Analysis of periodic pulse evolutions in a passively mode-lockedring dye laser

Complex pulse evolutions, observed in a passively mode-locked continuous phase modulated ring dye laser, that are highly sensitive to the frequency chirping processes in the laser cavity are investigated. For particular values of intracavity group velocity dispersion, the pulse evolutions are periodic and reminiscent of soliton evolutions. A numerical model of the laser that successfully simulates the qualitative features of the real laser output temporally and spectrally is described. A careful investigation of the numerical model shows that, in the case of strong mode locking, the observed periodic pulse evolutions are not solitonlike, but result from a combination of frequency chirp and spectral walkoff. A distinct regime is identified where solitonlike pulse evolutions are sustained, and the transition between the two modes of operation is related to the strength of the mode locking     

双环内级联采样光栅的多波长锁模光纤激光器

为了实现多波长激光输出,提出了一种改进的多波长主动锁模光纤环形激光器,采用集成级联采样光纤光栅进入激光腔形成稳定的多种波长激光的方法,进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明,双环形腔结构对于所有波长激光,其腔长度是一致的,从而可以用相同的锁模信号实现所有波长的同步锁模。实验中光纤环形激光器成功实现了以1.6nm为间隔的波长多达14个;它的输出功率大于0dBm,边模抑制比约30dB,最高模式锁模频率为1.05GHz,输出脉冲序列的脉宽是216ps。这一结果对光纤传输系统设计是有帮助的。     

Multioscillator laser gyros

The two-mode ring laser gyro is reviewed. Standard bias and dither techniques are discussed that alleviate the mode locking encountered at low rotation rates. The four-mode DILAG (differential laser gyro) and its magnetic field extension the ZLAG (Zeeman laser gyro) are defined and analyzed. These devices contain two coresident ring lasers of opposite helicity and may have no moving parts. The mode-locking problems are overcome with the use of various biases that cancel out in the rate signal. A semiclassical analysis is reviewed that gives the electric field amplitudes and frequencies of the four modes in the presence of multilevel atoms, cavity anisotropy, and backscattering. It is shown that without mode-locking contributions, laser operation can be approximated very well by four independently oscillating modes. The Zeeman effects are considered. Novel scalar four-mode schemes are also discussed that circumvent the mode-locking problem.     

Multiwavelength Actively Mode-locked Fiber Laser with a Double-ring Configuration and Integrated Cascaded Sampled Fiber Bragg Gratings

A modified multiwavelength actively mode-locked fiber ring laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this kind of laser, stable multiwavelengths lasing is achieved by integrating cascaded sampled fiber Bragg gratings（SFBGs） into the laser cavity. To implement actively mode-locking technique, a doublering cavity configuration is used to assure that the cavity lengths for all wavelengths lasing are identical. Thus, simultaneous mode locking of all wavelengths has been successfully achieved by using the same mode-locking signal.     

Ultrafast solid-state mode-locked lasers using resonantnonlinearities

The authors discuss recent experiments in which resonant nonlinearities are used in order to directly mode lock solid-state lasers or to initiate self-focusing mode locking. Three configurations using resonant nonlinearities are considered. They are coupled cavity mode locking using a semiconductor nonlinear mirror, a further extension of this including self-focusing mode locking, and the closely related case of an intracavity saturable absorber dye. In the last two cases, the resonant nonlinearity only starts the self-focusing mode locking. Passive mode-locking techniques using resonant nonlinearities have the advantage that they self-start mode locking. The focus is on the Ti:sapphire laser, for which the techniques were first demonstrated     

Multiwavelength actively mode-locked fiber laser with a double-ring configuration and integrated cascaded sampled fiber Bragg gratings

A modified multiwavelength actively mode-locked fiber ring laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this kind of laser, stable multiwavelengths lasing is achieved by integrating cascaded sampled fiber Bragg gratings (SFBGs) into the laser cavity. To implement actively mode-locking technique, a double-ring cavity configuration is used to assure that the cavity lengths for all wavelengths lasing are identical. Thus, simultaneous mode locking of all wavelengths has been successfully achieved by using same mode-locking signal.     

Mode locking of a Nd:YAlO3 laser at 1.08 and 1.34 μmwavelengths using a single LiIO3 crystal

Passive mode locking of a Nd:YAlO₃ laser at 1.08 and 1.34 μm using a nonlinear mirror based on second harmonic generation is described. A single 30° cut frequency-doubling LiIO₃ crystal was used to mode lock both transitions, demonstrating the superiority of this mode-locking technique over that using saturable absorbers. Pulses as short as 50 ps at 1.08 μm and 15 ps at 1.34 μm were obtained. A comparative analysis of the mode-locking performance at the two fundamental wavelengths is presented, indicating that the longer pulse duration at 1.08 μm is due to the higher gain and an insufficient number of round-trips in the pulse train development     

Pulse-train uniformity in optical fiber lasers passivelymode-locked by nonlinear polarization rotation

The generation of uniform soliton pulse trains by additive pulse mode locking has been experimentally demonstrated in a birefringent fiber laser with a passive polarizer. Numerical simulations of pulse propagation around such a fiber loop are presented which reveal that this mode-locking scheme does not result in strictly uniform pulse trains. Rather, the train of output pulses exhibits periodic fluctuations in intensity and polarization. A model for the pulse dynamics is developed which shows that these fluctuations depend on the strength of the fiber birefringence and the alignment of the polarizer with the fast- and slow-polarization axes of the fiber. It is also shown that increased uniformity of pulse trains is achieved with near alignment of the polarizer with the slow axis of the birefringence     

调Q和调Q锁模脉冲共存双波长光纤激光器

为了使光纤激光器同时运转在不同的工作状态,搭建了非线性偏振旋转（NPR）技术和碳纳米管可饱和吸收体（CNT-SA）混合的掺铒光纤激光器。其中,基于NPR效应的腔内双折射引入的梳状滤波器可以实现双波长输出,NPR和CNT-SA的可饱和吸收效应共同作用可以获得调Q或调Q锁模脉冲,因此在该激光器中通过调节参数可以使光纤激光器同时获得双波长调Q和调Q锁模脉冲输出。该双波长脉冲经滤波处理后,观察到1531.23 nm处的波长对应调Q脉冲,其重复率为45.62 kHz,1557.18 nm处的波长对应调Q锁模,调Q包络重复率也为45.62 kHz,包络内锁模脉冲的重复率为18.18 MHz,与激光器腔长相符。该实验结果增强了光纤激光器工作的灵活性,有望进一步拓展其在相关领域的应用。     

调Q主动锁模Nd:YAG皮秒激光器实验

为了提高锁模脉冲输出质量,利用"调Q+主动锁模"的方式对Nd:YAG固体激光器进行了实验研究。采用Cr4+:YAG晶体、声光调制器作为调Q和主动锁模的元件。为了减小腔内的FP标准效应,镜Nd:YAG棒的端面切割成布儒斯特角。在实验中比较和分析了主动锁模、调Q主动锁模两种情况下Nd∶YAG激光器的输出特性。其中,主动锁模脉冲序列的单脉冲宽度为173 ps,调Q主动锁模的脉冲系列单脉冲宽度为169 ps,两种方式输出波形的锁模深度和锁模几率均在95%以上。对调Q主动锁模脉冲的输出能量进行了测量,结果表明其有较大提高。     

用于激光等离子体诊断的主被动锁模染料激光系统

本文叙述了作为激光等离子体微微秒照相脉冲光源用的染料激光系统。它采用主-被动锁模相结合的染料激光脉冲与碘激光脉冲同步工作。染料激光脉冲相对于碘激光脉冲的到达时间可以预先选择,同步精度为200微微秒。在靶照射实验中,两个脉冲的同步成功率为76％。     

高次谐波锁模飞秒掺镱光纤激光器的噪声情况

高重复频率的飞秒激光在高速激光测距和三维成像等领域有着非常重要的作用。其中基于飞秒光纤激光器的高次谐波锁模是获得GHz量级以上高重复频率脉冲的重要手段之一。基于含腔内光栅对色散补偿的非线性偏振旋转（NPR）锁模的掺镱（Yb）光纤激光器,在180 mW泵浦光时获得了稳定的143 MHz基频锁模脉冲序列,当泵浦光功率升至1 W时获得了最高20次谐波（2.86 GHz）锁模脉冲序列输出。系统地对比研究了基频锁模与高次谐锁模状态下,脉冲重复频率精密锁定后的艾伦偏差和相位噪声,7次谐波锁模状态下重复频率锁定精度能够保持在10?13 Hz@1 s的稳定度,为高次谐波锁模飞秒激光脉冲序列用于精密测量提供了实验依据。     

石墨烯锁模的全保偏光纤激光器

报道了一种基于反射式石墨烯可饱和吸收镜锁模的全保偏掺铒光纤激光器。分别使用单层和十层石墨烯作为可饱和吸收器件,通过全保偏结构,避免了外界环境对腔内偏振态的影响,获得了高稳定性、高偏振度、易自启动的锁模脉冲输出,脉冲宽度分别为697 fs和502 fs。实验表明,十层石墨烯相比于单层石墨烯能够获得更窄的脉冲宽度,更高的峰值功率,具有好的锁模效果。研究同时发现,经十层石墨烯锁模,进一步提高泵浦功率,可在全保偏光纤腔中获得重复频率62.94 MHz的二阶谐波锁模脉冲输出。并通过非线性薛定谔方程对谐波锁模产生的机理进行了分析。这种基于反射式可饱和吸收镜的全保偏锁模光纤激光器有望成为实现基频锁模与谐波锁模可切换的单偏振激光源。     

Efficient generation of picosecond pulses at 243 nm

A new method is reported for generating tunable picosecond light pulses in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum. The system consists of a synchronously pumped mode-locked coumarin 102 dye laser which is mode-matched into an enhancement ring cavity with a mode spacing tuned to the repetition rate of the dye laser. A frequency modulation locking technique locks the carrier frequency of the mode-locked dye laser pulse train to the enhancement cavity. A beta-barium borate crystal was used to produce an average power of greater than 70 mW at 243 nm. There are many potential applications for this source, including the investigation of the 1S to 2S transition in atomic hydrogen using Doppler-free two-photon coherent multiple pulse spectroscopy     

Simulation study on semiconductor laser mode locking usingnonlinear coupling in multimode-interference waveguide amplifiers

The feasibility of a passively mode-locked semiconductor laser with a multimode-interference (MMI) waveguide amplifier is numerically studied using a two-dimensional time-domain beam-propagation method. In an appropriately designed ring cavity, a pulse can be compressed from a few hundred picoseconds to several picoseconds, as a result of the interplay between linear coupling and gain saturation in the MMI waveguide amplifier. The asymptotically stable pulse peak position and pulsewidth imply the feasibility of passively mode-locking semiconductor lasers. The frequency chirping of the compressed pulse and the lateral distribution of the output beam are numerically analyzed in detail. Our simulations show that mode locking can be implemented within a fairly broad range of injection current and cavity alignment     

Experimental and theoretical studies on colliding pulse mode locking

Experimental and theoretical studies on colliding-pulse mode locking (CPM) are presented. The equations of the theoretical model take into account all the orders in pulse energies and the results are calculated numerically. It is shown that the CPM laser has an asymmetric pulse shape which can be approximately expressed in terms of the "asymmetric hyperbolic secant" function,[exp (-t/T_{1}) + exp (t/T_{2})]^{-2} (T_{1} < T_{2}). The experimental results on the pulse shape and pulse width of the CPM ring dye laser are compared to the numerical ones.     

利用非线性偏振旋转锁模技术产生0.7nJ,1.5ps光脉冲

为了研究锁模光纤激光器以增益平坦型掺铒光纤放大器作为增益介质对输出特性的影响,采用增益平坦型掺铒光纤放大器结合光纤偏振控制器、偏振相关光隔离器组成锁模光纤激光器,基于非线性偏振旋转锁模技术,实现稳定、自起振锁模运转,得到了中心波长1560nm、重复频率6.495MHz、单脉冲能量0.7nJ、脉宽1.5ps的超短光脉冲。同时实验观察到峰值波长为1557nm和1570nm的双峰值波长锁模脉冲的产生。结果表明,采用增益平坦型掺铒光纤放大器替代普通掺铒光纤组成锁模光纤激光器,可获得较高单脉冲能量的超短光脉冲,锁模脉冲的输出光谱可能出现双峰结构,从而可为超短脉冲光纤激光器设计及实用化提供参考。     

Extreme timing jitter reduction of a passively mode-locked laserdiode by optical pulse injection

Reduction of the timing jitter to less than that of the master laser pulses was achieved for a passively mode-locked laser diode stabilized by subharmonic-frequency optical pulse injection. Detailed investigation revealed that this phenomenon originates from the short-term stability of the mode locking frequency under passively mode-locking operation with suitable bias conditions of the saturable absorber and the gain sections     

Gigabit optical pulse generation with FM mode-locked LiNdP4O12lasers

FM mode locking of an LiNdP4O12(LNP) laser with an intracavity modulator is reported. Mode-locked optical pulses with a pulse width of 49 ps at a repetition rate of 960 MHz, corresponding toc/2L(c:light velocity,L:cavity length), have been obtained. A pulse repetition rate as high as 2.88 GHz has been achieved with a multiple mode-locking technique.     

光纤激光器技术

在概述光纤激光器基本原理、主要特性及其多种分类方法的基础上,首先介绍了双包层光纤激光器的工作原理和最新进展。通过对几种典型实验装置的分析阐述了光纤激光器的多波长产生机制。并详细讨论了光纤激光器产生锁模脉冲的三种技术：采用振幅或相位调制器的主动锁模技术、利用非线性效应的被动锁模技术以及混合锁模技术,最后比较了这三种技术和实验装置的优缺点并介绍了它们的最新发展情况。