锥形光头搅拌针搅拌摩擦焊接铝锂合金接头组织及力学性能

采用锥形光头搅拌针搅拌摩擦焊接5mm厚铝锂合金轧制板材，并对接头微观组织、力学性能及断裂特性进行了深入研究。结果表明，接头由焊核区、热机影响区和热影响区构成。焊核区在焊接过程中发生动态再结晶，形成细小的等轴晶晶粒，晶界处分布有大量的偏析相，热影响区组织发生粗化，形成粗大的板条状组织，前进侧热机影响区组织发生回复反应，后退侧热机影响区发生回复 再结晶反应；硬度测试结果表明，接头发生软化，后退侧材料的软化区间和软化程度均高于前进侧；断口实验结果表明，接头断裂模式为解理断裂。     

Domex 700MC钢焊接接头的微动磨损性能

采用实芯焊丝CO2气体保护焊方法焊接了低合金高强钢Domex 700MC,在无缺陷的焊态接头试样上从焊缝区、熔合区和焊接热影响区中分别截取试样进行微动磨损试验,用SEM观察了磨痕形貌。结果表明:在选定的微动磨损试验参数下,不同部位金属的磨痕面积差异较小,磨损体积和最大磨痕深度差异较大;接头不同部位金属具有不同的微动磨损性能,焊缝中心金属的耐微动磨损性最好;磨损面上存在与滑移方向成不同角度的微裂纹,这些微裂纹扩展、相交后导致金属呈块状或颗粒状脱落,所形成的凹坑有利于新的微裂纹形成。     

激光熔覆Inconel718合金涂层与基体界面的组织及力学性能

研究了激光熔覆Inconel718合金涂层与基体界面的微观组织及力学性能,结果表明：由于强化相的溶解,热影响区的硬度及强度降低,典型激光熔覆工艺条件下,扫描速度越快,热影响区越窄;熔覆层底部无平面晶组织,熔合区结合致密,化学成分一致,组织过渡平滑,熔覆层内部为枝晶组织,晶间有较多的Laves相,硬度较热影响区高;时效热处理后,热影响区及熔覆层的强度接近原始基材,界面区域力学性能过渡的平滑性改善。     

焊后热处理对高氮奥氏体不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响

对高氮奥氏体不锈钢进行搅拌摩擦焊接。焊接过程中没有出现氮元素的损失及其他相的生成。对焊接接头进行焊后热处理,以得到具有不同组织差异性的搅拌摩擦焊接头。微观组织分析表明：在焊态的接头中,焊核区晶粒细化且含有大量的小角度晶界,母材区与焊核之间存在明显的组织差异;热处理态接头中,焊核区的晶粒尺寸略小于母材,各种特征晶界的比例分数都与母材基本相当,接头内组织差异性减小。力学性能分析表明：大的组织差异使焊接接头呈现出典型的高匹配特征,屈服强度、抗拉强度明显升高,伸长率有所降低。较小组织差异的接头匹配模式发生变化,进而导致力学性能发生明显改变,屈服强度、抗拉强度降低,伸长率恢复到母材水平。     

铝合金双面双弧同步立焊工艺特征与接头组织性能分析

采用双面双弧同步立焊工艺方法,对8 mm厚5083铝合金进行自熔试验,I形坡口一次熔透,焊缝成形美观。通过调节两侧电弧热量配比研究熔池成形规律,并从焊接接头的微观组织、力学性能分析其连接机理。研究结果表明,随着热输入的增加,双面双弧同步立焊热量加速集聚,熔深以三次幂函数的速度增大。双面双弧同步立焊接头轮廓呈“双曲线形”,而相同热输入下的单面焊接头则呈“倒马鞍形”。总热输入一定的情况下,双面双弧接头正面熔宽随能量配比系数的增大而增大,反面熔宽随能量配比系数的增大而减小,中间熔宽基本不变,熔化面积随能量配比系数的增大先增大后减小;能量配比系数一定时,随着焊速的增大,接头熔宽和熔化面积均减小。母材组织为条带状纤维织构,热影响区发生静态回复与再结晶,变形组织消失,产生新晶粒,焊缝区主要由α-Al固溶体、β相(Al8Mg5)质点和骨骼状的Mg2Si析出相组成。焊缝的抗拉强度随着能量配比系数的增大而减小,拉伸断裂形式为韧性断裂。热影响区出现软化现象,双弧交汇区硬度低于正面焊缝区。     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对2198铝锂合金焊缝成形及接头力学性能的影响

对2198铝锂合金薄板进行了搅拌摩擦焊试验,分析了搅拌头旋转速度和焊接速度对焊缝成形及接头力学性能的影响。结果表明:旋转速度(n)与焊接速度(v)的比值大于15.7时,能形成表面成形良好,且内部致密无缺陷的焊缝;接头焊核区形成了细小的等轴晶,前进侧热力影响区大部分为等轴状晶粒,后退侧热力影响区的板条状组织发生了变形,其周围出现了细晶粒;焊接速度为30mm·min-1时,接头的抗拉强度随旋转速度的增大而变小,其最大值为432.17MPa,焊缝的硬度低于母材的,热力影响区的硬度最低,焊核区的硬度略高于热力影响区的。随着n/v的增大,热影响区的软化区间变宽。     

Domex700MC低合金高强钢药芯焊丝CO2气体保护焊焊接接头的组织与性能

用药芯焊丝CO2气体保护焊焊接Domex700MC低合金高强钢,用光学显微镜、硬度计和冲击试验机等对焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了分析。结果表明：焊缝金属晶粒细小且分布均匀,有较多针状铁素体,但熔合区组织比较粗大,使熔合区附近塑性降低,为焊接接头的薄弱部位;焊缝金属显微硬度较高,为315HV,而在热影响区为225HV,出现软化现象;焊接接头力学性能优良,具有较高的抗拉强度（630．94MPa）和冲击功（135．34J）。     

Ti-Zr微合金化高强钢焊接热影响区性能及组织特征

研究了Ti-Zr微合金化高强钢100 kJ/cm大线能量焊接热模拟和192 kJ/cm大线能量电渣焊热影响区(HAZ)的力学性能和组织特征。研究表明:不同线能量下,HAZ均具有良好的强韧性;HAZ组织以针状铁素体为主,电渣焊HAZ组织相对粗大,并出现少量均匀分布的M-A岛;不同线能量下第二相夹杂物均为含Ti,Zr及Mn的复合氧化物,热模拟HAZ组织中夹杂物尺寸较小,且数量较多,对晶内针状铁素体形核促进作用更大。     

铁素体不锈钢CMT焊接接头HAZ组织性能研究

针对铁素体不锈钢焊接HAZ晶粒易长大的问题,提出采用小热输入的CMT焊接工艺。通过分析接头HAZ的显微组织、显微硬度和冲击性能,探讨了4003铁素体不锈钢焊接接头HAZ组织和性能,并与常规MIG焊焊接接头试样的组织、性能进行对比。试验结果表明:采用CMT焊接工艺获得的接头HAZ粗晶区宽度为460μm,明显窄于MIG焊接接头的粗晶区宽度545μm;CMT接头强度与MIG焊接接头显微硬度值相近,但CMT接头HAZ冲击韧性较MIG焊接接头试样提高了16.28%。     

热处理对TC11/LF6异种金属摩擦焊质量的影响

对TC11/LF6钛铝异种金属进行了连续驱动摩擦焊接工艺及其焊后热处理工艺的研究,观察了热处理前后焊接接头焊合区微观组织并测定了试样力学性能。研究结果表明：未经热处理的焊接接头晶粒较为粗大,有明显的晶间化合物产生,接头显微硬度较高;经280℃退火1h后,焊接接头晶粒均匀细化,焊接界面产生较薄的不连续扩散层;热处理后接头晶粒明显细化,抗弯强度提高10.7%,显微硬度下降38%。通过组织和力学性能综合分析,得到最优化的TC11/LF6连续驱动摩擦焊接工艺参数。     

Some investigations on microstructure and mechanical properties of submerged arc welded HSLA steel joints

This paper investigates the influence of the submerged arc welding (SAW) process parameters (welding current and welding speed) on the microstructure, hardness, and toughness of HSLA steel weld joints. Attempts have also been made to analyze the results on the basis of the heat input. The SAW process was used for the welding of 16 mm thick HSLA steel plates. The weld joints were prepared using comparatively high heat input (3.0 to 6.3 KJ/mm) by varying welding current (500–700 A) and welding speed (200–300 mm/min). Results showed that the increase in heat input coarsens the grain structure both in the weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ). The hardness has been found to vary from the weld centre line to base metal and peak hardness was found in the HAZ. The hardness of the weld metal was largely uniform. The hardness reduced with the increase in welding current and reduction in welding speed (increasing heat input) while the toughness showed mixed trend. The increase in welding current from 500 A to 600 A at a given welding speed (200 mm/min or 300 mm/min) increased toughness and further increase in welding current up to 700 A lowered the toughness. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surfaces of impact test specimen was carried out to study the fracture modes. Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) was carried out to investigate the variation in wt.% of different elements in the weld metal and HAZ.     

铝合金/黄铜异种金属电弧熔钎焊

采用Zn-15%Al实芯焊丝开展了铝合金/黄铜TIG熔钎焊搭接试验,并对接头力学性能、显微组织和界面层成分进行了测试分析。测试结果发现,焊态下,接头抗拉强度为164MPa;热处理后,接头抗拉强度为160MPa。分析结果表明,热处理后焊缝中的枝晶组织长大,部分柱状晶从界面层脱落进入焊缝,恶化了接头性能。界面层中的金属间化合物主要由CuZn5相组成,以柱状晶向焊缝生长。     

焊后热处理对ASTM 4130钢焊接接头组织与性能的影响

通过金相观察、硬度和冲击试验,研究了不同保温时间的焊后热处理（PWHT）对ASTM 4130钢焊接接头显微组织、硬度、低温韧性的影响。结果表明,PWHT后,焊缝组织为铁素体、少量珠光体和碳化物,HAZ组织主要为回火索氏体、铁素体和贝氏体;造成熔合线附近硬度较高、韧性较低的原因是组织的粗化和上贝氏体的形成;随PWHT保温时间的延长,接头硬度降低,韧性改善。这主要是由于保温时间延长,使碳化物逐渐析出,其弥散强化效应和回火索氏体中合金元素固溶强化效应降低,同时,碳化物弥散度的降低也使得接头应力集中程度降低。     

A study of microstructures and mechanical properties of laser welded joint in GH3030 alloy

In this paper, we represent experimental laser welding of GH3030 alloy. The microstructure and mechanical properties of laser welded joints were investigated using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy diffraction spectrum and other methodologies. The results demonstrated that the weld primarily involved slender dendrites together with a small number of equiaxial crystals. The occurrence of porosities was mainly associated with the composition of the material itself. The cracks in the HAZ were induced by lowmelting- point eutectic phases that formed during laser welding. The segregation of the alloying elements in the matrix induced the variation of the performance within the joint. The average strength of welded joints was 646 MPa, 97.6 % of that of the base metal. Formation of inclusions and micropores in the fusion zone weakened the joint strength greatly.     

T92/TP347H异种钢焊接接头的组织结构和力学性能

采用ERNiCr-3和ERNiCrMo-3两种镍基焊丝,GTAW法实现T92/TP347H异种钢管焊接。研究了接头的显微组织结构、熔合区(线)两侧的成分分布和接头的力学性能,以及焊后热处理对接头组织结构及力学性能影响等。结果表明:T92/TP347H异种钢接头T92侧热影响区(HAZ)主要由过热区、粗晶区及细晶区构成;TP347H侧HAZ没有明显晶粒长大的现象,但晶界、晶内有碳化物析出。两种焊丝焊接的T92/TP347H异种钢接头拉伸断裂面位于TP347H侧母材,焊缝强度较高;ERNiCrMo-3焊接接头的强度高于ERNiCr-3焊接接头,但塑、韧性不如后者。750℃,30 min焊后热处理,有助于降低T92侧HAZ硬度,改善接头的综合力学性能。     

Q690C粒状贝氏体钢MAG焊接头中M-A组元的演变及其对热影响区冲击韧度的影响

为了研究Q690C低碳粒状贝氏体钢热影响区M-A组元演变及其对各亚区韧性的影响,采用全自动熔化极活性气体保护焊(Metal active-gas welding, MAG)施焊并在接头各个区域开V型缺口进行冲击试验,分析各亚区韧性与各亚区组织、断口、M-A组元统计结果之间的对应关系。结果表明,焊缝为针状铁素体,断口上韧窝细小密集,呈韧性断裂,虽然M-A组元数量很多,且存在于晶界,但是由于尺寸小,大都为块状,所以对冲击韧度影响不大;熔合区与粗晶区均为上贝氏体,且M-A组元大多以长条状分布于上贝氏体板条束间;其中熔合区的冲击韧度最差,系粗大基体引发的解理断裂;其余各亚区韧性接近母材,无明显恶化,M-A组元多呈较小块状,存在于晶界。由上述结果可知,M-A的分布、尺寸与形态的演变受控于为领先相的基体组织;细小的贝氏体基体及针状铁素体基体可弥补M-A组元对韧性的危害;组织控制仍应以基体组织控制为重点。     

2A14厚板铝合金SSFSW角焊缝接头组织及性能

采用自主研制搅拌针长度为8.5mm的静止轴肩搅拌工具和2A14-T4厚板铝合金进行150°角焊缝接头静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,探讨焊接工艺参数对接头组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:在500~700r/min主轴转速与40~100mm/min焊接速度范围内均可获得表面光滑无内部缺陷的角焊缝接头,其外观尺寸可精确控制基本无残余焊接角变形。焊缝区主要由焊核(Stir zone,SZ)组成,SZ形状类似搅拌针圆锥台状或椭圆状、其宽度沿厚度方向分布比较均匀;热力影响区(Thermal mechanical affected zone,TMAZ)及热影响区(Heat affected zone,HAZ)宽度明显较小。焊缝区硬度分布具有明显不均匀特征,最薄弱区位于TMAZ与HAZ的交界处。主轴转速变化对焊缝区平均硬度影响较小,但随着焊接速度增加其平均硬度明显增大。角焊缝前进侧等效拉伸强度大于后退侧,等效拉伸强度随转速增加而减小,焊速的增大而增大。在500r/min-100mm/min焊接工艺下所得到的接头等效拉伸强度最高,可达到母材的79.24%。在拉-剪复合承载模式下,角焊缝拉伸试样宏观塑性变形很小呈现脆性断裂特征。     

Effects of heat input on microstructure and mechanical property of Al/Ti joints by rectangular spot laser welding-brazing method

A rectangular spot laser welding–brazing method was developed to join butted Ti/Al dissimilar alloys. In order to evaluate effects of heat input on mechanical property of the joints, microstructure of the joints were characterized. TiAl₃ intermetallic compounds (IMCs) were found at the joint interface in the case of low-heat input and TiAl₃, TiAl, Ti₅Si₃, and Ti₃Al IMCs were observed at high-heat input. Results of tensile test showed that the joints fracture in the fusion zone under the condition of low-heat input and in the interfacial reaction layer or the fusion zone with a mass of porosities at high-heat input. In addition, tensile strength of specimens broken at the fusion zone is higher obviously than that at the interface or the fusion zone with a mass of porosities, and tensile strength of the joints is up to 290 MPa.     

Effects of weld cross-section profiles and microstructure on properties of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V sheet

In this study, the influence of weld cross-sectional profiles and microstructure, under different welding conditions, was investigated on the mechanical properties of pulsed Nd:YAG laser-welded joint of Ti6A14V alloy. The V- and H-shaped weld cross-section profiles were obtained under low and high heat input, respectively. The microstructure in the fusion zone (FZ) of V- and H-shaped welded joint consisted of a fine acicular martensitic α′ solidification structure within the prior-β grains, responsible for the maximum hardness in the FZ. Tensile tests revealed that the V-shaped welded joint fractured at the near heat-affected zone (HAZ)/base metal (BM) interface, but the H-shaped welded joint fractured in the BM. Furthermore, the tensile strength of the V-shaped welded joint was lower than that of the H-shaped welded joint. This was attributed to the fact that the heterogeneity of strain distribution at the interface of HAZ and BM of the V-shaped welded joint was greater than that of the H-shaped welded joint during tensile process.     

焊后热处理对30CrMnSiNi2A钢电子束焊接件疲劳行为的影响

电子束局部热处理是一种新型的热处理方式，探讨其对电子束焊接接头组织和疲劳性能的影响规律具有十分重要的实际意义。文中采用CT(紧凑拉伸)试样，对30CrMnSiNi2A钢电子束焊接后焊态、焊后炉内整体热处理和电子束局部热处理三种焊接接头焊缝与母材的疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行试验研究；并测定上述两个部位的门槛值。结合金相组织分析，讨论焊后热处理对接头疲劳行为的影响。试验结果表明，电子束局部热处理和整体热处理都能够在一定程度上改善焊接接头的组织和近门槛值处抗疲劳裂纹扩展的能力。由于电子束局部热处理具有方便、省时、节省能源和提高生产率的优点，因而具有较大的应用潜力和研究价值。