酒泉盆地西部鸭儿峡变质基岩油藏的形成条件

1959年在鸭儿峡地区发现的志留系变质基岩油藏,对油田储量的增长起了重要作用。本文根据历年来研究成果,并引用了科学院兰州地质研究所的资料,试就酒泉盆地西部鸭儿峡变质基岩油藏形成条件进行一些探讨。     

动态监测资料在T85222井动态分析中的应用

针对T85222井新井投产即高含水的问题,在动态分析中应用微地震、干扰试井、压裂井温测试及压力恢复测试等资料,确定了该井区裂缝发育方向和油井的来水方向,为井组后续的增产增注措施提供了可靠的依据,取得了较好的效果.     

地震沉积学在薄储层岩性油藏勘探中的应用

松辽盆地扶余油层中央坳陷区发育大面积岩性油藏,储层主要为薄层河道砂,岩性圈闭的有效识别是勘探部署的瓶颈。为了解决扶余油层薄砂岩储层岩性圈闭识别难题,应用地震沉积学研究方法,形成了高频层序地层格架建立、细分层沉积微相划分、地震资料保幅处理、精细地震解释、大比例尺沉积微相制图、岩性圈闭识别与评价等6项关键技术。通过建立层序地层格架,划分沉积微相,井震结合砂体预测,研究大比例尺沉积微相,认清了扶余油层沉积演化与砂体展布特征,有效地识别了岩性圈闭,大幅提升了钻探成功率,新发现石油储量1亿吨。应用实践证明,地震沉积学是薄砂岩储层岩性油藏勘探的有效方法。     

泥质岩稀土元素地球化学特征在物源分析中的意义――以鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界为例

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界不同成因泥质岩样品稀土元素分析表明,稀土元素在杂色泥质岩中较为富集,在暗色泥质岩中亏损;在细粒沉积物中富集,在粗粒沉积物中亏损。指出从稀土元素的区域变化来看,盆地北部的物源主要来自于北部阴山古陆,且北部物源具有明显的东西分带性;稀土元素富集受沉积分异作用控制,由北向南随着泥岩粒度变细,稀土元素特别是重稀土元素富集。     

THE ROLE OF POLAR SPECIES IN THE AGGREGATION OF ASPHALTENES

Many properties of heavy oils are Influenced by the presence of asphaltenes. According to solubility studies, asphaltenes are the most polar fraction of heavy oils, but the magnitude of the dlpole moment is not known. We quantified this parameter by applying dielectric spectroscopy to several heavy oils with different asphaitene concentrations, and the response of the permanent dlpoles was measured as a function of concentration and temperature. The asphaltenes have dielectric constants ranging from 5 to 7. Calculations Indicate more than one dlpole per asphaitene molecule. The diameter of the dlpole center was assessed to be 3 to 6 A.

The probe was extended to study the Involvement of dlpoles In asphaitene aggregation. As the concentration of asphaltenes exceeds 10%, the dielectric constant exhibits substantial negative deviation from linearity, signifying the onset of Intermolecular Interactions (the pairing of dipoles in head-to-ta1l configurations to form clusters). Raising the temperature Increases the dielectric constant. Indicating dissociation of the aggregates. Based on comparison of these results with the dielectric behavior of model compounds the role of dipoles in the process of asphaitene association has been demonstrated for the first time.     

陕甘宁盆地古生界油气形成中干酪根的演化

干酪根系原始有机质(脂肪酸、蛋白质、色素、纤维素、木质素),在成岩作用过程中聚合而成的不溶的复杂的固态高分子化合物。其结构为环状缩聚核,带有烷基支链和官能团,为杂原子链特别是氧所连接^[1][2]。随着生油岩埋藏的加深、温度升高、时间增长,干酪根热裂解逐渐形成油气。因此,对于干酪根研究的重要性日益引起人们的重视。     

构造期溶蚀作用对储层的改造及其意义

根据川东黄草峡气田嘉二~2碳酸盐岩储层溶蚀特征、孔隙充填矿物顺序与矿物包裹体均一温度间关系,认为该储层在构造期(褶皱上升时期)发生过三期溶蚀作用。它的意义在于:(1)储层溶孔发育期与构造形成期,生气高峰及聚集期相一致,有利于气藏的形成;(2)三期溶孔叠加使碳酸盐岩储层物性变好;(3)为解释构造控制储层物性变化提供依据;(4)成岩作用研究与构造活动相联系,有益于指导油气勘探。     

THE AGE OF SALT IN THE GULF OF MEXICO BASIN

The assumption that all salt in the Gulf of Mexico basin is Jurassic demands a fixed structural framework since mid-Jurassic time. This assumption has questionable geological support and is challenged. Salt in the Salina Basin of southern Mexico has been presumed Jurassic because shallow salt at Chinameca is overlain by ammonite-bearing Kimmeridgian — early Neocomian limestones which, in turn, are overlain by Oligocene sediments. Despite numerous salt penetrations elsewhere in the Salina Basin, the Chinameca limestone has not been encountered. Instead, the non-piercing salt massifs directly underlie Oligo-Miocene beds, which have also been found intercalated with the salt. Two wells that have traversed the salt found Oligocene sediments below. Field checks in the Chinameca limestone type-locality reveal that these beds are both strongly folded and heavily brecciated. They do not overlie the salt normally, and are interpreted as slumped masses that slid from elevated fault scarps onto Oligocene evaporites during Oligocene block movements. Geological evidence supports the conclusion that the Salina salt is Oligocene, and was deposited during the worldwide Oligocene eustatic drop. Because the Salina salt is stratigraphically continuous with the salt in offshore Campeche, this also is deemed to be Oligocene. The Challenger salt has been dated as Jurassic on the basis of one palynomorph-bearing sample cored from the cap rock of the Challenger knoll. However, the Challenger salt is in continuity with the Campeche evaporites, which suggests that it, too, is Oligocene. In view of the wide range of datable detrital material recovered from Salina salt samples, the dating of Challenger salt from a single sample of insoluble residue cap-rock is considered premature. On the north side of the Gulf, evidence for Oligocene salt obtained earlier from the Belle Isle salt dome is supported by the presence of intra-Frio evaporites encountered in two deep exploration wells. The probability of large deposits of Tertiary evaporites in the Gulf of Mexico leads to the interpretation that the evolution of the Gulf Basin was governed by a sequential process of deep crustal extension that persists until the present day, rather than an exclusively Jurassic extensional event as is currently accepted.     

尼拉帕尼关键中间体的合成研究进展

尼拉帕尼(Niraparib)是一种聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1/2(PARP-1和PARP-2)抑制剂类药物。目前报道的合成方法中,以手性3-芳基哌啶和吲唑衍生物偶联合成Niraparib这一方法具有反应条件温和、原子经济性高、适宜放大生产等显著优点。综述了近年来手性3-芳基哌啶及吲唑衍生物的合成进展,重点分析讨论了不同方法合成2个关键中间体的优缺点,为探究更经济、更高效的Niraparib合成方法提供参考。     

应用于L油田水淹层解释的岩石物理相划分方法

岩石物理相是多种地质作用的综合反映,是沉积、成岩、后期构造、流体改造作用下的成因单元.通过确定岩石物理相,可以提高储层物性参数及水淹层的解释精度,更好地确定剩余油的分布.因此,基于实际资料制定了L油田岩石物理相的划分标准,并依据划分的岩石物理相建立其参数的定量解释模型和水淹级别划分标准,进而确定了水淹规律、剩余油分布与岩石物理相的关系,同时证明了L油田水淹层解释结果的正确性.     

济阳拗陷复杂断块油田含油特点

济阳拗陷是渤海湾油气区的组成部分,是一个油源丰富、含油层系多、储集层类型多、圈闭类型多的地区。本文拟就其中比较特殊的一种类型——复杂断块油田进行一些讨论。这类油田在济阳拗陷分布较广,已经投入开发的就有十五个,其分布见图1。     

THE ROLE OF POLAR SPECIES IN THE AGGREGATION OF ASPHALTENES

Abstract

Many properties of heavy oils are Influenced by the presence of asphaltenes. According to solubility studies, asphaltenes are the most polar fraction of heavy oils, but the magnitude of the dlpole moment is not known. We quantified this parameter by applying dielectric spectroscopy to several heavy oils with different asphaitene concentrations, and the response of the permanent dlpoles was measured as a function of concentration and temperature. The asphaltenes have dielectric constants ranging from 5 to 7. Calculations Indicate more than one dlpole per asphaitene molecule. The diameter of the dlpole center was assessed to be 3 to 6 A.

The probe was extended to study the Involvement of dlpoles In asphaitene aggregation. As the concentration of asphaltenes exceeds 10%, the dielectric constant exhibits substantial negative deviation from linearity, signifying the onset of Intermolecular Interactions (the pairing of dipoles in head-to-ta1l configurations to form clusters). Raising the temperature Increases the dielectric constant. Indicating dissociation of the aggregates. Based on comparison of these results with the dielectric behavior of model compounds the role of dipoles in the process of asphaitene association has been demonstrated for the first time.     

从热力学理论讨论烃类的演化

地质体中的石油,处于一种特殊的介质内,在漫长的地质历史时期,由于埋藏深度的增加,受着较高的温度和压力的影响,发生着改变石油成分和性质的种种演化。可以说,压力与温度是影响石油性质的主要因素。石油成分的变化,是一种化学变化。而热力学在解决化学变化方向上的正确性,已为许多化学实践所证实。本文以热力学理论为基础,侧重于压力因素的定性对比,结合我国湘中地区古生界碳酸盐岩等方面的资料,探讨石油的演化。初步研究表明,地层压力是石油演化中的一个重要因素。      

弱凝胶调驱体系在岩心试验中的行为特性研究

弱凝胶调驱技术指采用接近聚合物驱的溶液浓度,加入少量延缓交联型交联剂,使之在地层内产生缓慢、轻度交联,在某种程度上可看作是将聚合物驱和调剖有机结合的总体技术。研究了弱凝胶在常规岩心中的行为特性,包括已形成的弱凝胶在岩心中的运移行为、弱凝胶在岩心中形成后水驱的行为、弱凝胶选择性调驱作用及双管驱替的整体效果。试验结果表明:弱凝胶在岩心中可发生运移;弱凝胶调驱剂具有较好的渗透率选择性,即优先进入高渗透的大孔道,进入低渗透部位则很少;弱凝胶调驱措施有较好的提高采收率效果。     

高含水期水动力学开发调整数模新技术应用

油藏数值模拟新技术是高含水期油田开发调整的有力工具。它提供多样化的图形，帮助油藏工程师迅速了解油田开发历史和分层水淹过程。饱和度图可以帮助发现剩余油分布富集地带，流线图是重要的流体力学研究手段。对于埕东油田，通过历史拟合确定剩余油分布，然后优化开发调，补充井，为变液流方向和转注高含水井，达到了改善油田开发效果和提高采收率的目的。     

塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩中硅化作用成因

塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩局部发生了显著的硅化作用。塔北的沙15井、沙5井、沙13井、塔深1井,塔中的中3井、塔中1井等的下古生界岩心上可以看到晶簇状石英充填或半充填于碳酸盐岩溶蚀孔洞中。石英中的流体包裹体具有较高的均一温度,其主峰区间为150~190℃。石英氧同位素δ18OV-SMOW值位于18.6‰和24.14‰之间,流体包裹体水氢同位素δDV-SMOW值位于-118.36‰和-83.39‰之间。石英在稀土元素组成上具有轻稀土富集和显著的Eu负异常的特征。流体包裹体均一温度、氢氧同位素和稀土元素组成表明下古生界碳酸盐岩中的石英形成于岩浆热液流体。岩浆热液在沉淀石英的同时会对碳酸盐岩储层产生显著的溶蚀改造作用,在实际油气勘探中应该给予足够的重视。     

中扬子区下三叠统嘉陵江组溶塌角砾岩的形成时期

本文根据溶塌角砾岩的物理、化学和生物等特征分析,认为中扬子区嘉陵江组溶塌角砾岩,一般是在印支期和印支—燕山早期形成的,即在中、古生界油气远移、聚集前已形成。因此嘉陵江组溶塌角砾岩是不可忽视的有利储集岩。      

塔河缝洞型油藏注水替油开发效果评价

塔河油田奥陶系油藏为碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型油藏,通过多年的控水稳油,采收率仍然只达到12%,通过理论研究和现场试验,以Ⅲ类缝洞单元为油藏单元的注水替油取得突破兴进展,预计可提高Ⅲ类缝洞单元采收率达2%,同时注水开发技术为塔河碳酸盐岩岩溶缝洞型油藏提高采收率提供坚实的技术保障。     

全直径样品分析在测井解释裂缝孔隙度中的应用研究――以克拉玛依油田百31井区二叠系油藏为例

求取裂缝性油藏裂缝孔隙度的方法通常是先通过成像测井识别和拾取出高导缝,然后再利用成像测井对常规测井识别的裂缝和计算的裂缝孔隙度进行标定。在缺少成像测井资料的情况下,以克拉玛依油田百31井区二叠系裂缝性油藏为实例,以全直径样品分析所获得的单点裂缝孔隙度为依据,以深、浅双侧向电阻率计算裂缝孔隙度为手段,在常规测井进行裂缝识别以及划分裂缝发育段的前提下,用岩芯单点处实测的单点裂缝孔隙度对裂缝解释孔隙度参数进行标定,定量地获得了裂缝孔隙度值。     

构造滤波分析技术在火烧山油田H2层裂缝预测中的应用

新疆准噶尔东部火烧山油田长轴近似南北向的背斜构造。油藏储集层基质孔渗低,而裂缝却十分发育,裂缝主要受构造应力控制,同时岩性也起相当作用。裂缝多发于在细粉砂岩之中,裂缝发育对于极低渗透油藏储集层流动能力贡献很大,要充分发挥油藏储集层裂缝在开发中积极作用而尽量减小其负面影响。如果在注采井网优化调整,以及在增产措施实施之前就能对裂缝有较为准确的预测,就会大大提高开发效果。构造滤波分析技术是预测裂缝发育区域的有效技术之一。本文应用构造滤波分析技术对火烧山油田H2层油藏储集层裂缝进行了精细分析研究,有效利用与规避裂缝,提高注采对应与增产措施的有效性。