分析具有一定的借鉴意义。     

特高压带电作业绝缘工器具试验电压优化及安全裕度

针对1 000 kV特高压交流输电线路带电作业绝缘工器具的试验电压偏严格,造成工器具非正常损坏的问题,深入分析了1 000 kV交流输电线路带电作业工况下的工频及操作过电压水平,同时开展了1 000 kV特高压带电作业绝缘工器具试验的电压选取及其安全裕度研究。综合分析后提出了较为合理的试验电压以及安全裕度范围,并对提出的修订值进行了工频耐压验证试验、绝缘材料电气性能验证试验以及带电作业安全性试验验证等,充分分析并证明了其合理性。     

800kV GIS设备现场冲击试验技术探讨

GIS设备的绝缘特性决定了不同的试验电压波形对不同绝缘缺陷的灵敏度。交流耐压试验对绝缘介质污染这一类型的故障发现比较有效,作为投运前的交接试验手段老炼效果良好;而冲击电压试验对绝缘子表面的脏污和导电毛刺等电场结构异常的发现非常有效。GIS设备整体装配完成后,在现场仅进行交流耐压试验,无法提供设备投运前全面的最终检查,因此现场交流耐压试验通过后还应进行现场冲击电压试验。     

Dielectric strength of transformer insulation at DC polarityreversal

Among special insulation tests for DC power converter transformers, polarity reversal tests can be substituted by applied AC voltage tests from a stress similarity in oil ducts. In order to investigate equivalent levels of other insulation tests to polarity reversal tests, the dielectric strength of a transformer at polarity reversals was examined by use of a model of typical oil/paper composite insulation. From the comparison of polarity reversal and other insulation tests, it was found that dielectric strength of transformer insulation at polarity reversals is phenomenally similar to that under switching impulse stresses. Equivalent AC test voltage to polarity reversal test was also estimated from the experimental results. The breakdown characteristics of polarity reversal tests showed that partial discharges at polarity reversals impose less harmful stress on insulation barriers than those at usual AC or impulse tests     

干式电流互感器绝缘试验分析

介绍了干式电流互感器投入运行后发生的击穿事故,分析了交流耐压试验、介质损耗试验、绝缘电阻试验和局部放电试验4种检测电流互感器绝缘的方法,根据分析和应用可知局部放电试验是目前检测干式电流互感器存在潜伏性缺陷最有效的方法.     

110 kV三相共筒式GIS同频同相交流耐压试验中隔离开关断口击穿特性仿真分析

同频同相交流耐压试验技术因无需母线全停,现已在220 kV GIS设备检修或扩建后的绝缘性能试验中得到了广泛应用。然而,110 kV变电站普遍采用三相共筒式GIS设备,由于相间紧凑布置,在对三工位隔离开关进行耐压试验时,隔离开关断口击穿风险较大,这将给系统供电可靠性带来极大影响。使用EMTP-ATP仿真软件搭建了同频同相交流耐压试验中110 kV GIS设备隔离断口击穿仿真模型,获得了同相击穿和异相击穿的故障电压及电流特性,分析了加装保护电阻对击穿特性的影响规律,给出了击穿特性抑制措施建议,为同频同相技术在110 kV GIS设备交流耐压试验中的应用提供了指导。     

调频式串联谐振技术在大型发电机试验中的应用

通过理论计算结合现场试验,介绍了调频式串联谐振技术在大容量发电机交流耐压试验中的应用.调频式串联谐振试验装置改变了用传统工频耐压试验装置进行大容量发电机交流耐压试验时的不足,具有重量轻、所需电源容量较小、电压波形好、适宜现场使用的优点.