18Ni(200)马氏体时效钢的循环相变晶粒细化新工艺

研究了一种18Ni(200)马氏体时效钢的晶粒细化热处理新工艺。将高温固溶后具有粗大原始奥氏体晶粒的试样在不同温度短时保温,通过金相观察确定再结晶温度点。将试样加热到此点以上不同温度后冷却至室温,进行α′γ循环相变以细化晶粒,结合相变精细微观组织分析,开发出变温循环相变晶粒细化新工艺,达到了较好的细化效果。并较大幅度地提高了18Ni(200)马氏体时效钢的强度和塑性。     

18Ni（200）马氏体时交钢的循环相变晶粒细化新工艺

研究了一种18Ni(200)马氏体时效钢的晶粒细化热处理新工艺。将高温固溶后具有粗大原努奥休氏晶粒的试样在不同温度短时保温，通过金相观察确定再结晶温度点，将试样加热到此点以上不同温度后冷却至室温，进行α=γ循环相变以细化晶粒，结合相变精细微观组织分析，开发出变温循环相变晶粒细化新工艺，达到了较好的细化效果，并较大幅度地提高了18Ni(200)马氏体时效钢的强度和塑性。     

铈对低合金超高强钢马氏体相变行为的影响

 为了研究稀土元素铈对低合金超高强钢马氏体相变组织及动力学过程的影响,制备了不含铈与铈质量分数为0.079 2%的两组对比试验用钢。采用OM、SEM和TEM分析了试验用钢的显微组织,并利用DIL805A淬火膨胀仪绘制了马氏体相变动力学曲线。研究结果表明,铈的添加细化了原奥氏体晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸由7.63减小到6.42 μm;细小的奥氏体晶粒使马氏体板条宽度得到细化,平均宽度由250减少到211 nm。此外,对于马氏体相变动力学,铈的添加使马氏体相变开始温度(M_s)由391降低到380 ℃;在马氏体相变前中期,铈阻碍了马氏体转变,在马氏体相变后期,铈促进了马氏体转变。     

C-Si-Mn-B系贝氏体钢的强度及强化机制

测定并分析了中碳和中低碳C-Si-Mn-B系贝氏体钢的抗拉强度及强化机制，结果表明，该钢具有较高的强度和良好的塑性，减小贝氏体铁素体板条宽度和提高板条内的位错密度对贝氏体的强化有较大贡献，在贝氏体/马氏体复相组织的强化机制中，应考虑下贝氏体板条对原奥氏体晶粒的分割细化效应以及马氏体对贝氏体板条变形的约束作用。由强化机制计算的强度值与实测值有较好的一致性。     

循环相变对00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4Ti马氏体时效不锈钢 晶粒细化和力学性能的影响

研究了00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4Ti马氏体时效不锈钢(/%:0.009C、13.28Cr、7.37Ni、5.36Co、3.59Mo、0.66Ti)经4次860℃15 min水冷循环处理的细化晶粒工艺对力学性能的影响。以1 100℃1 h固溶处理的组织为原始组织,经3～4次循环相变处理后,马氏体时效不锈钢的晶粒尺寸由180μm细化至10μm的细小等轴晶粒。与传统1 100℃1 h固溶+450℃9 h时效工艺相比,经1 100℃1 h固溶+860℃15 min水冷α′↔γ循环相变+450℃9 h时效的钢的屈服强度σ_0.2由1 420 MPa提高至1 560 MPa,伸长率δ由12.6%提高至14.9%。     

18Ni型马氏体时效钢热挤压管粗晶细化热处理工艺研究

本文较系统地总结了18Ni型马氏体时效钢热挤压管粗晶细化工艺的研究过程。试验结果表明:利用相变成核原理,采取低温循环淬火快速加热方式可克服组织遗传性。晶粒细化的机制在于低温循环加热淬火可增加晶界面积,以及再加热时发生“晶粒边界效应”从而大大提高了奥氏体的成核率。     

细晶强化和位错强化对中锰马氏体钢的强化作用

 研究了碳和锰含量对淬火中锰马氏体钢的位错密度、残余奥氏体含量、晶粒尺寸等组织结构以及室温力学性能的影响。借助于SEM、EBSD、TEM和XRD表征了材料的微观组织,探讨了马氏体钢的强化机制。结果表明:随着碳含量增加,淬火中锰钢的位错密度和残余奥氏体体积分数逐渐增加,板条束和板条块尺寸逐渐细化,大角晶界百分数逐渐增加,强度逐渐升高;增加锰含量能够提高马氏体钢的位错密度和抗拉强度。分析认为,位错强化和细晶强化是淬火中锰马氏体钢的主要强化机制。马氏体板条尺寸是马氏体抗拉强度的结构控制单元,而原奥氏体晶粒尺寸则是马氏体屈服强度的结构控制单元。     

板条马氏体大变形轧制工艺的晶粒细化机制

分析了采用板条马氏体大变形轧制工艺制备超细晶钢板时的显微组织演变过程及其晶粒细化机制。结果表明,该工艺包含3个具有不同晶粒细化机制的工艺过程：①轧前预淬火 回火使原始奥氏体晶粒分裂为均匀细小的板条马氏体,板条晶内部含有大量吸附着碳原子的位错;②大变形轧制细化、破碎板条马氏体,并进一步增加了组织中的位错密度;③在轧后再结晶退火时,基体中的高密度位错提供了超常的驱动力,使再结晶晶核尺寸小于1μm,400℃和500℃退火后钢板的晶粒尺寸分别为52nm和316nm。     

常化后冷却工艺对1600MPa级超高强钢组织性能的影响

为改善高强度钢的塑性和韧性,对中碳低合金马氏体高强度钢分别采用常化后空冷＋回火和常化后控冷＋回火工艺,研究常化后冷却工艺对钢中残余奥氏体及力学性能的影响.采用扫描电镜获得钢的组织形态,利用X射线衍射和电子背散射衍射技术分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数、形貌和分布.发现两种工艺下均得到板条马氏体＋残余奥氏体组织,残余奥氏体均匀分布在板条之间,随工艺参数不同,其体积分数在3%~10%变化.常化后加速冷却能显著细化马氏体板条,提高钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度100 MPa以上,冲击功下降4 J.残余奥氏体的体积分数随常化控冷终冷温度的升高呈现先升高后降低的变化,常化后的控制冷却也可以作为进一步改善马氏体类型钢组织和性能的方法      

淬火工艺对马氏体高强钢组织和性能的影响

摘要：采用拉伸、冲击、金相、电子背散射衍射、透射电镜、X射线衍射等试验手段,研究了在线直接淬火+回火（DQT）与离线再加热淬火+回火（RQT）工艺对马氏体高强钢组织性能的影响。结果表明,2种试验钢组织均为板条马氏体,RQT试验钢原奥氏体晶粒及板条束呈等轴状,板条块较短,板条较宽,DQT试验钢原奥氏体晶粒呈扁平状,板条束贯穿整个晶粒,板条块呈细长状,板条宽度较小;位错强化是DQT试验钢强度较RQT高的主要原因;板条束为控制DQT和RQT试验钢韧性的最小单元;DQT试验钢大角晶界比例较低,其具有较大的马氏体板条束尺寸以及更高的位错密度,断裂应力较低,低温韧性较差。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.