飞秒激光烧蚀不锈钢的实验研究

进行了飞秒激光烧蚀不锈钢(SUS420)的工艺实验研究。采用波长为780nm,脉宽为164fs,频率为1k Hz的飞秒激光照射不锈钢。对比分析了长短脉冲激光烧蚀不锈钢的作用过程,计算了单脉冲飞秒激光烧蚀不锈钢的烧蚀阈值和烧蚀阈值随脉冲数量改变的累计系数,研究了不同激光参数烧蚀不锈钢的工艺规律。结果表明:飞秒激光烧蚀金属材料的过程中对加工区域周围具有较小的热影响;单脉冲飞秒激光烧蚀不锈钢的烧蚀阈值为0.25J/cm2,烧蚀阈值随脉冲数量改变的累计系数为0.68;飞秒激光脉冲能量对烧蚀孔孔径的增加比较明显,脉冲数量对烧蚀孔孔深的增加比较显著。     

声光调Q YAG脉冲激光修锐和整形青铜金刚石砂轮

采用声光调Q钇铝石榴石(Yttriumaluminumgarnet,YAG)脉冲激光径向辐照,修锐和整形青铜金刚石砂轮。通过建立传热学数学模型和数值计算以及激光单脉冲烧蚀试验,分析了修锐和整形机理,找到了合理的修锐和整形的激光参数与工艺参数。设计和研发了一套在线检测闭环控制激光烧蚀系统,利用该系统控制激光烧蚀过程,进行了青铜金刚石砂轮修整,得到了较高的整形精度和良好的地形地貌,并且实现了一道工序同时整形与修锐。通过磨削对比试验分析了修整效果。     

三维激光烧蚀加工的试验研究

针对激光烧蚀加工出三维表面所存在的几个问题,即沿光轴方向的尺寸精度,必要的表面粗糙度和表面完整性,设计了一种扩束-无球差聚焦光路系统,并配合适当的激光焦斑峰值功率密度,大大改善了直接切削的尺寸精度,从传热学角度分析了激光烧蚀的能量传输,获得了对激光烧蚀过程的了解,以陶瓷为例的激光烧蚀实验证实了这一分析的正确性,从而为改善激光烧蚀加工的表面粗糙度提供了依据。     

超声振动辅助气中放电加工温度场模拟

用ANSYS以有限元软件对超声振动辅助气中放电加工过程的温度场进行了数值模拟。分析了单脉冲气中放电加工过程中不同功率密度输入情况下的温度场分布 ,得出了不同脉冲宽度和功率密度对放电凹坑形状和放电加工工件表面粗糙度的影响规律。并通过试验对模拟结果进行了验证 ,发现与试验结果一致     

电火花单脉冲放电实验研究

单脉冲放电过程是电火花放电加工的基础,借助脉冲个数和脉宽参数均可调的脉冲电源在不锈钢和紫铜两种材料的工件上进行了电火花单脉冲放电实验,对单脉冲放电蚀除的特征和规律进行了探索研究。对单脉冲放电蚀除凹坑尺寸的统计与分析结果表明:正极性加工得到的凹坑较大且形状规则,单脉冲能量较小时,凹坑直径深度比更大,能量利用率更低。     

飞秒激光精修面齿轮的扫描烧蚀特征控制

基于飞秒激光精修面齿轮时的能量累积效应,建立了光子-电子-晶格系统间耦合作用的三温传热模型,提出一种确定飞秒激光烧蚀齿面扫描路径间扫描间距的方法。仿真得出,能量密度为6.47 J/cm2时,平衡温度3200 K超过材料的熔化温度,热累积效应明显。根据不同的扫描间距计算激光累积强度,以控制凹坑烧蚀深度和轮廓。实验结果显示,能量密度为6.47 J/cm2时,随着扫描间距的减小,激光累积强度增大,齿面的烧蚀深度线性增大;扫描间距为25 μm时的齿轮表面加工质量良好。     

电火花加工单脉冲放电通道直径扩展规律研究

电火花加工的加工表面是由一系列的脉冲放电凹坑叠加而成的,因此研究单脉冲放电通道直径的扩展规律,对研究电火花加工的工艺规律以及加工表面质量预测等具有非常重要的意义。研究脉冲放电通道的形成与扩展机理,讨论电压、极值电流、脉宽等放电参数对放电通道直径扩展的影响,并根据理论推导建立了单脉冲放电通道直径扩展的数学模型。以煤油作为电介质工作液开展了单脉冲放电试验,使用超景深显微镜对单脉冲放电凹坑的直径进行了测量,并把测量得到的单脉冲放电直径数据代入建立的数学模型进行回归求解。回归公式的计算值与试验测量得到的单脉冲直径数据吻合度较高。     

织构边缘凸起对压裂泵柱塞密封副摩擦性能的影响

采用纳秒激光烧蚀技术在柱塞单元盘试件表面烧蚀出3种不同分布的条形和椭圆形凹坑织构,利用MMW-1型微机控制式万能摩擦磨损试验机,在模拟工况下(试验力400 N,转速200~1 500 r/min),研究纳秒激光烧蚀加工产生的金属熔融堆积造成的织构边缘凸起对压裂泵柱塞-橡胶动密封配对副摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:存在边缘凸起的织构对柱塞-橡胶配对副没有明显的减摩和抗磨性能,反而加剧了其摩擦磨损,其主要原因是微凹坑织构的边缘凸起加剧了柱塞试样与橡胶配对副的相互刮擦,凹坑的微流体动压润滑效应小于凹坑边缘凸起对配对副的刮擦作用;经抛光处理后的织构试件的摩擦因数和磨损量都低于无织构试件和未经抛光处理的织构试件,表明控制表面织构的加工质量可有效提高织构试件的抗磨减摩性能。     

边缘凸起织构化压裂泵柱塞密封副摩擦磨损性能

采用纳秒激光烧蚀技术在柱塞单元盘试件表面烧蚀出3种不同分布的条形和椭圆形凹坑织构,利用MMW 1型微机控制式万能摩擦磨损试验机,在模拟工况下（试验力400 N,转速200~1 500 r/min）,研究纳秒激光烧蚀加工产生的金属熔融堆积造成的织构边缘凸起对压裂泵柱塞-橡胶动密封配对副摩擦性能的影响。结果表明：存在边缘凸起的织构对柱塞-橡胶配对副没有明显的减摩和抗磨性能,反而加剧了其摩擦磨损,其主要原因是微凹坑织构的边缘凸起加剧了柱塞试样与橡胶配对副的相互刮擦,凹坑的微流体动压润滑效应小于凹坑边缘凸起对配对副的刮擦作用;经抛光处理后的织构试件的摩擦因数和磨损量都低于无织构试件和未经抛光处理的织构试件,表明控制表面织构的加工质量可有效提高织构试件的抗磨减摩性能。     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢箔的飞秒激光烧蚀

利用飞秒激光对厚度为20 μm的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢箔进行了表面烧蚀、微细切割等试验,并研究了不锈钢箔的烧蚀特性。首先,根据烧蚀区域的直径和脉冲能量的关系,得到了0Cr18Ni9不锈钢箔的单脉冲烧蚀阈值,并估算了飞秒激光的束腰半径。然后,对飞秒激光切割不锈钢箔的边缘进行金相观察并测试了切割试件的电阻率,以确定飞秒激光切割对不锈钢箔的热影响。最后,对切割试件进行X射线衍射分析(XRD),以确定飞秒激光切割对不锈钢箔物相组成的影响。实验结果表明:飞秒激光的束腰半径为10.416 μm;厚度为20 μm的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢箔的单脉冲烧蚀阈值为0.455 J/cm²;飞秒激光切割后试件的金相组织处于回复阶段,因此金相组织不会产生明显变化;飞秒激光切割后不锈钢箔的物相组成没有变化,但物相的相对含量发生了改变。     

硅片激光弯曲成形的数值模拟与实验

介绍了一种利用脉冲激光塑性化弯曲单晶硅片的新方法。在分析和描述光脉冲时空特性的基础上,运用有限元分析软件ANSYS对硅片弯曲过程进行建模仿真,得到了脉冲激光弯曲过程中温度场与应力应变的仿真结果。对脉冲激光作用过程中温度场与应力应变的周期性瞬间变化特征进行了描述,指出了脆性材料硅片的脉冲激光弯曲机理不属于简单意义上的温度梯度机理或屈曲机理,而是二种机理共同作用的结果。通过6次扫描试验实现了对硅片的有效弯曲,弯曲角度达6.5º,仿真结果与验证性试验相符。     

Modeling and optimization of Nd:YAG laser micro-weld process using Taguchi Method and a neural network

The use of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the 0.1 mm- thick aluminum alloy lap micro-weld process was optimized. The welding parameters that influence the quality of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser lap micro-weld were evaluated by measuring of the tensile-shear strength. In this work, the Taguchi method was adopted to perform the initial optimization of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser micro-weld process parameters. A neural network with a Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation (LMBP) algorithm was then adopted to develop the relationships between the welding process parameters and the tensile-shear strength of each weldment. The optimal parameters of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser micro-weld process were determined by simulating parameters using a well-trained back-propagation neural network model. Experimental results illustrate the proposed approach.     

收发同轴脉冲激光引信在水雾中的后向散射偏振特性

考虑激光引信的探测性能易受大气气溶胶的散射作用和吸收作用的影响,本文基于Mie散射理论,采用Monte Carlo方法模拟了脉冲激光在水雾中的后向散射偏振特性。对1~10μm的19种粒径的水雾进行仿真,获得了典型波长和水雾粒径下激光后向散射的平均偏振对比度。建立了收发同轴脉冲激光在水雾下的后向散射偏振特性实验系统,通过改变超声波加湿器的浓度,得到了5种典型粒径的模拟水雾粒子,并对其进行了实验。研究结果表明:当水雾粒径在1~10μm时,激光后向散射的平均偏振对比度为0.30~0.65,实验结果与仿真结果具有较好的一致性。得到的结果证明了激光后向散射理论模型和Monte Carlo仿真的正确性,为激光引信的抗水雾干扰研究提供了理论支撑。     

激光烧蚀金刚石磨粒及其变质层与微裂纹分析

采用声光调Q Nd:YAG脉冲激光烧蚀金刚石磨粒,研究激光参数对磨粒变质层及微裂纹的影响。首先建立传热学数学模型,进行模拟计算,然后通过烧蚀试验和实际检测进行验证,分析其原因,总结出脉冲激光的重复频率是影响变质层和表面微裂纹的主要因素。     

Analysis of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of AISI 304 steel

Pulsed laser welding of AISI 304 stainless steel plate was simulated using commercial finite element software to determine the optimal welding conditions. Due to geometric symmetry, only one plate was modeled to reduce the simulation computation time. User subroutines were created to account for a moving three-dimensional heat source and to apply boundary conditions. The material properties such as conductivity, specific heat, and mass density were determined as functions of temperature. The latent heat was considered within the given temperature range. The three-dimensional heat source model for pulsed laser beam butt welding was designed by comparing the finite element analysis results and experimental data. This successful simulation of pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding for AISI 304 stainless steel will prove useful for determining optimal welding conditions.     

Pulsed UV laser ablation of a liquid crystal polymer

The topographical and chemical characterizations caused by irradiation of a pulsed UV laser were studied experimentally and theoretically for Vectra A950, a thermoplastic pure liquid crystal polymer (LCP). Effects of laser fluence on the crater sizes and morphologies were analyzed and discussed. Based on energy balance, an analytical model was presented to simulate the dependence of ablation rate on laser fluence. The FTIR spectroscopy was used to investigate the mechanism of 355 nm UV YAG laser ablation of LCP.     

Numerical analysis of Nd:YAG pulsed laser polishing CVD self-standing diamond film

Chemical vapor deposited(CVD) diamond film has broad application foreground in high-tech fields.But polycrystalline CVD self-standing diamond thick film has rough surface and non-uniform thickness that adversely affect its extensive applications.Laser polishing is a useful method to smooth self-standing diamond film.At present,attentions have been focused on experimental research on laser polishing,but the revealing of theoretical model and the forecast of polishing process are vacant.The paper presents a finite element model to simulate and analyze the mechanism of laser polishing diamond based on laser thermal conduction theory.The experimental investigation is also carried out on Nd:YAG pulsed laser smoothing diamond thick film.The simulation results have good accordance with the results of experimental results.The temperature and thermal stress fields are investigated at different incidence angles and parameters of Nd:YAG pulsed laser.The pyramidal-like roughness of diamond thick film leads to the non-homogeneous temperature fields.The temperature at the peak of diamond film is much higher than that in the valley,which leads to the smoothing of diamond thick film.The effect of laser parameters on the surface roughness and thickness of graphite transition layer is also carried out.The results show that high power density laser makes the diamond surface rapid heating,evaporation and sublimation after its graphitization.It is also found that the good polish quality of diamond thick film can be obtained by a combination of large incident angle,moderate laser pulsed energy,large repetition rate and moderate laser pulse width.The results obtained here provide the theoretical basis for laser polishing diamond film with high efficiency and high quality.     

脉冲光纤激光诱导氧化硬质合金的温度场分布

利用ABAQUS建立了三维瞬态传热模型,计算了激光诱导下的温度场分布情况,并研究了激光参数对温度场的影响。仿真结果表明,工件最高温度随着单脉冲能量的增大以及扫描速度和光斑直径的减小而增大,热影响区的最大深度和宽度随着单脉冲能量的增大以及扫描速度和光斑直径的减小而增大。研究结果为优选激光诱导氧化硬质合金材料时的激光参数提供了重要依据。     

Adaptive volumetric heat source models for laser beam and laser + pulsed GMAW hybrid welding processes

Laser + pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW) hybrid welding process is an attractive joining technology in industry due to its synergy of the two processes. It is of great significance to conduct fundamental investigations involving mathematical modeling and understanding of the hybrid welding process. In this study, an adaptive heat source model is first developed for laser beam welding. Through combining the ray-tracing method with the keyhole profile determination technique based on the local energy balance, the keyhole shape and size are calculated and correlated to the distribution parameters of the volumetric heat source model. Then, thermal action characteristics in laser + pulsed GMAW hybrid welding are considered from viewpoint of macro-heat transfer, and a combined volumetric heat source model for hybrid welding is developed to take consideration of heat input from laser, pulsed gas metal arc, and overheated droplets. Numerical analysis of thermal conduction in hybrid welding is conducted. The shape and size of fusion zone and weld dimension in the quasi-steady state are calculated for various hybrid welding conditions, which have a fair agreement with the experimental results.     

调Q脉冲CO2激光切割Si3N4工程陶瓷的机理研究

采用调Q脉冲CO2激光器对Si3N4工程陶瓷进行了切割试验.在计及切口烧蚀前沿形状和高斯光束空间能量分布的前提下,采用简化的二维模型,针对气化切割过程,在能量平衡基础上,建立了一个脉冲激光切割数学模型.试验结果表明,采用高速多次重复走刀工艺可实现无损伤激光切割.