钛钼镍合金在石化工业中的应用

分析了Ａｌ－Ｌｉ二元单体锯齿流变的应力幅度与被钉扎位错的时效时间、应变量和温度的关系。结果表明：其应力幅度的变化趋势符合动态应变时效的理论模型，并且与位错时效程度的饱和、δ＇粒子被切割和锯齿流变（ＰＬＣ）带的运动有关。     

Al—Li单晶体中锯齿流变行为的影响因素

Ａｌ－Ｌｉ晶体体中锯齿流变的产生与δ粒子被切割的过程有关。锯齿产生的临界应变温度应变速率和时效状态而变化。时效状态和加载的晶体位向对锯齿的平均经历时间和应力幅度有影响。     

Al—Li单晶体锯齿流变的产生机制

不同时效状态下Ａｌ－Ｌｉ单晶体应变速率敏感性的变化不同。单个锯齿的应力幅度随应变的增加不规则变化,和锯齿的经历时间无关;锯齿的应力幅度和经历时间在峰值时效状态主要分布在较小值的范围内。这些变化可以用切割δ’粒子产生锯齿流变解释。     

6013合金拉伸性能与锯齿流变行为

测定了6013合金的室温拉伸性能;通过拉伸实验着重研究了6013合金于180℃4h时效后在50℃,80℃,120℃,160℃下拉伸锯齿特性,拉伸温度对6013合金的锯齿幅度、锯齿周期、临界伸长率等影响;并就6013合金的锯齿流变特性与机制进行了初步的研究。研究结果表明:在50℃~160℃温度范围,6013合金的在拉伸过程中有明显的锯齿流变现象产生;随着拉伸温度的升高,锯齿应力幅度降低,临界伸长率略有增加,而锯齿周期明显降低;分析表明:在不同的温度下拉伸,晶体内溶质原子的扩散速度不同,将影响到锯齿的类型和有关的锯齿幅度、锯齿周期、临界伸长率等参数。Mg原子与位错的交互作用应该是形成锯齿流变的主要原因。论文根据Schwarz-Funk公式估计了6013合金中Mg原子的扩散激活能约为:1.94kJ/mol。     

时效对LC9铝合金锯齿流变的影响SCIEI

研究了LC9铝合金经退火、淬火,及不同条件时效处理后的锯齿流变行为开始出现锯齿的临界应变ε_c随着时效加深而后移,从而测得过程的激活能为0.63eV,与空位在Al中的扩散激活能吻合。时效试样与退火试样不同,应变率ε增大,ε_c反而减小;而退火试样的ε_c则随ε而增大。说明退火试样的锯齿流变是形变空位控制的,而时效试样则是淬火空位控制的。若时效时间加长,锯齿由较为整齐的脱钉型变为明显衰减的钉扎型。锯齿密度也因时效而稍许减小。用位错与溶质原子及GP区的作用对以上现象进行了解释。     

时效对LC9铝合金锯齿流变的影响

研究了LC9铝合金经退火、淬火,及不同条件时效处理后的锯齿流变行为开始出现锯齿的临界应变ε_c随着时效加深而后移,从而测得过程的激活能为0.63eV,与空位在Al中的扩散激活能吻合。时效试样与退火试样不同,应变率ε增大,ε_c反而减小;而退火试样的ε_c则随ε而增大。说明退火试样的锯齿流变是形变空位控制的,而时效试样则是淬火空位控制的。若时效时间加长,锯齿由较为整齐的脱钉型变为明显衰减的钉扎型。锯齿密度也因时效而稍许减小。用位错与溶质原子及GP区的作用对以上现象进行了解释。     

Al－Li单晶体锯齿流变的形态特征

研究了Ａｌ－Ｌｉ单晶体在不同温度和应变速率范围内产生的锯齿流变及其形态特征．开始产生锯齿流变的临界应变随着温度的升高（或应变速率的降低）先减小再增加．锯齿频率和应力变化幅度受温度和应变速率的影响，但不随应变单调变化．锯齿的类型与其产生的本质以及频率和应力幅度的变化没有明确的对应关系     

钛在F—22先进战术战斗机上的应用

在Ａｌ－Ｌｉ二元单晶体的锯齿流变中，锯齿类型决定于加载的应变速率，与锯齿产生的临界应变随温度和应变速率的变化没有对应关系；锯齿序列中的应力幅度随时效时间的变化较大。     

基于γ′相尺寸的新型Ni-Cr-Co基合金高温变形行为研究

本文在600 ℃、5×10_^-4 s_^-1条件下对不同γ′相尺寸的毫米级粗晶新型Ni-Cr-Co基合金进行高温拉伸实验,并结合OM,SEM和TEM研究γ′相尺寸对合金高温变形行为和锯齿流变效应的影响。结果表明,γ′相尺寸对合金力学性能影响显著,随着γ′相尺寸的增加,材料强度呈先提高后降低的趋势,合金的主要变形机制由位错切过γ′相转变为位错绕过γ′相;当γ′相尺寸持续增加时,位错运动受阻难以绕过γ′相,溶质原子钉扎可动位错,当应力增大至一定程度时位错脱钉,反复的钉扎与脱钉即动态应变时效导致合金在变形过程中出现锯齿流变效应。可通过调控γ′相尺寸弱化,当γ′相平均尺寸为57.18 nm时,锯齿流变效应微弱,临界应变最大,力学性能较高,因此γ′相最佳尺寸为57.18 nm。     

Al—Li单晶体锯齿流变的形态特征

研究了Ａｌ－Ｌｉ单晶体在不同温度和应变速率范围内产生的锯齿流变及其形态特征。开始产生锯齿流变的临界应升高先减小再增加。锯齿的频率和应力变化幅度受温度和应变速率的影响，但不随应变单调变化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.