基于PEEC模型分析的H桥单元直流母线的改进设计

以广泛用于高压大容量功率变换的H桥单元逆变器为研究对象,将其直流母线改进为层叠母排结构,基于部分单元等效电路(PEEC)的方法建立了改进前、后母线的等效电路。对母线PEEC模型的等效参数进行分析表明,改进后母线的等效电感与等效电阻下降了一个数量级,而正负母线之间的等效电容增加了100倍以上。计及直流滤波电容组参数的电路仿真表明,在同样的开关暂态电流激励下,母线结构改进后,暂态电压的上升率和峰值比改进前减小了50%以上。试验与仿真结果符合较好,证明了改进是有效的。     

高频继电器信号路径分布参数提取方法的研究

高频继电器信号路径的分布参数是影响继电器射频(RF)性能的主要因素。通过对基于分布参数的等效电路进行分析,可以优化继电器RF性能,而分布参数的准确提取是正确建立等效电路的基础。本文对于高频继电器信号路径的均匀区域应用经典传输线理论进行分布参数提取,对于尺寸突变、结构不连续等非均匀区域应用部分元等效电路(PEEC)等方法进行提取,得到了完整信号路径的分布电容、电感、电阻值。对基于分布参数的等效电路进行仿真,得到了继电器插入损耗及电压驻波比(VSWR)曲线。     

计及部分电容的接地回路高频电路模型

建立相对精确的接地回路电路模型,研究接地回路的阻抗频率特性,对研究接地回路的传导干扰具有重要意义.首先建立了一个大尺寸的接地回路实物模型,运用PEEC方法求出各部分参数并建立了考虑部分电容作用的等效电路模型.实测和仿真的阻抗频率特性非常吻合,证明用PEEC方法分析研究大尺寸接地回路的高频阻抗特性是可行的,拓展了PEEC方法的应用领域.另外,在用HP4395A阻抗分析仪测量高频阻抗频率特性时,为屏蔽外界电磁干扰,应该对被测模型加屏蔽罩并可靠接地.     

基于等效电路法的高频继电器建模与研究

通过经典传输线理论及部分元等效电路(partial element equivalent circuit,PEEC)方法,对高频继电器常闭型信号传输路径的分布电容、电感、电阻等参数进行提取,建立信号传输路径的等效电路模型。对其进行仿真分析得到继电器射频(radio frequency,RF)性能曲线,并讨论了影响继电器插入损耗、电压驻波比及隔离度的主要因素。高频继电器RF性能的实验测试结果与等效电路模型仿真结果符合较好,表明了所建立等效电路模型的正确性。     

Feasibility analysis of specialized PEEC solvers in comparison to SPICE-like solvers

The Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method provides an electric equivalent circuit for a physical geometry. This circuit can be combined with external passive/active lumped elements, enabling the simulation and co-design of combined circuit and electromagnetic (EM) structures. The resulted circuit can be solved in a dedicated solver, or equivalently can be exported to a SPICE-like solver. In this paper, the inclusion of passive and active lumped circuit elements in PEEC method has been studied and a combined solver has been developed. To demonstrate the capability of the solver, three structures are examined. All examples include a transmission line-PEEC model and active components. Results are compared with those from OrCAD, where an analytical model for the transmission line is used. Good agreement between the results shows the feasibility of using PEEC to solve this type of mixed problems. Also, comparison has been made in terms of implementation and feasibility for the aim of developing the optimal EM solver with active elements support. It is shown that SPICE is not a suitable choice to solve the PEEC models and, a specialized solver can solve the system in a much faster way. On the other hand, all the definitions and models of circuit devices e.g. transistors, MOSFETs, etc. should be implemented in the specialized solver, which raises a trade-off between the solution time and the implementation time.     

基于部分元等效电路的外旁通柜寄生参数分析

外旁通柜是ITER整流电源系统中进行过流和过压保护的重要设备。由于寄生参数的存在,会造成并联支路分流不均,导致个别器件过载而影响整个设备的运行。论文利用部分元等效电路（PEEC）方法,对外旁通柜进行了电路建模和寄生参数计算。最后通过仿真和实验对计算结果进行了验证,表明该方法对外旁通柜寄生参数的分析是正确并且有效的。     

渐近波形估算方法在金属导体部分元等效电路模型缩减中的应用

利用部分元等效电路(PEEC)对金属导体进行建模后,通过对角解耦求取系统缩减等效电路时会耗费大量的计算时间和计算机资源.因此,本文根据缩减系统总导纳和原始电路总导纳相等的关系,将两种情况下的总导纳对复频率s进行幂级数展开并令对应的系数相等,得到了以解耦缩减等效电路参数为未知量的非线性方程.在此基础上,利用渐近波形估算方法(AWE)对系统进行缩减处理,给出了考虑集肤效应时独立于频率之外的解耦缩减等效电路模型,得到了对应的电阻及电感参数,并通过算例验证了该缩减方法的正确性.本文研究成果为PEEC方法和AWE模型缩减方法的广泛应用奠定了基础,具有较重要的理论和工程应用价值.     

Accelerated geometry optimization of compact impedance matching transformers using decomposition and adjoint sensitivities

This work addresses the problem of expedited design optimization of decomposable compact microwave structures, particularly impedance matching transformers. The approach proposed here exploits structure decomposition and a bottom‐up technique where the elementary building blocks of the transformer circuit of interest are first optimized with respect to specifications extracted from a conventional circuit design, and subsequently, the entire circuit is optimized using the previously obtained building‐block dimensions as a starting point. The optimization engine for each stage of the process is adjoint‐based gradient search embedded in the trust region framework. The bottom‐up approach turns out to be critical from the reliability standpoint: As the initial dimensions obtained from the optimized building blocks already result in reasonably good characteristics of the entire circuit, no global search is required to find a satisfactory design. This is in contrast to direct adjoint‐based optimization of the entire circuit which leads to a local optimum, which may not satisfy the imposed requirements. At the same time, computational cost of the design process is reduced compared with direct optimization of the entire circuit, because building block optimization is carried out in low‐dimensional search spaces and using simpler (i.e., less expensive) electromagnetic models. Our technique is demonstrated using a three‐section impedance matching transformer. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进变分模态分解的SRM功率变换器故障诊断方法

为实现开关磁阻电机功率变换器故障诊断,本文提出了一种改进变分模态分解结合奇异值分析的方法,基于经验模态分解自适应特性和中心频率确定变分模态分解的分解数,并对故障相电流进行处理,根据互信息分析选择最佳模态分量构造初始特征矩阵,进行奇异值分解后计算归一化奇异值作为特征向量,输入支持向量机分类器进行故障识别。为验证诊断方法的可行性,建立了仿真模型与其他诊断方法进行了对比;搭建了开关磁阻电机实验台,测试了开路、短路故障状态,仿真和实验结果均表明本文所提方法可减小噪声影响,提高故障识别准确率。     

复杂电力系统实时暂态安全分析的动态矩阵等值方法

联合电力系统的结构复杂,要进行全局的暂态安全分析以比较困难,因此提出了采用分解和协调理论的局部暂态安全分析和监测方法。在可能出现暂态稳定问题的大容量发电厂分别进行暂态安全分析和监测,将系统分为内部系 统和外部系统。内部系统为待监测的大容量发电厂和它所连接的输电线路,其余部分为外部系统。外部系统采用动态矩阵等值方法,推导出它的诸     

Passivity–preserving interpolation‐based parameterized model order reduction of PEEC models based on scattered grids

The increasing operating frequencies and decreasing IC feature size call for 3‐D electromagnetic (EM) methods, such as the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method, as necessary tools for the analysis and design of high‐speed systems. Very large systems of equations are often generated by 3‐D EM methods and model order reduction (MOR) techniques are commonly used to reduce such a high model complexity. A typical design process includes optimization and design space exploration, and hence requires multiple simulations for different design parameter values. Traditional MOR techniques perform model reduction only with respect to frequency and such design activities call for parameterized MOR (PMOR) methods that can reduce large systems of equations with respect to frequency and other design parameters of the circuit, such as geometrical layout or substrate characteristics. We present a novel PMOR technique applicable to the PEEC method that provides parametric reduced order models, stable and passive by construction, over a user defined design space. We treat the construction of parametric reduced order models on scattered design space grids. Pertinent numerical examples validate the proposed approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

经验模态分解端点波形延拓改进方法研究

为提高经验模态分解(EMD)的分解精度,针对分解过程中存在的端点效应问题,在对已有波形匹配延拓方法改进的基础上,提出了一种改进后的基于端点波形匹配的经验模态分解方法。通过对齿轮裂纹故障模拟试验结果分析表明,当齿轮转速为600r/min时,5 120个实验数据分解时间约为1.2 s,所得第6个IMF分量的幅值谱峰值频率为10 Hz,对应着系统的回转频率。第2个IMF分量的峰值频率为550 Hz,对应着系统的啮合频率。所提出的方法能够分解出齿轮系统的特征分量,具有较高的分解精度和计算效率。     

H桥单元主电路杂散参数对开关暂态过程的影响

以一台H桥IGBT功率单元为对象,基于部分单元等效电路(PEEC)方法建立直流母线的高频等效电路,以基于最小二乘法的曲线拟合提取电容组的等效参数。以单桥臂电路实验中获得的桥臂电压的交流分量作为激励,施加于由母线和电容组模型构成的等效电路上进行仿真,用母线电流的实测波形与仿真波形进行比较验证等效电路的准确性。以此电路为基础,研究了等效电路参数变化对暂态过程的影响。结果表明,变换器的开关暂态过程对主电路寄生电感参数的变化非常敏感     

基于多元线性回归的阻性和容性电流分解

为了研究交流电压作用下非线性半导体器件和非线性绝缘电介质的绝缘状态和介电性能,提出一种阻性和容性电流分解算法。以非线性电阻和非线性电容构成的并联等效电路为研究对象,推导响应电流关于激励电压的非线性方程。通过坐标变换,将其转化成多元线性方程。利用多元线性回归方法,获得等效电路参数且实现了阻性和容性电流的分解。定性分析该算法的抗干扰能力和对非标准正弦波电压的适应能力。仿真结果表明:该算法可以准确地实现阻性和容性电流的分解;当响应电流含有55 d B的噪声时,电路参数的求解误差较小;激励电压谐波分量对电路参数的求解几乎没有影响。实验结果表明:该算法可以实现MOA阀片在交流电压作用下全泄露电流的分解。     

Application of the partial element equivalent circuit method to tower surge response calculations

This article presents calculations of tower surge responses and insulator voltages of an actual transmission tower including ground wires and phase wires. The partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method is applied as a simulation tool. Surge responses of the tower and insulator voltages calculated by the PEEC method are compared with electro magnetic transients program (EMTP) simulated results and experimental results collected from the literatures. The results calculated by the PEEC method agree well with the experimetal results, not only amplitudes but also waveshapes. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Stability analysis for a partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) model of neutral type

This paper is concerned with the problem of robust stability analysis for a partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) model of neutral type. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, some sufficient delay‐dependent stability conditions are derived. A numerical example shows that the result using the method in the paper is less conservative than that using some existing methods in the literature. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inductance modelling of SWCNT bundle interconnects using partial element equivalent circuit method

Partial element equivalent circuit method (PEEC) is used to model the total loop inductance of a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) bundle interconnects in a ground-signal-ground (GSG) configuration. Nanotube bundle is modelled as an equivalent rectangular conductor using the proposed equivalent area model, where the conductor area is determined by the area of single nanotube and total number of nanotubes in the bundle. Magnetic inductance and total inductance are calculated after obtaining the partial mutual and partial self inductance values from this method. The effects of spacing to width ratio and wire length over the total inductance are also presented in this paper.     

用于混合储能系统平抑功率波动的小波变换方法

由锂电池和超级电容组成的混合储能系统(HESS)被广泛用于平抑电力系统中的功率波动,将低频功率分量分配给锂电池发挥其能量优势,将高频功率分量分配给超级电容发挥其功率优势.小波变换具有多尺度分解能力,能够根据储能介质特性更加合理地分配波动功率.基于储能介质的等效时间,提出了量化储能介质频率特性的方法.小波基的选取和分解层数的优化是小波变换的2个关键因素,直接影响波动功率的分解结果.采用互相关系数之和兼顾HESS的高、低频功率分量,选取合适的小波基.建立了储能介质频率特性与小波变换分解层数的关系,用于优化分解层数.仿真结果表明所提方法能够充分发挥储能介质的自身优势.     

System Reduction of Power System with Penetration of Photovoltaic Generations

This paper presents a novel system reduction method which makes it possible to consider the impact of photovoltaic (PV) penetration on transient stability precisely. The object system for system reduction can be aggregated into a simple equivalent circuit by using the proposed method. The equivalent circuit consists of a lumped load model, a lumped PV model, and three equivalent impedances. Using the equivalent circuit, power flow into the object system when the system voltage changes can be analyzed without repeated power flow calculation of the original system. In order to verify the proposed method, this paper presents a numerical example of transient stability analysis with a one‐generator‐to‐infinite‐bus system model. The results of analysis indicate that transient stability considering PV penetration can be analyzed with high accuracy with the proposed method.