跳跃式移动机构的移动机理及实验研究

介绍了一种新型跳跃式移动机构,阐述了该机构的移动机理及其控制方法.跳跃式移动机构采用小型振动电机作为驱动,利用电机内偏心轮的旋转所产生的周期性的向心力及与工作表面的间歇性摩擦力的共同作用,实现机构的跳跃移动,两个不同放置位置的电机的组合运用,可实现机构可调速的直线运动和回转运动,通过一系列实验.验证了跳跃式移动机构可实现二维平面内的自由移动.     

基于CPG的六足步行机器人运动控制系统研究

根据CPG双层网络的特点,采用分层分布式系统架构研究制了一种机器人运动控制系统.其基于FPGA的星型总线,在保证通信速率的同时提高了系统抗干扰能力.在单足控制器中嵌入双NIOS完成CPG网络解算和电机运动控制.FPGA的灵活使用和外部3-H桥驱动的搭建,可以使单足控制器同时控制3个无刷电机并获得最小的体积.     

Computer-aided geometric design of legs for a walking vehicle

A legged vehicle is potentially more energy efficient and mobile than conventional vehicles in rough terrain. The performance of such a legged vehicle is strongly dependent on the leg geometry. In general, a leg linkage which possesses three-degree-of-freedom foot motion is adequate. A preliminary design of the leg with a view to good energy efficiency resulted in a four-bar leg. This was described by S. M. Song et al. [Mech. Mach. Theory 19, 17–24 (1984)]. In the present paper, the mobility of the legged vehicle is brought into consideration in the leg design. A study of the mobility of a six-legged vehicle shows that a large walking envelope is required for each leg linkage. In order to satisfy this requirement, the original four-bar leg was modified into a seven-bar leg by mounting another four-bar linkage on the coupler of the original four-bar linkage. Also, a different type of leg linkage based on pantograph mechanism was designed. A comparison of the leg performance of both types of leg is made in this paper and the pantograph leg is found to be more effective.     

车载制氧机用压缩机设计研究

以对心曲柄滑块机构模型为基础,分析了影响活塞式压缩机构尺寸大小及影响活塞磨损的主要因素,并设计了对称平衡型压缩机;通过实验研究,得到了压缩机高转速下自润滑活塞材料配方,并制备了自润滑活塞;通过性能测试,设计压缩机满足车载制氧要求.     

基于虚拟仪器的减振器活塞杆侧向弯曲疲劳试验系统

结合LabVIEW软件和NI公司的数据采集设备,开发出基于虚拟仪器的活塞杆侧向弯曲疲劳试验系统.在该系统中,驱动电机带动曲柄连杆滑块双弹簧机构对活塞杆施加正弦激振力,数据采集系统检测激振力波形,并记录弯曲疲劳寿命.试验结果表明,该试验系统具有使用方便、测试精度稳定的特点,能满足直径不大于32mm的活塞杆弯曲疲劳试验.     

Method for six-legged robot stepping on obstacles by indirect force estimation

Adaptive gaits for legged robots often requires force sensors installed on foot-tips, however impact, temperature or humidity can affect or even damage those sensors. Efforts have been made to realize indirect force estimation on the legged robots using leg structures based on planar mechanisms. Robot Octopus III is a six-legged robot using spatial parallel mechanism(UP-2UPS) legs. This paper proposed a novel method to realize indirect force estimation on walking robot based on a spatial parallel mechanism. The direct kinematics model and the inverse kinematics model are established. The force Jacobian matrix is derived based on the kinematics model. Thus, the indirect force estimation model is established. Then, the relation between the output torques of the three motors installed on one leg to the external force exerted on the foot tip is described. Furthermore, an adaptive tripod static gait is designed. The robot alters its leg trajectory to step on obstacles by using the proposed adaptive gait. Both the indirect force estimation model and the adaptive gait are implemented and optimized in a real time control system. An experiment is carried out to validate the indirect force estimation model. The adaptive gait is tested in another experiment. Experiment results show that the robot can successfully step on a 0.2 m-high obstacle. This paper proposes a novel method to overcome obstacles for the six-legged robot using spatial parallel mechanism legs and to avoid installing the electric force sensors in harsh environment of the robot’s foot tips.     

双滑块机构在爬升机械手中的应用

本机构由两组曲柄滑块机构串接而成,双作用气缸驱动。实现机械手的主爬升运动。本机构结构简单,动作灵活,可以实现正反爬升动作,能在气缸较小的行程内实现大的爬升距离。并具有力的放大作用。给出了机构的结构原理、机构尺度与行程的关系,以及驱动力的计算方法。     

3-DOF并联机械腿动力学建模与伺服电机峰值预估

提出了一种结构紧凑、承载能力大、转动解耦性好、运动速度和加速度大的3自由度并联机械腿.为了对其进行驱动参数分析,对机械腿进行了动力学建模,并基于动力学模型进行了伺服电机峰值预估.首先,分析了腿部机构各构件的运动参数,采用Lagrange方程建立了动力学模型,得出了机构驱动力的显式解;接着,在机构动力学模型的基础上,建立了伺服电机驱动转速和驱动力矩的峰值预估模型;最后,通过给定一组结构参数和运动轨迹函数,得出了伺服电机驱动转速和驱动力矩随时间变化曲线,得到了机构的动力学特性,并验证了峰值预估模型的正确性.计算表明,3个伺服电机驱动转速的峰值分别为Nx=19 r/s、Ny=17 r/s、Nw=27 r/s;3个伺服电机驱动力矩的峰值分别为εx=5.8N·m、εy=3.1 N·m、εw=4.4 N·m.     

混合输入五杆机构的综合与应用

混合输入型机构的输入包括实时不可控电机输入和实时可控电机输入。不可控电机提供主要的动力 ,实时可控电机则起运动调节作用 .本文研究了这种机构的尺度分析 ,并以混合调速、轨迹生成和不同性质输入之间的协调分别探讨了这种混合输入五杆机构的实际应用     

基于DASP的海水马达振动分析和故障诊断研究

基于DASP虚拟仪器测试平台,依托机械振动理论和设备故障诊断技术,结合海水柱塞马达振动信号采集及分析处理手段,搭建了海水柱塞马达的故障诊断实验系统。通过对海水柱塞马达在正常和故障两种状态下振动信号的时域分析与频谱分析,得到了海水柱塞马达配流盘“气蚀”损坏典型故障的识别特征,从而对柱塞泵/马达的故障机理和故障诊断有了更深入的了解。将基于DASP的测试技术应用于海水柱塞马达的振动测试,不仅能够获得海水柱塞马达振动的实时测试信号和振动特性图谱,还可获得振动机理分析所需的更高的测试精度和效率,在工程实践中具有较好的推广价值。     

沙地环境下椭圆型腿运动特性实验研究

对移动机器人来说,适应复杂环境是相当重要的.椭圆型腿结合了轮式和腿式的优点,具有椭圆型腿的移动机器人在地面运动中有很好的运动性能,但椭圆型腿与地面的动力学还没有深入的研究,尤其是椭圆型腿在松软沙地介质的通过性.主要介绍椭圆型腿在沙地介质中运动性能的研究实验平台的设计,同时对其运动性能进行分析.通过对移动平台重心起伏、周期步长、前进速度和推进效率的分析,为椭圆型腿的优化提供实验依据.椭圆腿的足地实验对椭圆型腿的优化设计和移动机器人的控制有重要意义.     

Design on hopping locomotion mechanism

1Introduction Largemachineshavebeenwidelyusedinin dustryrecently.Theywillcausecomplexopera tionsandrequireagreatdealofenergy.The high energyproblemhascometotheattentionof moreandmorepeople,sopint sizedrobotshave beenresearchedtosaveenergy[1].Nowpint sizedrobotsoftenuseelectromagnetismastheir driver[2],theyalsoneedhighvoltageandspecial flatsurfacesofiron.Inthisarticleanewpint sizedhoppinglocomotionmechanismwhich savesenergyandadaptswelltovarioussurfaces ispresented.2Principle2.1Motor Theimage…     

含间隙曲柄滑块机构运动误差分析及其精确控制

为了研究运动副间隙的存在对机构的稳定性产生的影响,本文采用了动力学分析的方法,以含间隙曲柄滑块机构为例建立了数学模型,从影响机构精度的不同原因入手,分析机械的误差来源及特征。并对曲柄滑块机构进行了非线性分析后,对其建立了逆模型,并分别进行了有逆模前馈的开环控制和PID加逆模前馈的闭环控制来控制不稳定性。实验结果表明:利用MATLAB软件中的动态仿真工具Simulink建立的含间隙机构动力学仿真模型,与理想无间隙机构相比,含间隙机构稳定性较差;逆模前馈补偿器有效地减小了系统的非线性误差,提高了曲柄滑块机构的控制精度。     

全方位线控四轮转向电动汽车设计

提出了一种用于外转子式轮毂电机的双横臂悬架导向机构和转向机构，可实现四轮驱动电动汽车绕任一点进行旋转，以及沿任一方向进行平移。研究了当电机失灵时的故障排除技术，即可通过电磁离合器的开关组合，驱动一台转向电机可使四个车轮全部复位，且仍可保持转向能力。用Euler角描述了悬架导向机构的姿态，推导出与车轮定位参数相关的悬架导向机构姿态角公式，对各控制点坐标进行参数化，在ADAMS软件下建立了参数化模型，并对悬架导向机构进行了优化设计。     

Wheelchair.q, a motorized wheelchair with stair climbing ability

The paper deals with Wheelchair.q, a concept for a stair climbing wheelchair capable of moving in structured and unstructured environments, climbing over obstacles and going up and down stairs.The design of the wheelchair, consisting of a frame, a seat and a four-bar linkage mechanism that connects frame and seat, is presented.The four-bar linkage moves and rotates the chair to prevent the wheelchair from overturning and to guarantee a comfortable posture to the passenger during different operations. The kinematic synthesis of the linkage mechanism is discussed using an algebraic method. When the wheelchair faces an obstacle such as a step or a stair, it can passively change locomotion mode, from rolling on wheels to walking on rotating legs, thanks to its self-adaptive locomotion units. The function of the locomotion unit is described and modeled using kinematic equations. The locomotion unit requires only one motor, for both wheeled and legged locomotion. Tests on a scale prototype were conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this locomotion.     

滚筒式混匀取料机料耙驱动装置的仿真分析与技术改进

针对QLG1500-40滚筒式混匀取料机料耙驱动装置存在较大振动冲击、减速箱高速轴断裂等问题,对料耙驱动装置进行三维实体建模和模型简化,基于建立的行走阻力的指数摩擦力模型,运用Pro/Mechanism对料耙驱动装置的曲柄滑块机构进行仿真分析。结果表明,机构偏载造成行走小车在往复运动中受到巨大的行走阻力,当运动换向时,行走阻力方向突变形成巨大冲击载荷,造成设备周期性振动冲击故障。针对这种冲击载荷,提出建立补偿力的方案,该补偿力基于行走阻力与曲柄轴端受力给出,仿真分析表明,补偿力的建立,可以有效地减小因换向引起的突变载荷,进而减少料耙驱动装置故障的发生。     

内外双排力偶型径向柱塞马达泄漏分析与试验

为了延长径向柱塞马达的寿命,设计了基于力偶原理的新型马达。力偶型马达的形成受马达柱塞数和凸轮环导轨曲线作用数的影响,通过分析马达柱塞数和导轨曲线作用数之间的关系,确定了形成力偶型马达的条件。马达在工作过程中存在相对运动的摩擦副,而相对运动的摩擦副处会产生油液的泄漏。以内马达为例,通过对柱塞在缸体中的径向运动产生泄漏和配流盘配流产生泄漏的分析,确定两处的泄漏公式。对马达原理进行了试验,验证了力偶型径向柱塞马达原理的正确性。     

一种六足仿生机器人的研究

基于仿生学原理,应用连杆机构学中的Robert原理,设计出一连杆轨迹能较好地近似于机器人理想足部轨迹的六杆机构.并通过ADAMS动力学仿真软件,对用这一连杆机构作为腿部机构的六足机器人进行了前进和转弯步态仿真.仿真结果表明该机器人具有良好的移动性能.     

一种新型伺服直线泵的设计与实验

多电技术成为了飞机未来发展的一大趋势,是当下研究的热点,功率电传电静液作动系统是其核心技术之一。目前已有的或是正在研发的电静液作动器,主要采用旋转伺服电机驱动轴向柱塞泵的架构作为核心能源。轴向柱塞泵虽结构成熟,但却存在着摩擦磨损限制使用寿命,惯性较大限制响应速度,结构复杂难以余度配置等缺点。针对静液伺服传动设计了一种由电磁式直线振荡电机驱动的直线活塞泵,应用协同配流结构,保留原有的泵结构优势的同时,可突破性的提升伺服传动性能。研究搭建了直线泵的仿真模型,验证了该伺服直线泵的基本功能。     

Analysis on the performance of the SLIP runner with nonlinear spring leg

The spring-loaded inverted pendulum(SLIP) has been widely studied in both animals and robots.Generally,the majority of the relevant theoretical studies deal with elastic leg,the linear leg length-force relationship of which is obviously conflict with the biological observations.A planar spring-mass model with a nonlinear spring leg is presented to explore the intrinsic mechanism of legged locomotion with elastic component.The leg model is formulated via decoupling the stiffness coefficient and exponent of the leg compression in order that the unified stiffness can be scaled as convex,concave as well as linear profile.The apex return map of the SLIP runner is established to investigate dynamical behavior of the fixed point.The basin of attraction and Floquet Multiplier are introduced to evaluate the self-stability and initial state sensitivity of the SLIP model with different stiffness profiles.The numerical results show that larger stiffness exponent can increase top speed of stable running and also can enlarge the size of attraction domain of the fixed point.In addition,the parameter variation is conducted to detect the effect of parameter dependency,and demonstrates that on the fixed energy level and stiffness profile,the faster running speed with larger convergence rate of the stable fixed point under small local perturbation can be achieved via decreasing the angle of attack and increasing the stiffness coefficient.The perturbation recovery test is implemented to judge the ability of the model resisting large external disturbance.The result shows that the convex stiffness performs best in enhancing the robustness of SLIP runner negotiating irregular terrain.This research sheds light on the running performance of the SLIP runner with nonlinear leg spring from a theoretical perspective,and also guides the design and control of the bio-inspired legged robot.