甘薯粉汤圆质构特性和感官评价相关性分析

为对甘薯粉汤圆粉团的品质做较全面评价,以添加不同比例甘薯粉(0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%)的汤圆粉团为研究对象,使用质构仪分析,并结合感官评价探讨二者相关性。结果表明添加不同比例甘薯粉后汤圆粉团的质构指标和感官指标具有差异性;对7种甘薯粉汤圆粉团进行主成分分析,共得到2个主成分(方差贡献率分别是64.562%和25.076%);甘薯粉汤圆粉团质构结果和感官评价有较高相关性,得到两者回归预测模型经检验具有显著性,可作为质构仪在甘薯粉汤圆品质评价上提供理论依据。     

茶多酚红薯粉条的研制及其抗氧化活性评价

本文考察了茶多酚的添加量和添加时机对红薯粉条断条率、碘蓝值、感官品质、质构特性的影响,并以面条为对照,探讨了粉条对茶多酚分别在干燥常温贮藏和鲜湿冷冻贮藏条件下的保留率和自由基清除率的影响效果。结果发现,糊化前添加茶多酚所制红薯粉条品质普遍优于糊化后添加,茶多酚在粉条中的最适添加量为每100 g红薯淀粉中添加0.15 g。经60 d贮藏后,干燥常温贮藏条件下粉条中茶多酚的保留率为60.73%,自由基清除率降幅为16.29%;鲜湿冷冻贮藏条件下粉条中茶多酚的保留率为71.54%,自由基清除率降幅为10.38%。而且,粉条对两种贮藏条件下的茶多酚含量及活性保护作用均明显优于面条。     

甘薯抗性淀粉的制备

以甘薯淀粉为原料制备抗性淀粉,用正交实验确定压热处理制备抗性淀粉的最佳制备工艺。结果表明,甘薯抗性淀粉制备的最佳条件为:淀粉糊的浓度35%、pH值4.5、糊化温度115℃、糊化时间70min、老化时间72h。     

交联红薯淀粉的制备研究

以红薯淀粉为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂制备交联淀粉。以产物交联度为指标,考察了温度、时间、NaOH加入量、交联剂用量对红薯淀粉交联过程的影响。通过正交试验确定制备交联淀粉的最佳工艺参数为:NaOH加入量为16mL、环氧氯丙烷用量1.8mL、反应时间4h、反应温度50℃。     

改良甘薯羊羹的研制

为了解决传统羊羹过于甜腻的问题,从工艺配方进行了优化,试验得出改良的工艺为:甘薯泥为150 g,1.5%复合胶凝剂,60%蔗糖,干燥温度为50℃,干燥时间约6 h。     

紫薯牛奶的研制

以紫薯粉和牛奶为主要原料制作紫薯牛奶,利用感官评定作为评价方法,对牛奶、紫薯粉、白砂糖和稳定剂的用量对感官品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明,产品的最佳配比为:80%牛奶、6%紫薯粉、5%白砂糖和0.22%复配稳定剂(单硬脂酸甘油酯45%,卡拉胶9%,黄原胶9%,结冷胶37%)、8.78%水分。     

辛烯基琥珀酸甘薯淀粉酯的制备

采用水相法制备辛烯基琥珀酸甘薯淀粉酯,详细研究了淀粉乳质量分数、辛烯基琥珀酸酐用量、温度、pH、反应时间等因素对产品取代度的影响.实验发现,在6%以下,辛烯基琥珀酸酐用量增加,产品取代度几乎成线性增加.固定辛烯基琥珀酸酐用量为3%,通过正交实验确立了最佳工艺参数为:淀粉乳质量分数35%、温度35℃、反应pH 8.5、反应时间6 h,产品取代度0.016.     

红薯面包的研究

对红薯粉面包的制作工艺进行了研究,探讨了红薯粉的添加量、加水量、发酵时间、醒发时间对红薯面包品质的影响,试验结果表明红薯粉的添加量为18%,加水量为45%,发酵时间为60 min,醒发时间为30 min时,制得的红薯面包品质较好。     

交联甘薯淀粉醋酸酯制备条件研究

采用环氧氯丙烷为交联剂，醋酸酐为酯化剂，对甘薯淀粉进行双重化学变性，以峰粘度和取代度作为评价指标，通过正交试验和响应面分析，得出制备粘度高，且取代度适宜的交联甘薯淀粉醋酸酯的最优制备条件为：交联剂用量为0．27％，交联反应pH值为10．0，交联反应时间为3．3h，酯化剂用量为6％，酯化反应PH值为8．5，反应温度为25℃     

交联甘薯淀粉十二烯基琥珀酸酯制备条件研究

采用环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,十二烯基琥珀酸酐为酯化剂,对甘薯淀粉进行双重化学变性,以峰值粘度和取代度作为评价指标,通过正交试验和响应面分析,得出制备高粘度,适宜取代度的交联甘薯淀粉琥珀酸酯最优制备条件:即交联剂用量为0.28％,交联反应pH值为10.2,交联反应时间为3h,酯化剂用量为7％,酯化反应pH值为9.1,反应温度为24℃。     

甘薯叶糕的研制

研究了甘薯叶糕的生产工艺,对比了多种胶凝剂的使用效果,采用正交试验法对产品配方及生产工艺条件进行了优化.结果表明:以琼脂 卡拉胶(质量比3:4)为胶凝剂,具有良好的加工性能,产品外观及风味良好;优选的产品配方及生产工艺条件为:甘薯叶浆250g,淀粉12g,复合胶2.5%,蔗糖70g,干燥温度55℃.     

Physical, Chemical, Sensory and Microbiological Attributes of Sweet Potato Leather

A “vegetable leather,” possessing a supple, leathery texture, was prepared with sweet potato (SP) and other ingredients. Samples were analyzed at 0, 30, and 60 days storage. Texture, but not flavor or acceptance, was affected by experimental factors. Ingredients had only minor effects on composition. Mean values were: moisture, 5.9%; crude protein, 5.8%; crude fat, 4.9%; ash, 2.7%; crude fiber, 2.2%; and nitrogen-free extract, 84.8%. Dietary fiber was 4.1%. Color of the leather was orange; pH was 4.8; annd caloric content was 17.3 kJ per g. Water activity ranged from 0.48 for leather with SP and apple to 0.58 for leather with SP and without apple. Microbiological counts of samples were low.     

Effect of Feathery Mottle Virus Infection on Sweet Potato Sensory Properties

Four sets of sweet potato clones obtained by meristem tip culture were used to investigate the effect of feathery mottle virus (FMV) infection on the appearance, sensory quality and chemical composition of the storage roots. This study, encompassing four generations, indicated that FMV infection had a slight effect on carbohydrate metabolism but no effect on the polyphenoloxidase-phenol system. Flavor and texture profile analyses indicated that for one clone, FMV-infected roots were more desirable when baked than healthy roots. Considering the study as a whole, FMV infection did not appear to adversely affect sweet potato sensory properties. Clones produced from the same parent by meristem tip culture might have different compositional and sensory properties.     

压热法制备甘薯抗性淀粉的工艺优化

利用压热法结合响应面分析法,优化甘薯抗性淀粉的制备工艺。以甘薯全粉为原料,研究全粉乳质量分数、pH、压热温度、压热时间、冷藏时间对甘薯抗性淀粉得率的影响。结果表明,响应面分析法得到甘薯抗性淀粉的最佳制备工艺条件为:全粉乳质量分数25.50%、pH7.30、压热温度120 ℃、压热时间31.20 min、冷藏时间24 h。在此条件下,甘薯抗性淀粉的得率为9.41%,与理论值较为接近,响应面模型与实际情况拟合良好,为获得甘薯抗性淀粉的工业化生产提供了参考。     

Effect of Pre-Processing Storage Conditions on the Composition, Microstructure, and Acceptance of Sweet Potato Patties

‘Jewel’ and ‘Centennial’ sweet potatoes were processed into frozen patties at harvest, after curing I wk, and after curing and storing up to 26 wk. Sugar, starch, and pectin contents were determined on raw roots, cooked slices, and finished patties. The starch content after cooking was correlated with consumer acceptance and is the most important factor in the preparation of a patty of consistent quality from both fresh and stored roots. Scanning electron microscopy showed that in the cooked, pureed sweet potatoes most of the cells had been ruptured and that the patty was held together by an amorphous matrix consisting of added ingredients and spilled cellular contents.     

柠檬酸甘薯淀粉酯制备工艺优化及性质研究

以甘薯淀粉为原料,优化制备高取代度柠檬酸淀粉酯的条件并对其性质进行研究。以柠檬酸淀粉酯取代度为指标,对影响取代度的因素进行研究,通过响应面优化制备工艺。得到最优工艺条件为pH1.5、反应温度148.21℃、反应时间6.45h、柠檬酸与淀粉干基质量比为0.59,在此条件下可制得取代度高达0.30的柠檬酸甘薯淀粉酯;柠檬酸甘薯淀粉酯具有很好的抗酶解性,抗性淀粉含量随取代度的增加而增加,当取代度达0.13时,抗性淀粉含量达92%;对比原淀粉,柠檬酸甘薯淀粉酯平均聚合度降低,白度先增高后降低。     

甘薯交联淀粉的制备与结构表征

以三偏磷酸钠为交联剂,水分散法制备了甘薯交联淀粉,应用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和偏光显微镜等分析测试方法,观察和研究了不同取代度甘薯交联淀粉的颗粒形貌及其结晶结构。结果表明,产物取代度随交联反应时间的延长而增大;交联反应主要发生在淀粉分子的无定形区,在结晶区也有一定程度的反应;随着取代度的增大,淀粉颗粒表面发生了明显变化,同时出现了大小球体相分离的现象,说明了交联反应主要发生在甘薯淀粉颗粒的表面和大小球体间的联接处;交联淀粉的偏光十字清晰易见;1016.28cm-1的吸收峰强度加强,证实在淀粉中引入了磷酸根基团。     

酯化红薯变性淀粉的制备及性质研究

以红薯淀粉为原料,探讨反应温度、反应pH值、酸酐用量和反应时间等因素对其酯化反应效率的影响,并对醋酸酯化淀粉的膨胀率、溶解度、透明度、冻融稳定性和红外结构表征等进行了研究。     

模糊综合评价法在紫薯干燥方法筛选中的应用

为了科学、客观地筛选出较优紫薯干燥方法,构建紫薯品质特性的模糊综合评价模型,采用权重分配和乘法算子对5种不同干燥方法所得紫薯产品在形态、色泽、滋味和质地上进行综合考察。利用SPSS 13.0软件对模糊评价结果进行数据处理和分析,确定最佳紫薯干燥方法。评价结果表明:太阳能辅助热泵干燥所得紫薯干制品综合评分最高,品质表现最佳。紫薯不同干燥方法的优劣顺序为:太阳能辅助热泵干燥真空干燥热风干燥太阳能干燥微波干燥。     

Sensory Evaluation of Irradiated Ground Beef Patties for the National School Lunch Program

ABSTRACT: The 2002 Farm Bill allows irradiated ground beef to be distributed in the Natl. School Lunch Program (NSLP). Sensory properties of irradiated ground beef specified for the NSLP were evaluated. Frozen ground beef patties with 15% fat content were either not irradiated or irradiated at doses of 1.35 and 3.0 kGy. Aroma, taste, aftertaste, and texture as well as overall liking of cooked patties after 0 and 6 mo of storage were evaluated using nontrained panels. Results showed that irradiation had no significant ( P > 0.05) effect on the ratings of any of the sensory attributes either at 0 or after 6 mo of storage. Average ratings of liking of aroma, taste, aftertaste, and overall were higher at 6 mo than at 0 mo.