铸造Pr—Fe—B磁体的热压变形研究

研究了铸造Pr_(19)Fe_(74.5)B_5Cu_(1.5)磁体的热压变形过程,结果表明,无论经受何种变形方式,磁体易轴[001]总是沿压缩变形方向取向排列,随着热压变形的进行,磁体发生Pr_2Fe_(14)B主相晶粒的碎化和晶粒间相对滑动和转动,以及富Pr液相被挤出,最终形成细小、致密的取向组织,磁性能提高到B_r=990mT,i_H_c=880kA/m和(BH)_m=191kJ/m~3矫顽力的提高归因于主相晶粒碎化和富Pr相在晶间均匀连续分布,剩磁的提高则主要由已碎化晶粒在变形中相对滑动和转动所形成的易轴取向排列以及主相晶粒的致密化贡献,变形充分而缓慢应是获得较强易轴取向和较高磁性能的重要条件。     

添加Dy和Dy2O3的烧结NdFeB系永磁体的显微结构与磁硬化

研究了(Nd_(1-x)Dy_x)_(16)Fe_(77.2)B_(6.8)和Nd_(16)Fe_(77.2)B_(6.8)+ywt-% Dy_2O_3磁体的磁性能、显微结构和磁硬化,在冶炼时添加Dy,Dy原子进入基体相,使其H_A提高,并细化晶粒和改善边界结构,提高磁体的矫顽力H_c,在制粉时添加Dy_2O_3,Dy原子进入基体相晶粒的外延展,使其K_1~2提高,同样细化晶粒和改善边界结构,并减少外延层厚度,提高磁体的矫顽力H_(ci),添加约2—3Wt—%的Dy_2O_3可制造出高H_(ci)高磁能积(BH)_m的NdFeB系烧结永磁材料。     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC HARDENING OF SINTERED NdFeB MAGNETS DOPPED WIHT Dy OR Dy_2O_3

The magnetic properties,microstructure and magnetic hardening of sintered(Nd_(1-x)Dy_x)_(16)Fe_(77.2)B_(6.8) and Nd_(16)Fe_(77.2)B_(6.8)+ywt-%Dy_2O_3 magnets have been stud-ied.As an addition of Dy to the magnet during smelting,Dy atoms may enter thematrix phase Nd_2Fe_(14)B,so as to enhance H_A,refine grains and improve boundary struc-ture,as well as to increase H_(ci)of the magnet.If Dy_2O_3 is added to powder materialprior to sintering,Dy atoms diffuse into the epitaxial layer of grains of matrix phasecausing enhancement of K′_1,also refinement of grains and improvement of boundarystructure.The NdFeB based permanent magnets with higher H_(ci) and greater(BH)_mmay be produced by adding about 2—3 wt-% Dy_2O_3 which make a favourable conditionfor lower cost.     

放电等离子烧结制备纳米晶双相耦合(NdDy)11.5(FeCoNb)82.4B6.1致密磁体

使用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备致密的纳米晶交换耦合Nd_2Fe_(14)B/α-Fe永磁合金.研究烧结温度、时间、压力对合金磁性能和显微组织的影响.结果表明,随温度、压力的升高,密度增大,磁能积增加;但温度过高或时间过长,使得晶粒长大,导致矫顽力降低.在烧结压力为500 MPa,烧结温度为700 ℃保温3 min后,得到密度为7.6 g/cm~3,晶粒细小的致密块体,其磁性能为:B_r=0.81 T,H_(ci) =856 kA·m~(-1),(BH)_m =106 kJ·m~(-3),其晶粒大小约20 nm.     

TRANSFORMATION OF Nd_(14)Fe_(73)Co_6B_7 ALLOY UNDER HYDROGEN TREATMENT

The phase constitution and variation of Nd_(14)Fe_(73)Co_6B_7 alloy after hydriding and subsequentdehydriding treatment at 770℃ have been investigated respectively by means of X-raydiffraction,SEM,TEM and magnetic measurement techniques.The original coarse,as castgrain structure,is dissolved into α-Fe,Nd hydride and Fe_2B mixture with average dimensionof 0.1 μm,during hydriding process,and subsequently the triphase mixture recombined intofinely unique Nd_2Fe_(14)B phase with dimension of 0.3 μm by desorbing the hydrogen.It wasfound that the Nd-rich phase distributed at the boundary of as-cast grain structure diffusedinto matrix Nd_2Fe_(14)B grain during hydriding.It remains during dehydriding and distributehomogeneously around some colonies composed of fine grains of Nd_2Fe_(14)B.     

放电等离子烧结-热变形技术制备NdFeB永磁材料

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)方法烧结HDDRNdFeB粉末,研究烧结温度对制备NdFeB永磁材料密度和磁性能的影响。随着烧结温度在650～900℃范围内升高,剩磁、内禀矫顽力及最大磁能积均呈现先升后降的趋势。800℃烧结所获得磁体的磁性能最佳:Br=0.78T,Hcj=577kA/m,(BH)max=78kJ/m3,其致密度达到了99%。微观组织、XRD图谱及磁性能均表明800℃烧结的磁体出现了一定程度的各向异性。900℃烧结时,晶粒长大明显。进而选择具有最佳磁性能的磁体在800℃进行热变形(HD)处理,制备出各向异性磁体。热变形制备的磁体中,大部分晶粒为扁平片状且c轴取向与热压方向一致;少量异常长大晶粒会使细小Nd2Fe14B晶粒的c轴偏离压力方向。各向异性磁体沿c轴的磁性能为:Br=1.09T,Hcj=384kA/m,(BH)max=114kJ/m3。     

粉末烧结钕铁硼激光熔凝层的易磁化轴取向

研究当各向异性粉末烧结Nd15Fe77B8永磁体的磁化方向分别与x,y,z轴平行时,其上激光熔凝层中Nd2Fe14B胞柱晶的易磁化轴的取向特征.采用XRD,SEM,Bitter粉纹等实验方法对粉末烧结Nd15Fe77B8永磁体表面的激光熔凝层进行了分析.结果表明:当磁体的磁化方向分别与x,y轴平行时,其上激光熔凝层中Nd2Fe14B胞柱晶的易磁化轴具有与粉末烧结基体相同的取向;而当磁体的磁化方向与z轴平行时,其上激光熔凝层中的Nd2Fe14B胞柱晶的易磁化轴在xoy平面内随机分布.在激光快速熔凝条件下,磁体表面激光熔凝层中的胞状Nd2Fe14B的择优生长方向为[100]晶向.     

Nd含量对纳米晶Nd_xFe_(94-x)B_6合金磁性能的影响

用X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、高分辨扫描电镜(HRSEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等研究了Nd含量对快淬纳米晶NdxFe94-xB6(x=11.0-16.8)合金的组织结构、磁性能、交换耦合作用和矫顽力的影响.结果表明,22 m/s(甩带速度)快淬带在最佳退火条件下,合金带的内禀矫顽力Hci由x=11.0的601.. kA/m单调升高到x=16.8的1277.3 kA/m;相反,剩余磁极化强度Jr由x=11.0的1.047 T单调下降到x=16.8的0.721 T,最大磁能积(BH)max随Nd含量增加先升高后下降Nd11.8Fe82.2B6金带的综合性能最好:Jr=0.992 T,Hci=727.9 kA/m,(BH)max=137.2 kJ/m3.Nd2Fe14B晶粒之间的交换耦合作用随Nd含量增加而降低,但x=16.8的合金带仍具有较强的交换耦合作用.矫顽力主要由钉扎场决定.最佳退火后,合金薄带的晶粒尺寸随Nd含量增加无明显变化.针对不同Nd含量的合金,建立了一个组织模型,利用该模型很好地解释了Nd含量对磁性能及交换耦合作用的影响机制.     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF Nd-Fe-B AND Pr-Fe-B PHASE DIAGRAMS

With the aid of 3-dimensional topological analysis methodology,relationships amongphage regions on the isothermal section of the Nd-Fe-B phase diagram at 1000℃ andthose on vertical sections of the Pr-Fe-B phase diagram passing through Pr_2 Fe_(14)B pointhave been re-discussed and modified.     

放电等离子烧结-热变形各向异性Nd-Fe-B磁体的微观组织及磁性能

采用放电等离子烧结及后续热变形技术制备各向异性Nd-Fe-B磁体,研究烧结温度对放电等离子烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体微观组织和磁性能的影响。随着烧结温度在650~900°C范围内的升高,烧结态Nd-Fe-B磁体的剩磁、内禀矫顽力及最大磁能积呈现先升后降的趋势。在800°C下烧结所获得磁体的磁性能最佳。随后,对800°C烧结后具有最佳磁性能的磁体采用放电等离子烧结技术进行后续热变形处理。与初始吸氢-歧化-脱氢-再复合粉末和烧结态磁体相比,热变形磁体拥有更显著的各向异性和更好的磁性能。当热变形温度为800°C且压缩比为50%时,热变形磁体中的Nd2Fe14B晶粒呈扁平片状且不发生异常长大;磁体沿热压方向具有最佳的磁性能：Br、Hcj和（BH）max分别为1.16 T、449 k A/m和178 k J/m3。     

Deformation banding in a Nb polycrystal deformed by successive compression tests

A large-grained Nb polycrystal was successively uniaxially compressed to different cumulative strains to study the evolution of both the microstructure and the orientation of individual grains. After each deformation step, one grain which shows a banded structure was characterized in detail using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to better understand the formation process of the deformation band (DB). The generation of the DB, which is observed after 11.5% reduction, involves the splitting of a transition band (TB) into two rotation fronts moving in opposite directions. These rotation fronts subseuqently evolve into the boundary of a DB whose alignment is associated with the observed primary and secondary slip systems. Post-analysis consists not only of slip system analysis based on image quality maps but also of lattice rotation analysis based on EBSD data. The latter shows that the orientation evolutions in the matrix and the DB are around the same rotation axis, but with opposite sense of rotation. In addition, grains with similar orientation but different deformation behaviors are compared to investigate the underlying difference in the mechanism of grain splitting. It is found that the formation of a DB occurs where a long-range stress field was created at a lower strain. Since the location of this long-range stress field is orientation dependent, whether or not a grain shows a banded structure strongly depends on its initial orientation. At the end of this paper, a mechanism for the formation of a band structure is suggested.     

MAGNETOSTRICTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF R（Fe_（1－x）Al_x）_y ALLOYS（R＝Dy_（0．65）Tb_（0．25）Pr_（0．1））

ＭＡＧＮＥＴＯＳＴＲＩＣＴＩＶＥＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＵＲＯＦＲ（Ｆｅ_（１－ｘ）Ａｌ_ｘ）_ｙＡＬＬＯＹＳ（Ｒ＝Ｄｙ_（０．６５）Ｔｂ_（０．２５）Ｐｒ_（０．１））￥ＷＡＮＧＢｏｗｅｎ;ＷＵＣｈａｎｇｈｅｎｇ;ＺＨＵＡＮＧＹｕｚｈｉ;ＪＩＮＸｉｍｅｉ;ＬＩＪｉ...     

热变形法制备高性能整体辐射取向永磁环

采用快淬法制备了名义成分为Nd31FebalCo6.0Ga0.6Al0.2B0.9(质量分数)的磁粉,经过机械破碎后,真空热压成各向同性圆柱,然后进行热变形制备辐射取向整体永磁环。研究了热变形温度、磁体变形量对磁体磁性能的影响,并对磁体微观组织结构进行了SEM观察。结果表明,磁性能随热变形温度、变形量增加都是先增加后减小,这与磁体晶粒尺寸和取向有关。当热变形温度、变形量分别为800℃、80%时得到的磁体性能最佳,且具有良好的取向。永磁环表面磁场呈近似的正弦波分布,最高值达3200Gs以上。表面磁场均匀性和一致性均有所提高。     

Effects of Ti and(or) Cu on microstructures and magnetic properties of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｗｅｌｌｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｇｒａｎｕｌａｒｍｉ ｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｄＮｄ Ｆｅ Ｂｍａｇｎｅｔｓｐｌａｙｓａｋｅｙｒｏｌｅｉｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｒｃｏｅｒｃｉｖｉｔｙ[1,2 ] .Ｅａｒｌｉｅｒｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｇｒａｎｕｌａｒｍｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｓｃｏｍ ｐｏｓｅｄｏｆａＮｄ ｒｉｃｈｐｈａｓｅａｎｄａｓｍａｌｌａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆＢ ｒｉｃｈｐｈａｓｅ.Ｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｈｏｗｎｔ…     

Effects of Reinforced Particles on Dynamic Recrystallization of Mg Base Alloys during Hot Extrusion

主要研究了SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料在不同挤压比、不同挤压温度下进行挤压后,SiC颗粒对镁合金基体中的动态再结晶现象影响。结果表明:挤压过程中颗粒周围产生了颗粒变形区(PDZ),并且颗粒变形区在低温挤压时以细小动态再结晶晶粒为主。颗粒促进动态再结晶晶粒形成的主要原因是颗粒周围较高的位错密度以及大的晶粒取向梯度。SiC颗粒对镁合金基体动态再结晶的影响主要有两方面:一方面,颗粒促进动态再结晶的形核以及生长,另一方面,当再结晶晶粒晶界碰到颗粒时,颗粒阻止了晶粒的继续长大。     

COERCIVITY AND ITS GRAIN SIZE DEPENDENCE IN CAST-HOT PRESSED Pr-Fe-B MAGNETS

Characteristics of magnetic hardening in cast-hot pressed magnet Pr_(19)Fe_(74.5)B_5Cu_(1.5)were stu-died.The microstructure features and virgin magnetization curve reveal a nucleation control-led coercivity mechanism.Regression analysis shows that the intrinsic coercivity variesinversely as the logarithm of the average grain size:_iH_c(MA/m)=1.7312-0.48161nd(μm)which confirms the randomness of nucleation of reversed domains and the statistical nature ofcoercivity,indicating that the decrease of grain size would reduce the average number of de-fects on its surface and lower the probability of magnetization reversal of a grain and the cu-mulative fraction of the grains that have reversed their magnetization.Coercivity is thus en-hanced.     

Microstructures and magnetic properties of Ce32.15Co49.36Cu9.84Fe9.65 magnet sintered at different temperatures

The microstructures and magnetic properties of Ce32.15Co49.36Cu9.84Fe9.65 magnet sintered at the temperatures ranging from 1005 to 1105 ℃ were investigated.The results on scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis indicate that the remanence Br of the magnets is mainly influenced by the degree of the easy-axis orientation when sintering temperature is less than 1085 ℃,the rapidly increasing amount of the secondly phase (5∶19 phase) gives rise to the deterioration of the magnetic properties of the magnet above 1085 ℃.Moreover,it is found that intrinsic coercivity Hci is strongly related to the content of copper in the matrix of the sintered magnets.The optimal sintering temperature is located in 1025～1055 ℃,the corresponding magnetic properties of the magnets are Br=0.685 T,Hci=350 kA·m-1,and maximum energy product (BH)m=85.6 kJ.m-3.     

热变形温度对纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体性能的影响

为了研究纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体的热变形机理,在不同温度下对快淬粉进行热压热变形处理.通过分析不同温度下热变形过程中应力和磁体应变的变化,以及磁性能和SEM测试,研究了温度对热变形磁体性能和微观结构的影响,分析了热变形过程的热变形机理.结果表明,纳米晶磁体存在最佳的热压温度和热变形温度.当热压温度为550℃,热变形温度...     

AZ31B镁合金挤压板材单向拉伸的取向演变研究

文章利用SEM/EBSD技术,研究了室温下镁合金挤压板材AZ31B单向拉伸时发生的晶粒取向旋转。根据实验结果和Sachs晶体塑性模型计算结果,详细分析了晶粒基体的拉伸轴向旋转变化规律和滑移系的开动机制,并分析了拉伸孪晶量的影响因素。结果表明,交滑移系的开动可以解释晶粒拉伸轴的变化规律;初始取向不同的晶粒表现出明显不同孪生行为;拉伸孪生量与拉伸孪生的Schmid因子值,以及晶粒拉伸轴和其c轴间的角度密切相关。     

Effects of Tool Rotation Rates on Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Friction Stir Processed Mg-Zn-Y-Zr AlloyEI北大核心CSCD

Compared to conventional Mg-Al and Mg-Zn system magnesium alloys, the Mg-Zn-Y-Zr heat-resistant alloy exhibits high thermal stability due to the addition of Y earth element, which is an ideal candidate for producing high strain rate superplasticity (HSRS, strain rate >= 1 x 10(-2) s(-1)). Recently, the HSRS of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy was achieved by friction stir processing (FSP), because the FSP resulted in the generation of fine and equiaxed recrystallized grains and fine and homogeneous second phase particles. However, the study on superplastic deformation mechanism of FSP Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy at various parameters is limited relatively. Therefore, at the present work, six millimeters thick as-extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Zr plates were subjected to FSP at relatively wide heat input range of rotation rates of 800 r/min to 1600 r/min with a constant traverse speed of 100 mm/min, obtaining FSP samples consisting of homogeneous, fine and equiaxed dynamically recrystallized grains and fine and uniform Mg-Zn-Y ternary phase (W-phase) particles. With increasing rotation rate, within the FSP samples the W-phase particles were broken up and dispersed significantly and the recrystallized grains were refined slightly, while the fraction ratio of the high angle grain boundaries (grain boundaries misorientation angle >= 15 degrees) was increased obviously. Increasing rotation rate resulted in an increase in both optimum strain rate and superplastic elongation. For the FSP sample obtained at 1600 r/min, a maximum elongation of 1200% was achieved at a high-strain rate of 1x10(-2) s(-1) and 450 degrees C. Grain boundary sliding was identified to be the primary deformation mechanism in the FSP samples at various rotation rates by superplastic data analyses and surfacial morphology observations. Furthermore, the increase in rotation rate accelerated superplastic deformation kinetics remarkably. For the FSP sample at 1600 r/min, superplastic deformation kinetics is in good agreement with the prediction by the superplastic constitutive equation for fine-grained magnesium alloys governed by grain boundary sliding mechanism.