基于光纤光栅传感技术的桥梁结构应变监测可行性研究

该文阐述了光纤光栅传感技术的基本原理及其优势,介绍了光纤Bragg光栅传感器(FBG)的布设工艺。利用埋入武黄高速公路某大桥内的FBG和电阻应变片实现了该桥梁在荷载试验过程中的应变监测。并通过比较FBG与电阻应变片测得的应变值来验证光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)传感技术用于桥梁应变监测的可行性。     

光纤布拉格光栅传感器用于混凝土结构施工监测

采用与土木工程施工特点相适应的操作工艺与保护方法,将自行研制的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应变传感器与温度传感器埋入一幢5层钢筋混凝土结构的大楼中,用以监测该建筑在施工过程中梁、柱的应变与温度变化.研究结果表明,埋入的FBG传感器可以方便地监测施工过程中混凝土结构内部温度与应变的变化,为混凝土结构的健康监测提供依据;自行研制的FBG传感器传感性能良好,成活率高,寿命长,为基于FBG传感器长期的混凝土结构健康监测奠定了基础.     

光纤光栅传感器监测混凝土固化收缩实验研究

介绍了光纤光栅应变传感器的基本原理及优点,开发了基于光纤光栅技术的温度传感器与应变传感器,并对它们的工作特性进行了分析;应用裸光纤光栅和自制封装的光纤光栅传感器,监测了混凝土梁固化过程(2~16 h)中混凝土内部的温度变化,以及混凝土内部和钢筋表面的收缩应变.实验结果表明:在使用光纤光栅对混凝土固化期收缩应变监测时必须考虑温度的影响,要进行温度补偿,该监测方法是混凝土养护期恶劣环境条件下收缩应变监测的理想方法,可用于任意尺寸的大体积混凝土固化期温度应变的监测.     

基于FBG传感器的桥梁结构应变监测

文章通过在桥梁模型中埋入光纤布拉格光栅传感器,验证FBG传感器可应用于桥梁结构的应变监测。首先介绍了光纤传感技术、国内外的发展现状及应用,比较了目前较为常用的两种光纤传感器:光纤光栅传感器、光纤法珀传感器。接着着重介绍了本次试验所用的FBG传感器,然后通过对桥梁模型的结构分析确定监测内容,并进行应力分布研究,在此基础上完成对FBG传感器的优化布设。最后,通过对数据的采集和评估验证监测系统可行性。应用结果表明,FBG传感器系统可以很好地反映桥梁结构应力变化,能够实现对桥梁结构健康监测。     

基于光纤光栅应变传感器在斜拉桥健康监测系统中的应用

桥梁结构健康监测系统正处于高速发展阶段。主要阐述了传统的电类传感器监测与光纤光栅传感器区别及光纤光栅传感器的优点;光纤光栅传感器的应用领域等发展现状及其工作原理以及光纤光栅传感器在斜拉桥健康监测系统中的布点设计和应用结果。     

基于光纤光栅传感技术的超高层建筑结构监测

为验证光纤光栅传感器测量的准确性和精度,将光纤光栅传感器布设于钢筋混凝土梁构件中,用于监测其受力应变值,试验所得到的应变监测结果与电阻应变片结果、理论计算值结果相吻合。然后将光纤光栅传感器成功地应用到超高层建筑的重要构件应力监测中,探索了适合土木工程现场施工特点的光纤传感器埋设工艺和传感系统保护方法,监测了构件在施工过程中的应力变化。工程应用表明:光纤布拉格光栅是实现结构长期健康监测的可靠手段。     

FRP-FBG桥梁智能拉索开发和传感特性研究应用

针对传统力传感器监测桥梁拉索应力布设不方便、测试精度低及其裸光纤光栅传感器比较脆、极限应变比较低等弊端,提出利用高耐久性和高强度的玻璃纤维材料封装光纤光栅传感器,研制出了光纤光栅智能筋复合传感器(GFRP-OFBGS)监测桥梁拉索应力。首先,给出了GFRP-OFBGS的加工工艺及其在桥梁拉索中的布设方法,使之与桥梁拉索协同变形。并根据不同的布设方法,开发了粘结式和取代式两种自监测智能拉索。然后,对不同直径GFRP-OFBGS传感特性进行了研究,得出裸光纤光栅通过FRP封装后,它的应变灵敏系数没有改变,温度灵敏系数提高了1.7倍。随着GFRP-OFBGS的直径增加,极限应变也相应增加。其次,对粘结式和取代式两种自监测智能拉索分别进行了张拉试验,其测试结果很好地表征了整个张拉过程和张拉力的大小。最后,对GFRP-OFBG传感器在拱桥系杆的布设工艺进行了探索,并在四川峨边大渡河拱桥系杆施工中得到了具体实施和应用,成功地监测了系杆的整个张拉过程。基于一年的监测数据,检验了系杆张拉效果并判断了目前的运营状况。     

土木工程施工过程的光纤光栅监控技术

光纤光栅传感器性能优良,适合土木工程应变的长期测量。对光纤光栅传感器用于土木工程监测的布设工艺等相关问题进行了研究,并在江苏省邮政通信指挥中心工程成功地使用光纤光栅传感器对施工中结构受力体系转换过程进行了监控。结果表明,光纤光栅传感器测量数据稳定可靠,并且能进行分布式测量,效果明显优于传统的应变计。     

斜拉桥结构健康监测系统的设计与实现(Ⅱ):系统实现

采用"斜拉桥结构健康监测系统的设计与实现(Ⅰ)-系统设计"中所建立的设计方法,分别为两座大型斜拉桥设计并实现长期实时健康监测系统和定期实时健康监测系统滨州黄河公路大桥长期实时健康监测系统和哈尔滨松花江大桥定期实时健康监测系统.研究两座大型斜拉桥结构健康监测系统的总体设计方案、子系统的设计方案和硬软件设备及其实现、系统的集成技术及其实现方法;分析两套健康监测系统在成桥试验和运营中监测的桥梁结构荷载和静动力反应.结果表明,两座斜拉桥结构健康监测系统均能协调运行,实现了预期设计功能;系统中布设的光纤光栅应变和温度传感器测试精度高、耐久性好、抗电磁干扰性能强;系统中建立的远程无线微波通讯系统可以实时传输和再现监测信号.     

斜拉桥结构健康监测系统的设计与实现(II):系统实现

采用“斜拉桥结构健康监测系统的设计与实现(I)-系统设计”中所建立的设计方法,分别为两座大型斜拉桥设计并实现长期实时健康监测系统和定期实时健康监测系统:滨州黄河公路大桥长期实时健康监测系统和哈尔滨松花江大桥定期实时健康监测系统。研究两座大型斜拉桥结构健康监测系统的总体设计方案、子系统的设计方案和硬软件设备及其实现、系统的集成技术及其实现方法;分析两套健康监测系统在成桥试验和运营中监测的桥梁结构荷载和静动力反应。结果表明,两座斜拉桥结构健康监测系统均能协调运行,实现了预期设计功能;系统中布设的光纤光栅应变和温度传感器测试精度高、耐久性好、抗电磁干扰性能强;系统中建立的远程无线微波通讯系统可以实时传输和再现监测信号。     

Fatigue stress monitoring and analyses for steel box girder of Runyang Suspension Bridge

The monitoring of fatigue stress of steel bridge is a key issue of bridge health monitoring and safety assessment. This paper aims to find out the strain history features of the girder components of Runyang Suspension Bridge (RYSB) under vehicle and environmental loading during its first year of service based on the strain-history data recorded by structural health monitoring system installed in the bridge. The fatigue stress spectrums of steel box girders under normal traffic load, heavy trucks and typhoon loads were studied as well as the correlation between varying strain and temperature based on real-time monitoring of temperature histories. The results show that, monitoring on local strain in health monitoring systems of RYSB can effectively provide the information on fatigue stresses. The range of the equivalent fatigue stress on the monitoring location of the bridge is currently low, mainly due to varying traffic loading and temperature. There exists significant correlation between varying temperature and mean value of fatigue stress. Effect of the passing of heavy trucks on bridge fatigue is quite significant since the value of the cumulative fatigue damage generated by heavy trucks is 10 to 100 times larger than that by normal traffic. Therefore, the effect on fatigue cumulative damage due to heavy trucks or overloaded vehicles needs to be monitored and paid much attention to.     

Fatigue stress monitoring and analyses for steel box girder of Runyang Suspension Bridge

The monitoring of fatigue stress of steel bridge is a key issue of bridge health monitoring and safety assessment. This paper aims to find out the strain history features of the girder components of Runyang Suspension Bridge (RYSB) under vehicle and environmental loading during its first year of service based on the strain-history data recorded by structural health monitoring system installed in the bridge. The fatigue stress spectrums of steel box girders under normal traffic load, heavy trucks and typhoon loads were studied as well as the correlation between varying strain and temperature based on real-time monitoring of temperature histories. The results show that, monitoring on local strain in health monitoring systems of RYSB can effectively provide the information on fatigue stresses. The range of the equivalent fatigue stress on the monitoring location of the bridge is currently low, mainly due to varying traffic loading and temperature. There exists significant correlation between varying temperature and mean value of fatigue stress. Effect of the passing of heavy trucks on bridge fatigue is quite significant since the value of the cumulative fatigue damage generated by heavy trucks is 10 to 100 times larger than that by normal traffic. Therefore, the effect on fatigue cumulative damage due to heavy trucks or overloaded vehicles needs to be monitored and paid much attention to. __________ Translated from Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 37(2): 280–286 [译自: 东南大学学报(自然科学版)]     

预应力混凝土梁式桥安全运营监测系统研究

以一座三跨预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥作为监测研究对象,对预应力混凝土梁式桥结构安全运营监测系统进行设计,阐述监测系统的监测对象、监测内容及设计原则,并对传感器的布置进行优化设计。提出基于动态称重(WIM)技术对桥梁实施安全运营监测的方法,编制桥梁实时动力分析程序BDANS(Bridge Dynamic Analysis System)梁式桥动力分析功能模块,分析桥梁在随机车流作用下的结构动力特性,建立车辆超载超限分级预警管理系统与桥梁结构承载力安全状况分级预警管理系统。该监测系统可实时连续地监测桥梁,并对桥梁的安全运营状况进行评估。     

Reliability assessment of cable-stayed bridges based on structural health monitoring techniques

This paper presents the reliability analysis approach of long-span cable-stayed bridges based on structural health monitoring (SHM) technology. First, the framework of structural reliability analysis is recognised based on SHM. The modelling approach of vehicle loads and environmental actions and the extreme value of responses based on SHM are proposed, and then models of vehicle and environmental actions and the extreme value of inner force are statistically obtained using the monitored data of a cable-stayed bridge. For the components without FBG strain sensors, the effects and models (extreme values) of dead load, unit temperature load, and wind load of the bridge can be calculated by the updated finite element model and monitored load models. The bearing capacity of a deteriorated structure can be obtained by the updated finite element model or durability analysis. The reliability index of the bridge's critical components (stiffening girder in this study) can be estimated by using a reliability analysis method, e.g. first order reliability method (FORM) based on the models of extreme value of response and ultimate capacity of the structure. Finally, the proposed approach is validated by a practical long-span cable-stayed bridge with the SHM system. In the example, reliability indices of the bridge's stiffening girder at the stage after repair and replacement after 18 years of operation, and the damaged stage are evaluated.     

Deployment of a dense hybrid wireless sensing system for bridge assessment

Discussed in this paper is the deployment of a dense wireless sensor system on a short span integral abutment bridge superstructure located in St. Lawrence County, New York. The Wireless Sensor Solution (WSS) is designed specifically for diagnostic bridge monitoring providing independent conditioning for accelerometers and strain transducers. During deployment, strain measurements are obtained in real-time under ambient environmental and traffic loading. Strain transducers are placed at various locations along the girders, including the top and bottom flanges of a heavily instrumented interior girder at the mid-span and the abutment ends where the neutral axis location, section modulus, and girder moments are obtained. Results from the strain data analysis aid in quantifying the bridge response; notably, detection of end fixity, load distribution, and composite action between the girders and bridge deck. The measured responses are illustrated to propose a deterioration profile based on the level of capacity and demand.     

连续箱梁桥静动载试验效应的分析

以牡丹江东四桥静动载试验为工程依托,对该连续箱梁桥的静动载试验效应进行了分析,测得了在静载作用下跨中挠度和应变、支点应变,以及动载作用下结构的冲击系数、自振频率和竖向阻尼比,并与规范规定值或计算值进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,该桥具有良好的安全储备,本文的方法和结果对今后连续箱梁桥的静动载试验提供了一定的借鉴。     

Strengthen and real-time monitoring of RC beam using “intelligent” CFRP with embedded FBG sensors

The reinforced concrete (RC) structures strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) have been widely used since they have the prominent characteristics that the structures strengthened with traditional methods cannot compare with. FBG sensors have excellent performances of high sensitivity, interference resistance, corrosion resistance, micro-volume, lightweight and variable form, one-line multi-point monitoring, long distance monitoring etc. Due to the compatibility with CFRP sheets, they can be embedded into the CFRP-strengthened RC beams. In the paper the strain change of CFRP is calculated through monitoring the wavelength change of FBG sensors during load-bearing process of the tested RC beams. Then the theoretically calculated strain of tensile steel and compressive concrete is obtained according to the plane cross-sectional geometric relationship function. It is found that the theoretically calculated strains agree well with the experimental value monitored by FBG sensors. The wavelength signal of FBG sensors embedded in CFRP has a uniform linear relationship with the strain measured by strain gauge. The real-time theoretically calculated load agrees well with the applied load.     

实际车辆荷载作用下的预应力混凝土连续梁桥动力响应分析及验证

以一座三跨单箱单室预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥为对象,利用车辆-桥梁耦合振动关系建立单梁车辆、桥梁运动微分方程,通过二者变形协调、相互作用力协调关系实现车辆-桥梁的耦合关系;修正了自编的桥梁动力响应计算程序,通过建立在桥梁上的高速弯板称重系统实现对实际过桥交通荷载的识别,并将识别出的实际车辆荷载信息输入已建立的桥梁动力响应计算程序,快速计算出在实际车辆荷载作用下的桥梁动力响应,并利用ANSYS软件进行静力验证,用实际过桥车流产生的动应变进行动力验证。     

基于马尔可夫链的钢箱梁正交异性板疲劳状态分析

为对正交异性板U肋的剩余强度退化规律进行研究,引入马尔可夫过程理论,以特大跨径钢箱梁悬索桥--西堠门大桥为工程背景展开研究。首先分析西堠门大桥钢箱梁长期应变监测数据的时频特征,应用小波分析分离出环境温度变化所引起的桥面板结构应力波动,再对小波变换系数在不同尺度上选择合适的阈值来消除由环境随机激励和测量噪声引起的低幅值应力变异;采用雨流计数法对车辆荷载作用下的应变监测数据进行统计分析,得到疲劳应力范围并设定6个疲劳应力区间;然后由U肋对接部位的典型S-N曲线计算得到其强度从初始状态至最终状态的转移概率,并根据Palmgren-Miner线性疲劳累积损伤理论构造出连接部位易损点区域强度演变的状态转移概率矩阵;最后利用初始状态的概率分布向量和状态转移概率矩阵,得出大桥运营阶段不同时刻对应的剩余强度值,给出U肋连接部位的强度退化轨迹。结果表明：所建立的疲劳状态分析模型可以考虑构件强度退化过程中各状态的相关性,能够根据车流量变化来预测正交异性板U肋疲劳状态随桥梁服役时间的变化规律,从而可实现钢箱梁正交异性板U肋的服役性能评估。