红枣干酪加工工艺研究

红枣干酪是在原料乳中添加枣泥制成的,符合中国人口味的风味干酪。对影响红枣干酪凝乳效果的主要因素进行了研究,试验结果表明:添加4%的枣泥,原料乳浓度越大,凝乳效果越好,用巴氏杀菌或高温短时杀菌,调节酸度到24°T,添加0.04%的CaCl2,凝乳效果较好。     

比萨干酪的加工工艺

描述了以鲜牛乳为主要原料加工制作比萨干酪的加工工艺,主要包括原料乳杀菌、添加菌种、凝乳、切割、排乳清、热烫拉伸、盐渍等7步,也是比萨干酪加工的主要控制点。     

不同因素对羊奶干酪凝乳效果的影响

对影响羊奶干酪凝乳效果主要因素进行了研究。结果表明,原料乳浓度越大,凝乳效果越好;杀菌条件以巴氏杀菌或高温短时杀菌效果较好;添加发酵剂使乳酸度达24～25°T效果较好;CaCl2添加量以0.01%～0.03%为宜。用犊牛皱胃酶或羔羊皱胃酶作为凝乳酶,可得到较好的凝乳效果。     

Colby干酪优化参数研究

对影响Colby干酪加工主要因素进行了研究。结果表明,原料乳浓度越大,凝乳效果越好;杀菌条件以巴氏杀菌或高温短时杀菌效果较好;调整酸度为24～28oT效果较好;CaCl2添加量为0.06%为宜;用小牛皱胃酶或羔羊皱胃酶作为凝乳酶,可得较好的凝乳效果。     

花生乳干酪加工工艺研究

花生乳干酪是以部分花生乳代替牛乳制成的符合中国人口味的风味干酪。本试验对影响混合乳干酪凝乳效果的主要因素进行了研究,结果表明:当花生乳添加量为20%,发酵酸度为24°T,皱胃酶添加量为0．30%, CaCl2添加量为0．06%时凝乳效果较好。     

白牦牛乳硬质干酪加工工艺技术研究

以甘肃天祝牧区白牦牛乳为原料制作硬质干酪,优化加工白牦牛乳硬质干酪的工艺参数,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察成熟期干酪的微观结构。结果表明,白牦牛乳硬质干酪在发酵剂添加量3%,凝乳酶添加量30μl/100ml,凝乳温度40℃,凝乳pH6.1,氯化钙添加量0.03% 时,品质较好,其成熟30d 时蛋白质含量为27.82%,脂肪含量为36.43%,出品率为15.5%;成熟30d 和90d 的白牦牛乳干酪微观结构变化明显。     

花生乳牛乳混合干酪的工艺研究

对影响混合乳干酪凝乳效果的主要因素进行了研究,试验结果表明:当花生乳添加量为20%,发酵酸度为24°T,皱胃酶添加量为0．30%,CaCl_2添加量为0．06%时凝乳效果较好。     

嗜酸乳杆菌发酵生产低脂干酪凝乳工艺的优化

以脱脂乳为原料,采用嗜酸乳杆菌发酵进行预酸化,对其生产的低脂干酪凝乳工艺条件进行了研究。实验选取凝乳pH、氯化钙添加量、凝乳酶添加量、凝乳温度4个影响因素,以干酪产率、乳清中非脂乳固体物质残留量、嗜酸乳杆菌活菌数为指标,采用L₉（3⁴）正交实验进行优化。结果表明,凝乳的最佳工艺参数为凝乳pH6.0,氯化钙添加量0.02%（w/w）,凝乳酶添加量0.01%（w/w,酶活20000u/g）,凝乳温度35℃,以此条件生产的低脂干酪脂肪含量小于5%,干酪产率29.41%,乳清中非脂乳固体物质残留量5.66%,嗜酸乳杆菌活菌数在10⁹cfu/mL以上。     

豆奶软质干酪的研制

通过不同豆奶比例、发酵剂添加量、氯化钙添加量对凝乳特性的影响进行研究，确定了豆奶软质干酪的制作工艺为：原料奶-杀菌-冷却（32℃）-混合（加入豆奶比例为20％）-加发酵剂（0．20％）-加氯化钙（0．06％）-加凝乳酶-切割-排乳清-压榨-盐渍-喷霉-熟化（后发酵）-包装，可得口感风味良好的白霉成熟干酪。     

羊奶牛奶混合干酪加工工艺研究

为改进羊奶牛奶混合干酪加工工艺,本实验以羊奶粉和鲜牛奶为原料,研究了牛奶添加比例、不同凝乳酶、杀菌条件、酸化条件和氯化钙添加量对混合干酪凝乳效果、出品率和感官品质的影响。结果表明,添加35% 的鲜牛奶,选用羔羊皱胃酶为凝乳酶,巴氏杀菌(63℃,30min),酸化pH6.20,氯化钙添加量为0.02% 时混
合干酪的品质较好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press