交联电缆常见故障及原因分析

从交联电缆故障率、故障位置和故障原因3个方面,对2009—2011年国家电网公司6 kV及以上交联电缆的故障情况进行统计和分析,总结出了国家电网公司交联电缆典型故障类型和特点,对国家电网公司交联电缆的具体故障原因进行了分析。结果表明：近年来国家电网公司电缆线路的故障率逐年下降;发生电缆故障的主要部位是电缆本体;故障原因主要有：建设施工原因、主绝缘老化、现场安装工艺不当、过负荷。在此基础上,指出了在提高交联电缆运行可靠性方面尚需进一步完善的工作。     

35kV交联电缆振荡过电压击穿故障分析及抑制措施

近年来,北京电网出现过多起交联电缆振荡过电压击穿的事故,对电网安全造成了极大的威胁。文中深入研究了交联电缆振荡过电压击穿事故的原因,以及事故发生发展的过程,进一步认识了振荡过电压对电力设备的影响。笔者以某110 kV变电站35 kV电缆击穿故障为例,首先给出系统接线及事故概况,然后通过电缆中间接头解体检查与对故障录波数据的深入分析,指出故障原因是由于吊车碰架空导线造成瞬时单相接地,引起了局部35 kV系统的低频振荡,产生振荡过电压,造成电缆相间绝缘击穿,发生相间短路故障。最后,提出了相应的技术防范抑制措施与下一步研究工作的建议。     

影响交联电缆局部放电试验的若干问题

主要对影响交联电缆的局部放电试验的各种因素进行了分析,特别是对电抗器、电缆假击穿现象、局放信号采集器、屏蔽室电动大门和局放试验终端等故障原因,提出了排除各类故障的方法。     

一起220 kV交联聚乙烯电缆中间接头击穿故障原因分析及措施

针对某核电厂一起220 kV交联聚乙烯电缆中间接头击穿故障,对击穿的部位进行解剖和分析后,指出电缆中间接头制作过程中,金属铜护套与电缆铝波纹护套对接的锡焊施工工艺存在缺陷,未使用铜编织带连接,锡焊部位的机械强度较薄弱,在电缆运行中出现开裂现象,在开裂部位两端形成电位差,持续的放电损伤了电缆半导体屏蔽层,最终导致电缆主绝缘击穿.最后,针对电缆中间接头制作施工工艺的不足提出了改进措施.     

110kV交联聚乙烯电缆模压接头故障分析

介绍了进口110kV交联聚乙烯绝缘电缆模压接头连续多次击穿故障的情况,分析了该接头设计和结构上存在的问题,并重点对故障接头进行解剖和试验,最后查出了该接头在工艺上的缺陷是造成击穿的主要原因。     

交联聚乙烯电力电缆头的制作工艺

近10年来,由于交联聚乙烯电缆在运行中表现出电气绝缘性能好、抗酸碱、耐腐蚀、允许工作温度高、故障少以及接头制作工艺简单等优点,已迅速取代电气绝缘性能差、制作工艺复杂、故障率高的油浸式电缆,在实践中得到了广泛应用。韶钢自1987年第一次使用交联聚乙烯电缆取代油浸式电缆以来,到目前为止,全公司已有高压交联     

电缆终端绝缘击穿原因及对策探析

介绍可导致电缆终端绝缘击穿故障的诱因,并通过举例,针对具体原因提出对策,以降低电缆终端绝缘故障率。     

高频传感器在10kV电缆带电检测中的应用

电缆安装和长期运行中可能产生各种缺陷导致局部放电。由于交联聚乙烯等挤塑型绝缘材料耐放电性较差,绝缘材料老化最终导致绝缘击穿,造成重大事故。电缆终端的故障率远高于电缆本体,通过试验研究了基于大尺径高频传感器的电缆终端检测方法。在实验室进行了传感器的研制和试验方法的校验,对运行中的电缆终端进行了局部放电普测,通过实例验证了此种方法的可行性,可为高压开关柜内电缆终端局部放电高频检测现场诊断提供参考。     

10kV交联电缆接头施工工艺分析及改进措施

研究了引起绝缘击穿、发生危及电缆安全运行的电缆接头故障.分析了10 kV交联电缆接头制作工艺引起绝缘损坏的原因,结果表明:发生电缆接头故障的主要原因是施工中的杂质、水气及气隙进入电缆接头,使得电缆接头绝缘存在缺陷造成发热、局部放电或击穿,施工工艺是影响电缆接头质量的重要因素.提出了对提高电缆接头质量有参考价值的改进措施.     

电缆终端绝缘击穿原因及对策探析

介绍可导致电缆终端绝缘击穿故障的诱因,并通过举例,针对具体原因提出对策,以降低电缆终端绝缘故障率。     

Evaluation of service aged 35 kV TR-XLPE URD cables

This paper provides information on the aging of URD power cable insulated with a tree-retardant crosslinked polyethylene (TR-XLPE) compound, installed in a typical utility environment, Numerous evaluations were performed on samples of power cables aged up to 7 years in-service. AC and impulse voltage breakdown data are compared with data for similar 35 kV ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) and crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated cables removed from the same utility system. The data show that, to date, the rate of degradation of TR-XLPE cables is less than that of the EPR and XLPE insulated cables. Extrapolation of the data, assuming the same rate, indicates TR-XLPE cable will have the longest life     

Investigation of Water Tree Degradation in Dry‐Cured and Extruded Three‐Layer (E‐E Type) 6.6‐kV Removed XLPE Cables

Dry‐cured and extruded three‐layer (E‐E type) 6.6‐kV cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables were introduced into electric power systems more than 30 years ago, but they do not experience failures because of water tree degradation. Also, the degradation index of water treeing for these cables has not been established. Therefore, investigating results of residual breakdown voltage and water tree degradation of these cables will help us plan for cable replacement and determine water tree degradation diagnosis scheduling, and will be fundamental data for cable lifetime evaluation. In this study, the authors measured the ac breakdown voltages of dry‐cured and E‐E type 6.6‐kV XLPE cables removed after 18 to 25 years of operation and observed the water trees in their XLPE insulation. As a result, it was observed that breakdown voltages were larger than the maximum operating voltage (6.9 kV) and the ac voltage for the dielectric withstanding test (10.3 kV). Water trees were mainly bow‐tie water trees and their maximum length was approximately 1 mm. Although the number of measured cables was limited, the lifetime of this type of cable was estimated to be approximately 40 years, even experiencing water immersion.     

电力电缆线性高阻击穿故障的特点及定位方法

交联聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯绝缘电力电缆的大量应用中,出现了一种新型的高阻击穿:其等效电阻相当稳定,用兆欧表500 V至5000 V档测量,击穿点绝缘电阻几乎不变,该类击穿点也许不能承担高电压,但很难降低其电阻,即使施加高压脉冲也无法击穿,因此难以通过脉冲电流法,乃至二次脉冲法、三次脉冲法定位。该类高阻击穿故障被定义为线性高阻击穿故障,是目前公认的定位难点。本文详细讨论其形成的原因,定位方法等。结论是:线性高阻击穿可以使用高压定位电桥直接定位;或通过合适的烧穿源降低绝缘电阻,再使用电桥或波反射法定位,关键是烧穿源必须有足够高的电压及功率。     

Service aged 69 and 115 kV XLPE cables

Five 69 kV XLPE cables, 6 to 23 years in service and two old vintage cables from storage plus a 115 kV XLPE cable from service together with a spare cable from the same production, kept in storage, were evaluated. All components of the cables were found to show little signs of deterioration except for AC breakdown. The 69 kV XLPE cable from service has breakdown levels ranging from 10.2 to 18.2 kV/mm, the spare cable 15.0 to 17.7 kV/mm compared to 27.2 kV/mm, the only previously reported value for a new cable. The 115 kV XLPE cable had a breakdown level of 16 kV/mm and the spare 10 kV/mm. The above cables are low-stress cables. Most modern cables operate at higher voltage stresses, taking advantage of cleaner insulations with smoother shields and moisture barriers. Caution is advised in using older, low-stress cables placed in storage     

Development of 500-kV XLPE cables and accessories for long distanceunderground transmission line-Part I: insulation design of cables

This paper discusses the results of a basic study for the development of 500 kV XLPE power cables. The authors have established that the factors that decide the performance of today's XLPE cables are impurities in the insulator and protrusions on the semiconductive layer, and that the insulation performance of XLPE power cables is determined by the size of these defects. In model tests of XLPE power cables, the minimum insulation breakdown stress of cables was determined, to set the design values for 500 kV XLPE cable. As a result, it was found that it is possible to design cables having an insulation thickness of 25 mm     

Effect of water on aging of XLPE cable insulation

Cables as elements of power distribution system have great influence on its reliable service and overall planning requirements. During last years, crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) cables have been more and more used in power systems. This paper presents the results of an investigation of changing of (XLPE) cables insulation breakdown stress (AC BDS) due to water absorption. The paper deals with AC BDS of the following kinds of XLPE cable insulations: steam and dry cured with water tree retardant crosslinked polyethylene (TR-XLPE) and non-tree retardant crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE). During tests, the tap water was injected into, (1) conductor with cable ends closed; (2) into cable conductor with ends opened; and (3) into metallic screen with cable ends opened. The presence of water in XLPE cables was subjected to electrical stress and heating. AC BDS tests were performed as a function of aging time and water content in the cable insulation at different aging temperatures. Also, in this investigation, tests with the changing of AC BDS in the radial direction of unaged and aged XLPE cable insulations were carried out.     

高压XLPE电缆绝缘V t特性研究综述

交联聚乙烯（cross linked polyethylene,XLPE）绝缘电力电缆是输电线路的重要电 力设备。针对高压交流和直流电缆系统的运行现状,介绍了运用V t特性（击穿电压与击穿时间的关系）曲线描述XLPE电缆绝缘的电老化寿命模型,分析了国内外高压交、直流XLPE电缆绝缘V t特性的研究方法及相关结果。已有的研究结果表明,交流XLPE电缆绝缘的电老化寿命指数n值在9~25之间,直流XLPE电缆绝缘的电老化寿命指数n值在13~20之间。国内目前尚未见有关直流电缆绝缘V t特性研究的文献报道。     

防水型交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆结构分析

交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆因其良好的机械、电气性能和便于敷设、免维护等性能在电力系统中得到了广泛的应用。但是在数十年的运行过程中发现,电缆受潮以后性能会大幅下降,特别是容易引发会严重影响电缆使用寿命和可靠性的水树枝。经过各国专业人员努力攻关,近年来已有不少针对电缆受潮的阻水技术问世,有关新型阻水电缆结构的专利不断出现。根据对国内外文献的检索结果,对当前常用的交联聚乙烯电缆阻水技术进行了分析和分类,并针对交联聚乙烯电缆阻水技术的发展提出了自己的观点。     

实际XPLE电缆模型下升压速度对电树枝生长特性的影响

电树枝化是影响交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电力电缆运行安全与寿命的技术瓶颈。笔者采用金属针缺陷模拟电缆中集中的电场应力,研究了在工频交流电压下(50 Hz),不同实验起始升压速度(0.1 kV/s,1 kV/s)对XLPE电缆中电树枝生长特性的影响。结果表明,在高的升压速度下电树枝起始快,同时电树枝形态会由纯枝状变为稠密枝状,分形维变大。     

FoxBase在交联电缆局部放电定位中的应用

局部放电不合格对交联电力电缆是致命缺陷 ,一旦发生就必须进行定位 ,找出故障点。利用 Fox Base数据库管理系统编制的《交联电缆局部放电定位》程序对交联电缆进行故障点定位可以提高定位的准确性和工作效率 ,便于积累原始定位数据 ,分析统计各类不合格出现的几率 ,从而有效地指导生产。