Shock Initiation of Sheet Explosive

The shock sensitivity of a typical sheet explosive RDX-WAX (90:10) has been experimentally determined with gap test arrangement by measuring free surface velocity in different thicknesses of the barrier and shock and particle velocity of non-reactive shock wave in the sheet explosive with Pin Oscillography Technique. It has been found that a shock wave, generated by a point-initiated cylindrical explosive in contact with an aluminium barrier of diameter nearly twice the diameter of the charge, attenuates exponentially and a 6.5 mm thick sheet explosive, of density 1.28 g/cm³ and velocity of detonation 6.43 mm/μs, detonates with 50% probability by a shock wave of 11 kbar pressure in the explosive.     

理想混合炸药模型的提出及其应用

通过建立“理想混合炸药”模型 ,发现理想混合炸药的爆速 Did与纯组分炸药的爆速 Di和质量分数 Wi之间存在着定量关系 ,据此发展了一种计算混合炸药爆速的新方法。对大量混合炸药的计算结果表明 ,爆速计算值与实验值的一致性令人满意 ,平均误差 1.37%。本文方法的提出 ,不仅提供了一种预测混合炸药爆速的方法 ,而且对高爆速混合炸药的研究具有一定的指导意义     

Approximate Method for Calculating the Impact Sensitivity Indices of Solid Explosive Mixtures

An approximate method is proposed to calculate the impact sensitivity indices (critical initiation pressure and critical charge thickness) for solid explosive mixtures (explosive compositions and mixtures of an oxidizer with a fuel). The calculation is based on some model concepts of the physicochemical and explosive properties of reactive mixtures. Test calculations of the sensitivity indices were performed for mixtures of HMX and TNT and mixtures of ammonium perchlorate with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and TNT, and the results are compared with data of laboratory experiments on an impactor.     

Some Experiments on Model Composite Solid Propellants

Experiments on two-dimensional model propellants using cylindrical oxidizer (ammonium perchlorate) pellets in a fuel matrix (CTPB) are described. Measurements show that burning rate of AP in the fuel environment is lower than of pure AP. The oxidizer-to-fuel ratio seems to be fuel-rich when the oxidizer particles are imbedded in contact with the fuel and it becomes oxidizer-rich for a non-zero separation between oxidizer particle and the fuel.     

Explosive Initiation of Creative Processes in Nature

The paper deals with the construction of explosive–fill dams, of which Academician M. A. Lavrent'ev was an enthusiast. His contribution to the construction of the Alma–Ata mud dam is described. The experience of industrial explosions is used to show the possibility of including the potential of nature in human creative activity by means of explosion energy. Large–scale processes of rocksliding and formation of long–range rock avalanches produced by man–made and natural factors are considered. The development of a spontaneous landslide is described using a model of a rigid body with inhomogeneities. As a result, a unified approach to natural and man–made relief–forming processes is proposed. Recommendations for prediction and prevention of disastrous landslides are formulated.     

熔铸混合炸药用载体炸药评述

介绍了TNT、3号炸药、DNTF、TNAZ、DNAN、DNP等典型熔铸载体炸药的物化性能、爆炸性能、安全性能、结晶和凝固性质铸装质量,分析了作为载体炸药所存在的优点和不足,提出了利用优势克服不足的途径.认为TNT通过改性仍然是熔铸炸药的主要载体炸药;3号炸药具有系统研究的必要;DNTF通过降低冲击波感度和强化结晶控制研...     

Laser Initiation of Non‐Primary Explosive Detonators

Aiming to solve the problems caused by primary explosives in traditional detonators, a new kind of non‐primary explosive detonator based on the principle of flying plate detonator is invented. However, in some special circumstances, such as high temperature, strong radiation, strong magnetic field, overload, high‐pressure conditions, the non‐primary explosive detonator cannot work well because of the defects of its usual used initiating method like electric hot wire initiating devices, electric exploding bridge wire initiator, and initiating by a shock‐conducting tube. In this context, initiation by low energy laser is applied to non‐primary explosive detonator. After this combination, the non‐primary explosive detonator performs well in resisting high temperature, high pressure, overload, and electric interference.     

数学模型法在混合炸药配方设计中的应用

从混合炸药配方设计中存在的问题入手,综合考虑与混合炸药性能相关的多种因素,与氧平衡的原则相结合．得出了某混合炸药在一定约束条件下配方的数学模型。应用数学模型进行了混合炸药的配方设计,结果表明．用excel数值方法对该模型求解混合炸药热的结果与相同条件下的实验结果相一致。     

复合装药偏心起爆的爆轰波特性

为研究复合装药在偏心起爆条件下的爆轰波特性,采用转镜式高速相机狭缝扫描技术对装药表面的爆轰波形传播过程进行测量,得到爆轰波在狭缝位置的扫描曲线、时空坐标以及爆轰波阵面分布图.分析了复合装药爆轰会聚波的速度分布、形成机理及传播规律,提出偏心起爆条件下复合装药爆轰波阵面前沿为凹面会聚波,会聚波可以提高内层装药爆轰波的传播速度.     

爆炸复合板设备的制造技术

复合板制设备具有材料特殊、结构复杂、制造难度大、技术要求高等特点。通过对原材料的质量控制,各受压元件复合结构合理的选用,分析制造中存在技术问题及难点,采取相应的制造工艺及检控手段,保证成型设备综合性能达到最佳。     

Accelerated Aging of a Composite Explosive

A given formulation of a composite explosive was submitted to accelerated aging at 293 K, 333 K and 353 K for slightly over a year. Extensive determination of mechanical properties were conducted using an Instron Tester to characterize the aging process of the explosive as a whole. The change of elongation at maximum load can be fitted to a third-order reaction rate giving an enthalpy of activation (Δ Ha) for the aging process of (78 ± 5) kJ/mol. Although the change of stress at maximum load was a function of temperature, it could not be predicted by a simple correlation. Swelling, inverse gas chromatography and N₂O evolution by infrared were applied to the samples aged at 333 K. Swelling measurements show a regular increase with aging of the relative number of cross-linking. Inverse gas chromatography at 373 K in helium indicated a first-order kinetic aging process for every sample, but the rate constant (k) of the samples aged for 0, 30 and 60 days was slightly lower than the one for samples aged for 130, 250 and 375 days. The N₂O evolution measured at 338.5 K in vacuum by infrared absorption indicates an aging process consisting of two consecutive first-order reactions, the second one being ten times slower than the first one. The first stage, which was also studied by inverse gas chromatography, gives rate constants which are about half as large as those measured by chromatography and confirms the changes in behavior from the samples aged for 0, 30 and 60 days to the samples aged for 130, 250 and 375 days. These results are discussed in relation to an aging process by oxidative cross-linking of the binder and degradation of the solid explosive.     

含纳米级铝粉的复合炸药研究

铝粉的颗粒尺寸对含铝炸药的爆轰性能有显著影响，在以RDX为主体的粘结炸药中，加入20％粒径为50nm的超细铝粉，得到的新型复合炸药，其爆轰性能及作功能力明显高于含20％粒径为5μm和50μm的复合炸药。     

新型高能钝感炸药JBO-9X在较高冲击压力下冲击起爆过程的实验研究

采用高速扫描相机和楔形炸药构型,对新型高能钝感炸药JBO-9X的冲击起爆过程进行了实验研究;采用LS-DYNA软件对实验结果进行了数值模拟验证。结果表明,在6.9GPa的入射冲击压力下,JBO-9X炸药的冲击转爆轰时间为1.5μs,冲击到爆轰的距离为7.9mm;当冲击波刚进入炸药时,炸药发生化学反应的比例(λ)为0.2,随着冲击波进入炸药的距离增加,受试炸药中发生化学反应的比例逐步增加。在实验条件下,入射冲击波压力为6.85GPa时,JBO-9X炸药的冲击到爆轰距离为8.0mm。化学反应比例随冲击波进入炸药距离的增长曲线与实验基本相同。     

Initiation of a Porous Explosive by Overdriven Gas Detonation Products

This paper reports results of experiments on initiation and development of detonation in cylindrical charges of a porous explosive by overdriven detonation products of a gas mixture C₂H₂ + 2.5 O₂. Explosive charges with a bulk density of about 1 g/cm³ in fragile shells were studied. For PETN and RDX charges, the critical initial pressure of the gas mixture at which detonation initiation still occurs is determined and the pressures acting immediately on the charge are given. For PETN, critical initial pressures and initiation delays were measured for the first time for charges with particles of various diameters. The obtained dependence characterizes the following abnormal property of porous charges: there is an optimum particle size for which the explosive sensitivity is maximal. Streak records of selfluminosity for typical initiation modes are given. Mass velocity profiles in initiation waves at different depth of the charge are obtained using an electromagnetic procedure.     

军用混合炸药的发展趋势

叙述了军用混合炸药当前的发展趋势以及高能量密度化合物、纳米含能材料等新材料在混合炸药中的应用情况,提出金属化炸药中的金属燃料与环境中的氧反应是提高能量的重要途径,尤其强调了炸药在战斗部和弹药中的应用技术对于提高毁伤威力的重要意义.附参考文献19篇.     

由废弃火药和乳化炸药制备工业混合炸药

利用乳化炸药的基本配方与工艺，在乳化炸药的混拌(敏化)工序中将废弃火药和乳化炸药混合，制备工业混合炸药。实验结果表明，利用废弃硝化棉与岩石型乳化炸药所配制的工业混合炸药，具有较好的爆炸、贮存和抗水性能。这种废弃军用火药的再利用，既节药了资源，降低了处理成本，也改善了环境。     

FOX-7和RDX基含铝炸药的冲击起爆特性

为研究FOX-7和RDX基含铝炸药的冲击起爆特性,对其进行了冲击波感度试验和冲击起爆试验,结合冲击波在铝隔板中的衰减特性,确定了FOX-7和RDX基含铝炸药的临界隔板值和临界起爆压力,并通过锰铜压阻传感器记录了起爆至稳定爆轰过程压力历程的变化。结果表明,以Φ40mm×50mm的JH-14为主发装药时,FOX-7和RDX基含铝炸药临界隔板值分别为37.51和34.51mm,对应的临界起爆压力为10.91和11.94GPa;起爆压力为11.58GPa时,FOX-7炸药的到爆轰距离为25.49~30.46mm,稳定爆轰后的爆轰压力为27.68GPa,爆轰速度为8 063m/s;起爆压力为14.18GPa时,RDX基含铝炸药的到爆轰距离为17.27~23.53mm,稳定爆轰后的爆轰压力为17.16GPa,爆轰速度为6 261m/s。     

固体炸药冲击起爆研究

为了研究固体炸药冲击起爆特性,对JO-9159炸药进行了隔板冲击加载实验,用高速摄影方法记录炸药冲击起爆过程;用解析计算方法分析了有机玻璃隔板的临界厚度值;建立了炸药冲击起爆模型,对起爆过程进行了数值模拟,计算了炸药在冲击作用下的压力历史,分析了JO-9159炸药起爆压力阈值和爆轰成长距离。     

复合钝感剂对梯黑铝炸药的钝感机理

为了降低梯黑铝类混合炸药的感度,采用微晶蜡、高分子预聚体、硝化纤维素等材料制成复合钝感剂,并将其加入到梯黑铝炸药中,测试了梯黑铝(THL90%/钝感剂10%)炸药的机械感度和抗过载安全性,初步探讨了复合钝感剂的钝感机理.结果表明,高分子预聚体PE、硝化纤维素对微晶蜡有较强的乳化作用,高分子预聚体、梯恩梯对硝化纤维素有熔胀与熔解作用.复合钝感剂的乳化作用是使炸药钝感的根本所在.钝感的梯黑铝炸药的摩擦感度为0,撞击感度为24%.     

等离子体技术在炸药起爆中的应用研究进展

介绍了爆炸桥丝等离子体技术,主要包括真空中、空气中及水下爆炸桥丝等离子体技术;按照爆炸桥丝式和半导体桥式等离子体产生方式,综述了等离子体技术在炸药起爆中的应用研究进展,比较了不同等离子体起爆方式的优缺点,分析了等离子体起爆炸药机理。指出炸药在等离子体起爆下的研究重点是高能炸药在等离子体直接起爆下的特性研究,以及高能炸药与等离子体相互作用的动力学研究。附参考文献55篇。