粉煤灰对脱硫石膏基砂浆物理力学性能的影响

研究了粉煤灰掺量变化对脱硫石膏基砂浆的稠度、体积密度、抗压强度、抗折强度、粘结拉伸强度、干燥收缩性能等物理力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,粉煤灰对脱硫石膏基砂浆物理力学性能具有显著影响,能使得脱硫石膏基砂浆稠度明显增大,新拌砂浆体积密度和硬化砂浆体积密度略微增大,抗压强度、抗折强度和粘结拉伸强度均显著提高;粉煤灰也能显著改善脱硫石膏基砂浆的干燥收缩性,降低干燥收缩率;且当粉煤灰掺量为20%~30%时,其对脱硫石膏基砂浆的上述物理力学性能改善效果最佳。     

矿渣微粉对脱硫石膏基砂浆物理力学性能的影响

研究了矿渣微粉掺量变化对脱硫石膏基砂浆的稠度、体积密度、抗压强度、抗折强度、软化系数、粘结拉伸强度、干燥收缩性能等物理力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,矿渣微粉对脱硫石膏基砂浆物理力学性能具有显著影响,能显著提高脱硫石膏基砂浆稠度、新拌砂浆体积密度和硬化砂浆体积密度,降低脱硫石膏基砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度和软化系数,尤其是早期强度;但能明显提高粘结拉伸强度,显著降低干燥收缩率,改善干燥收缩性能;矿渣微粉掺量不超过20%时,其对脱硫石膏基砂浆上述物理力学性能的改善效果较佳。     

翅片式石膏煅烧机的应用

脱硫石膏先干燥后煅烧生产β—半水石膏,主要有干燥与煅烧分开生产工艺,干燥、煅烧一体化生产工艺。本文介绍一种新型的干燥、煅烧一次完成的工艺装备—翅片式石膏煅烧机。     

氯离子对脱硫石膏结晶性能的影响

经过干燥脱水的脱硫石膏主要成分与模具石膏基本相同,其主要晶体成分均为半水石膏,但脱硫石膏的晶体颗粒形态、杂质等因素均会对石膏性能产生影响。DT发电厂脱硫石膏中氯离子含量达到4130ppm,远超过国外脱硫石膏相关标准中氯离子含量100ppm的限值,而过多的氯离子会影响石膏晶体的水化结晶,导致石膏浆体不凝结、无法形成强度。在脱硫石膏资源化利用过程中可采用多次滤洗等方式消除氯离子的不良影响。     

脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的力学性能研究

研究了脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的力学性能及微观结构。结果表明:磨细粉煤灰较原样粉煤灰对脱硫石膏的力学性能有较大的改善,掺加20%磨细粉煤灰可以得到较高强度的脱硫石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料。由超景深显微镜和XRD分析推断出:粉煤灰的滚珠效应和骨架作用改善了脱硫石膏的力学性能,但在干燥环境下,粉煤灰的水化反应得不到有效进行,复合胶凝材料的强度主要来源于水化产物CaSO4.2H2O。     

硅酸盐水泥对脱硫石膏基砂浆物理力学性能的影响

研究了硅酸盐水泥掺量变化对脱硫石膏基砂浆的稠度、体积密度、抗压强度、抗折强度、软化系数、黏结拉伸强度、干燥收缩性能等物理力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,硅酸盐水泥能显著提高脱硫石膏基砂浆稠度,增大流动性,使得新拌砂浆体积密度和硬化砂浆体积密度略微增大;显著提高脱硫石膏基砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度和软化系数,尤其是后期强度;能明显提高黏结拉伸强度,显著降低干燥收缩率,改善干燥收缩性能,甚至使得砂浆早期具有微膨胀特点;硅酸盐水泥在脱硫石膏基中的掺量宜控制在20％以内.     

用于煤矸石山覆盖层的赤泥基密封材料性能及微观结构研究

以赤泥、粉煤灰为主要原材料,通过掺入石灰、脱硫石膏改性,制备了用于煤矸石山覆盖层的赤泥基密封材料.研究了石灰、脱硫石膏对其力学性能与干燥收缩性能的影响.同时采用XRD、FTIR、TG-DSC、SEM等测试方法,建立了微观特性与宏观性能的联系.结果表明:石灰的加入可以提高赤泥基密封材料的水化程度、促进生成更多水化产物,优化孔结构;加入脱硫石膏可以形成钙矾石晶体,降低孔隙率,补偿收缩;复掺石灰与脱硫石膏可以得到力学性能与干燥收缩性能优良的赤泥基密封材料.     

PCB湿式脱硫除尘器的研究

由于煤泥粒度细,干燥后气固分离过程中,不可避免会出现大量灰尘,必须对灰尘进行捕捉和分离;同时由于采用火力干燥,排放尾气必须经脱硫处理,才能保证尾气排放符合国家环保规定,因此除尘脱硫系统起着至关重要的作用。依据除尘脱硫系统在国内外的研究现状,研制出了一种新型湿式脱硫除尘器。该除尘器采用湿式石灰石-石膏脱硫工艺脱硫,其脱硫基本原理为烟气所含SO2与生石灰浆液混合、反应、中和。工业应用表明:该除尘器结构简单,成本低,脱硫除尘效率较高,运行稳定,除尘效率达到97.8%,脱硫效率达到89%,设备阻力小于1 100 Pa,满足了烟尘排放标准,达到了干燥后气体的环保排放要求。     

脱硫石膏应用技术现状及其发展趋势

对国内外脱硫石膏应用技术现状进行总结和分析,结论认为用脱硫装置生产出符合标准和规范的、可直接应用的、成为与天然石膏相同等值的原料和产品是利用脱硫石膏的关键。将脱硫石膏与其他天然和化学石膏统一规划,完善建筑石膏产品的应用技术和规范,是促进脱硫石膏综合利用的决定因素。利用脱硫石膏制备复合胶凝材料和制品,具有很好的前景。     

山东鲁北企业集团总公司磷石膏制硫酸联产水泥技术进展

回顾国内外石膏制硫酸技术的发展历程,重点介绍山东鲁北企业集团总公司副产石膏制硫酸联产水泥的工艺流程及技术研究进展,包括磷酸萃取新流程技术降低石膏总磷,采用物理法脱水和悬浮式气流干燥新技术,实现酸洗污水封闭循环,窑尾热风机采用永磁调速技术,SO2鼓风机采用高压变频调速技术,应用低温余热回收技术等,实现了副产工业石膏资源化高效利用,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

低水膏比时减水剂对β半水脱硫石膏力学性能的影响

研究了低水膏比时减水剂对β半水脱硫石膏力学性能的影响.结果表明:脱硫石膏脱水工艺最佳参数为烘干温度170℃,烘干时间6h和陈化时间5d.显微结构表明,β半水脱硫石膏颗粒表面为粗糙、不完整结构;烘干时无水石膏与半水石膏同时存在才具有较高的强度.当水膏比为0.28,减水剂掺量为0.9％～1％时,β半水脱硫石膏抗压强度达到最大值35 MPa,在此掺量下减水剂可有效减少成型时需水量和提高试块强度.     

Simulation Study for Pneumatic Conveying Drying of Sawdust for Pellet Production

Pneumatic conveying drying (PCD) is a combination of heat and mass transfer and pneumatic handling technology. This technology has been extensively used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries, as well as many others. The PCD technique is beneficial for agricultural products, because it can achieve high-quality drying with reduced heat damage in a very short time. In this study, one-dimensional and three-dimensional mathematical models for the drying of sawdust particles in a pneumatic dryer were developed and verified with experiments. The three-dimensional modeling was done with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package (ANSYS FLUENT, Ver. 13.0, Ansys, Inc.), in which the gas phase is modeled as a continuum using the Euler approach, and the droplet/particle phase is modeled by a discrete phase model with a Lagrange approach. One-dimensional analysis was performed in MATLAB (Ver. 7.0). The experiments were carried out to validate the model in a pneumatic dryer with a horizontal length of 1 m, vertical height of 1.1 m, and diameter of 0.14 m. Sawdust, a raw material used for producing pellets, was prepared from well-seasoned pinewood timber. The initial moisture content of the sawdust was 22% (wb). The hot air inlet temperature in the dryer was fixed at 100°C. The variations in air pressure, air velocity, air temperature, and particle moisture content were investigated along the length of the dryer. The final moisture contents of sawdust and air temperature were reduced by 2% (wb) and 5°C, respectively. The simulated values were in good agreement with the experimental values. The developed model was then employed for the design of a pilot-scale pneumatic dryer (length 7 m and diameter 0.14 m). The final moisture content of the sawdust particles was reduced to 14% (wb) when the dryer length was increased from 1 to 7 m. In addition, the modeling was performed using buffers in the pilot-scale dryers. The use of a buffer noticeably increased the drying efficiency.     

丁二酸对水热合成α-半水脱硫石膏微晶形貌及力学强度的影响

为提高脱硫石膏利用率和附加值,采用水热合成法在温度为95 ℃的15%（质量分数）氯化钠溶液中制备高强α-半水脱硫石膏材料,研究了丁二酸掺量对α-半水脱硫石膏转晶行为、物相组成、微晶形貌及力学强度的影响。结果表明,随着丁二酸掺量的增加,α-半水脱硫石膏的诱导成核与晶体生长时间均逐渐增大,转晶时间延长。同时,α-半水脱硫石膏的长径比随着丁二酸掺量的增加而降低,这有利于促进α-半水脱硫石膏水化,提高结构密实性,改善材料的力学性能。其中,掺入0.20%（质量分数）丁二酸时α-半水脱硫石膏的长径比降至1∶1左右,其2 h抗折强度和烘干抗压强度分别提高至5.54 MPa、38.47 MPa。     

脱硫石膏的热处理及其对矿渣水泥若干性能的影响

研究了在不同温度下处理的脱硫石膏对矿渣水泥若干性能的影响，确定其在水泥基材料中循环利用的可行性。研究结果表明，经低温烘干焙烧处理的脱硫石膏，掺入到矿渣水泥中并控制适当的SO3掺量，水泥凝结时间正常，强度略有提高，并且明显降低了硬化水泥浆体的失水率和干缩率，可以有效防止收缩裂缝的产生：并进一步探讨了脱硫石膏对矿渣水泥性能的影响机理。     

A Small-Scale Pneumatic Conveying Dryer of Rough Rice

This article studies the possibility of reducing the high initial moisture content of wet rough rice using a small-scale low-cost pneumatic conveying dryer as a first stage dryer. The parameters investigated are final moisture content, surface temperature of rough rice, head rice yield, drying rate, power consumption per unit mass of evaporated water, and physical characteristics of rice. Parametric effects of the following variables are examined: velocity of drying air from 20 to 30 m/s, feed rate of rough rice from 150 to 350 kg/h, initial moisture content from 22 to 26% (wet basis), and drying air temperature from 35 to 70°C. From the experimental results, it is found that this drying method can be used for fresh rough rice with an initial moisture content of over 24% (wet basis). The drying process is able to lead to very rapid drying without any grain quality problems such as cracks in the rice kernel. The moisture content can be reduced to approximately 18% (wet basis) or about 5–6% of the initial moisture content within 3–4 s. The optimal drying air temperature is in the range of 50 to 60°C. A comparison of pneumatic conveying drying data obtained from the present study with fluidized bed drying data reported in the open literature is also discussed.     

A Small-Scale Pneumatic Conveying Dryer of Rough Rice

This article studies the possibility of reducing the high initial moisture content of wet rough rice using a small-scale low-cost pneumatic conveying dryer as a first stage dryer. The parameters investigated are final moisture content, surface temperature of rough rice, head rice yield, drying rate, power consumption per unit mass of evaporated water, and physical characteristics of rice. Parametric effects of the following variables are examined: velocity of drying air from 20 to 30 m/s, feed rate of rough rice from 150 to 350 kg/h, initial moisture content from 22 to 26% (wet basis), and drying air temperature from 35 to 70°C. From the experimental results, it is found that this drying method can be used for fresh rough rice with an initial moisture content of over 24% (wet basis). The drying process is able to lead to very rapid drying without any grain quality problems such as cracks in the rice kernel. The moisture content can be reduced to approximately 18% (wet basis) or about 5-6% of the initial moisture content within 3-4 s. The optimal drying air temperature is in the range of 50 to 60°C. A comparison of pneumatic conveying drying data obtained from the present study with fluidized bed drying data reported in the open literature is also discussed.     

新型耐水石膏基墙体材料制备及性能研究

就石膏墙体材料的轻质化目的,运用两种不同的EPS颗粒的加入工艺,对两种工艺的耐水石膏材料的吸水率、强度等多种系数及性能开展对比研究,最终经过试验验证可知,EPS掺入最优值是1.3%,基于此石膏表观密度是839.06 kg/m~3。干燥时的抗压及抗折度是4.05和2.06 MPa,两者软化系数是0.517和0.650,对比未加EPS颗粒时提升百分比分别为20.8%和11.5%。虽然掺入ESP颗粒后要比未掺入的强度要大,但石膏耐水性获得了显著的提高,并且符合《石膏砌块》以及《建筑隔墙用轻质板条》对于石膏材料的性能要求。     

共沸回流法制备α-半水石膏工艺研究

为消除副产石膏对环境的危害,提高副产石膏的利用价值,采用共沸回流法以工业废酸石膏为原料,经过浆料配制、投加共沸溶剂、转晶反应以及抽滤烘干得到α-半水石膏,并对α-半水石膏的最佳合成工艺进行了探究。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）对产物进行表征。重点研究了共沸溶剂浓度、温度、固液比、pH对副产石膏的转晶过程、转晶产物组成及结构的影响,并通过单因素实验以及正交实验得到最佳实验条件。结果表明：在共沸溶剂体积分数为70%、转晶温度为120 ℃、固液质量比为1∶6、pH为5、反应时间为3 h时可以制得长径比约为1∶1、抗折强度（2 h）为5.6 MPa、烘干抗压强度为43 MPa的α-半水石膏,满足JC/T 2038—2010《α型高强石膏》α40强度等级。     

Convective Drying Kinetics and Darkening of Okara

Okara pellets were dried in a pneumatic tube from 78% of moisture content (w.b.) to 64% and then in a rotational drum to 3%. Time, temperature, and drum rotation were correlated to the okara darkening. The temperatures used were 130, 150, and 170°C in the pneumatic tube and 50, 60, and 70°C in the rotational dryer. The rotations used for the drum were 27 and 47 rpm. When okara was dried only in the pneumatic tube it became dark; however, when dried in both the tube and the dryer the darkening level decreased significantly. The results showed that the first drying level temperature does not influence the drying time of the combined process.     

Effect of lime bonds on the sintering of aluminous bodies

Conclusions Various lime bonds have different effects on the densification of aluminous bodies during drying and firing. Of the bonds investigated the greatest action on the sintering of the alumina is exerted by gypsum.The reduced density of the fired alumina bodies containing an addition of gypsum is due to the lower thermal shrinkage, connected with the higher temperature of decomposition for the gypsum, and the increase in the weight losses during calcination.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 29–32, March, 1970.