内锥面喷头熔体静电纺丝工艺参数对纤维直径的影响

提出了1种批量化制备纳米纤维的熔体微分静电纺丝新装置——内锥面纺丝喷头,并研究了纺丝过程中主要的工艺参数——电场强度、熔体温度、气流速度对纤维成型过程及直径的影响。实验结果表明:随着电场强度增大,PP纤维直径减小,但电场强度过大时,内锥面喷头周向上的射流分布不均匀;随着熔体温度升高,纤维直径减小,但熔体温度过高时,不能成纤;气流辅助有助于纤维变细,且气流速度越大,纤维越细。     

静电纺丝制备聚醚酮酮超细纤维

用溶液静电纺丝方法制备了聚醚酮酮超细纤维,用扫描电子显微镜研究了实验过程中纺丝电压、纺丝距离、流量、纺丝液浓度对于聚醚酮酮纤维直径和形貌的影响,并对多个纺丝参数的影响规律进行了分析。实验结果表明,在一定条件下纺丝电压和纺丝距离对纤维直径影响较小,而流量和纺丝液浓度能显著影响纤维直径,在小流量、低浓度容易得到较细的纤维,并且纤维直径分布集中。     

熔体微分静电纺PBAT纤维膜的制备工艺研究

探究了聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBAT）熔体静电纺性能,并研究了熔体微分静电纺工艺参数与PBAT纤维性能之间的关系。结果表明,随着纺丝温度的升高,纤维直径减小,纤维直径分布呈先减小后增大的趋势;随着纺丝电压的升高,纤维直径减小且分布均匀,纤维膜力学性能逐渐提高;当纺丝距离为9 cm,纺丝温度为260 ℃,纺丝电压为45 kV时,制备的纤维细度及均匀度最佳,其直径为4.31 μm,直径分布标准差为0.76,纤维膜拉伸强度为9.9 MPa、断裂伸长率为111.2 %。     

熔体静电纺丝制备高通量微滤膜

为研制出低成本高效过滤微滤膜,对熔体静电纺丝制备的聚丙烯(PP)纤维过滤膜进行了探究,通过改变电压、风速及温度等参数对单、双电极熔体静电纺丝进行试验,得出熔体静电纺丝双电极电纺膜性能优于单电极电纺膜的结论。采用熔体静电纺丝双电极装置制备出平均纤维直径2μm的过滤膜,验证了采用熔体静电纺丝制备高通量过滤膜的可行性,通过对比得出熔体电纺过滤膜的纯水通量是市售孔径0.45μm PP过滤膜的5倍之多,且对大于其纤维直径的微粒的截留率高达95%以上,力学性能好,可用作预过滤膜对污水进行预处理。     

相对分子质量调节剂在PP熔体微分静电纺丝中的纤维细化作用

利用自制熔体微分静电纺丝装置,添加相对分子质量调节剂CR76,进行聚丙烯(PP)熔体微分静电纺丝,讨论了CR76含量及纺丝温度对PP熔体黏度及纤维直径的影响。结果表明:在200~280℃加工温度下,添加质量分数2%~10%CR76的PP熔体黏度降低到纯PP的25%以下;提高CR76含量与纺丝温度有助于PP纤维直径细化;添加质量分数10%CR76,纺丝温度280℃,制备的PP纤维直径大都小于1μm,平均直径可达970 nm。     

高黏度聚乳酸(PLA)熔体微分离心静电纺丝

离心纺丝已成为制备超细纤维的有效途径,将离心纺丝和静电纺丝结合起来的离心静电纺丝,纺丝效率高、纤维细度低。但是目前离心静电纺丝相关的研究十分有限,且主要涉及溶液离心静电纺丝。为了解决这一问题,本文设计了一种基于熔体微分的熔体离心静电纺丝装置,选取聚乳酸（PLA）作为研究对象,探究了挤出机转速和流量的关系,得出挤出机转速在20r/min、流量为1.6089g/min时纺丝效果最佳。研究了离心盘转速、纺丝电压等因素对纤维的影响,得出增加离心盘转速可大幅细化纤维直径,离心盘转速提高1倍,纤维直径减小77.26%;纺丝电压的加入不仅可以细化纤维直径,而且可以提高纤维的结晶度。结果表明：熔体微分离心静电纺丝可以高效制备PLA超细纤维,并且通过改变实验参数可以控制纤维特征,为离心静电纺丝产业化提供实验依据。     

聚醚砜的静电纺丝研究

采用聚醚砜(PES)的良溶剂二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和非良溶剂丙酮(AC)为共溶剂体系,研究了溶剂组成、纺丝成形条件对静电纺丝PES纤维的形貌及纤维直径的影响。结果表明:DMF/AC的配比对于静电纺丝PES纤维形貌具有直接的调控作用,随着DMF/AC混合溶剂中AC用量的增加,纤维平均直径变大,纤维毡中串珠数目明显减少,纤维均一性变好;随着纺丝液浓度的升高,纺丝电压的增大,纤维的平均直径变大;接收距离的变化对纤维平均直径影响不大;PES最佳纺丝工艺条件为纺丝溶液质量分数13%,纺丝电压15 kV,接收距离10 cm,mDMF/mAC为8.5/1.5,在此条件下,可以获得纤维平均直径为96 nm的PES纤维毡。     

熔体静电纺丝的电场分布及其对PET纤维成形的影响

借助ANSYS软件模拟聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)熔体静电纺丝在不同参数(纺丝电压、接收距离、接收板面积)条件下的电场分布,探讨电场分布对熔体静电纺丝PET射流运动与纤维形貌的影响。结果表明,在单喷嘴–平板结构模型中,提高纺丝电压将增强整体空间电场强度,使电场对PET熔体射流的控制力加强,PET熔体射流的摆动半径减小,当纺丝电压由24 k V升高到30 k V时,摆动半径由11.7 mm减至9.9 mm,而摆动角增大,由10.1°增至11.2°,PET纤维直径显著减小,由3.275μm减至2.202μm;接收距离的改变对接收板表面电场的影响显著,随着接收距离的增加,PET射流的直线段比例明显下降,当接收距离由50 mm增加至90 mm时,PET熔体射流的直线段比例由68.0%减至54.0%,PET纤维直径在适中接收距离(70 mm)下表现较细,可达2.184μm;接收板面积的减小加强了对PET熔体射流的控制,使PET熔体射流直线段比例显著增加,当接收板面积由15 cm×15 cm减小至10 cm×10 cm时,PET熔体射流直线段比例由68.0%增加至82.6%,摆动半径减小,由9.9 mm减至4.2 mm,沉积角因PET熔体射流贴服接收板而减小,由12.2°减至9.1°,PET纤维直径稍有增加,由2.202μm增加至2.537μm。     

熔体电纺聚乳酸可控结构成型工艺初探

采用自主设计的实验装置,在三维可控运动辅助下利用熔体静电纺丝技术,制备了有序聚乳酸纤维。研究了喷头运动速度、电压、接收距离及进料速度对电纺纤维直径和沉积特点的影响。结果表明,随着喷头速度、电压的增加,以及电压与接收距离同时增加,纤维直径相应减小;随着进料速度、接收距离的增加,纤维直径增大;且当喷头运动速度为1 000 mm/min,电压2 k V,接收距离10 mm,进料螺杆速度20 r/min时,纤维可控沉积性最佳。获得连续均一的二维拓扑网格结构。     

醋酸纤维素的熔体静电纺丝

静电纺丝是一种利用聚合物溶液或熔体在强电场作用下形成喷射流,制备连续纳米纤维的工艺。熔体法静电纺丝技术不使用溶剂,绿色环保。探索了改性醋酸纤维素(CA)的熔体静电纺丝技术,考察了不同纺丝条件如纺丝温度和纺丝电压对纤维直径的影响,并通过MFR测试、纺丝纤维XRD表征、SEM分析表征了不同纺丝实验条件下制备纤维的性能,得出醋酸纤维素在熔体温度为190℃,纺丝距离为14 cm,纺丝电压为63 k V时获得的纤维直径最小。     

Radial crystallization difference of melt-spun polypropylene fiber along spinning line

The radial crystallization difference of polypropylene (PP) fiber along spinning line was investigated via synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) analysis for the first time. Running fibers were collected at different spinning line positions to study its radial crystallization difference. The distribution of crystallinity, crystal form, and crystal size of PP fiber were obtained based on peak deconvolution. The relation between radial crystallization difference and processing condition was also investigated. The results indicate that the crystallinity of PP in the center region is found higher than the surface due to the radial temperature gradient during melt spinning, and the structure of fiber is highly sensitive to the radial temperature gradient. The crystallinity increased along spinning line and reaches a steady rate after 50 cm of spinning line position. The crystallite size increased before 50 cm of spinning line position and has a slight decrease after 50 cm due to the growth and splitting of crystal. These results display a 2D view of crystallization development of fiber during the melt spinning and give us a basic knowledge about the relation between structure evolution and processing conditions both in axis and radial directions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47175.     

The effect of melt spinning process parameters on the spinnability of polyetheretherketone

This study has been carried out to investigate the processing parameters affecting polyetheretherketone's (PEEK) spinnability in a melt spinning process. PEEK has excellent mechanical and thermal properties and fibers made from it could be used in extreme environments. Different PEEK grades were characterized thermally and rheologically to see which one is the most suitable for fiber spinning. The spinning tests made with the most suitable grade (Victrex 151G) show that increased processing temperature, increased capillary diameter or shorter spinning path length improves spinnability. The best fibers made in optimal processing conditions (400°C temperature, 30/1 mm capillary, and 5 cm spinning path) were 18 μm in average diameter. Because of the limitations of the system used, variations in fiber thickness were noticeable and worsened the spinning stability. Scanning electron microscope photos confirmed these variations, and they were also visible in an optical microscope. The selected low‐viscosity PEEK grade provided good spinnability but gave filaments with only mediocre mechanical properties, the tensile strength being around 280 MPa. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

花色纺丝II.冷管热管纺丝张力不匀及工艺调节

冷管与热管上纺丝因不同的纺丝温度导致纤维的张力不同 ,丝条集束后在卷绕时引起卷绕成型不良。为解决由于采用新工艺所产生的卷绕张力不匀 ,在不同的纺丝工艺下 ,利用计算机对纺丝成形张力进行了数学模拟计算。计算结果显示 ,改变冷管的直径和起始位置 ,对卷绕张力无调节作用 ,且不影响纤维的结晶和取向 ,而改变热管直径 ,对卷绕张力也无调节作用 ,但使快速结晶时的位置沿纺程后移。因此 ,需要在集束点之前加装一个张力调节补偿装置 ,或者使用变径热管纺丝系统装置来调节纺丝张力     

Behavior of melt electrospinning/blowing for polypropylene fiber fabrication

The fabrication process of polymer fibers has been analyzed in various ways, and several studies have been conducted to develop new processes and optimize existing ones. Several studies have been conducted on the electrospinning process, which can easily fabricate nanofibers, and the development of materials manufactured through electrospinning has also been investigated. However, research on the nanofiber fabrication and processing of thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate, is relatively lacking. Therefore, research on nanofiber fabrication is essential. In this study, PP fibers were successfully manufactured through a melt electrospinning/blowing process, which combined melt blowing and electrospinning. To analyze the melt electrospinning/blowing process, the dynamic behavior of the spinning process was observed using a charge-coupled device camera in real time, and the effects of the different spinning conditions were compared and analyzed. As the hot air or high voltage was increased, the spinning jet area tended to increase. In addition, the average diameter of the fabricated fibers tended to decrease as a high voltage was applied at a hot air pressure of 0.01 MPa; conversely, the average diameter tended to increase at a hot air pressure of 0.03 MPa. A similar trend was observed for the tensile stresses in the PP web fabrics. The polymer fibers produced by this melt electrospinning/blowing process can be applied as a production process for nanomembranes, filters and battery separators. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry.     

熔体直纺多孔超细涤纶POY纺丝成形工艺研究

研究了熔体直纺多孔超细涤纶POY的成形加工条件。重点探讨了直纺熔体品质、纺丝温度、冷却成形条件和卷绕速度对多孔超细涤纶POY纺丝成形过程中的流变性、可纺性和结构性能以及纤维品质的影响。     

涤纶POY纺丝工艺的计算机模拟研究

基于熔融纺丝动力学模型及理论,在已知物性参数的情况下,计算模拟了不同线密度、纺丝速度、吹风速度对涤纶预取向丝(POY)丝条温度、速度、应力、直径在纺程上的变化.结果表明:随着线密度、纺丝速度、吹风速度的增加,涤纶POY丝条温度、速度、应力沿纺程递增;纤维直径随线密度的增加而增加,纺丝速度、吹风速度对纤维直径的影响很小.     

狭缝式熔体微分电纺工艺参数对射流间距的影响

采用自主设计的狭缝式熔体微分静电纺丝装置对聚丙烯（PP）材料进行熔体静电纺丝,研究了纺丝电压、纺丝距离和纺丝温度3个纺丝参数对射流间距的影响。结果表明,射流间距随纺丝电压的升高而减小;射流间距随纺丝距离的减小而增大,但当纺丝距离低于80 mm并继续减小时,射流间距保持不变;射流间距随纺丝温度的升高而减小,当纺丝温度达到230 ℃并继续升高时,射流间距保持不变;当纺丝电压为60 kV,纺丝距离为100 mm,纺丝温度为245 ℃时,射流间距最小,可达3.3 mm。     

Effect of metallic wire inserted in nozzle in high-speed melt spinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

High-speed melt spinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate) was performed using a spinning nozzle with an inserted metallic wire of various lengths (0, 8, 30, and 45 mm). The molecular orientation of as-spun fibers increased with the increase in the wire length at all the take-up velocities examined. Along with the enhanced molecular orientation, the longer wire length led to the starting of orientation-induced crystallization at lower take-up velocities. The structure of crystallized fibers obtained at low speeds can be characterized by high crystallinity and relatively low molecular orientation. From the on-line measurement of the diameter and temperature profiles of the spin line with the 30-mm metallic wire, it was revealed that the spin-line had a maximum diameter of about 6 mm at the wire end. The spin-line temperature at this position was about 190°C. The solidification of the spin-line occurred at positions much closer to the spinneret in comparison with ordinary high-speed spinning. These results show that high-speed spinning with a wire inserted in the nozzle corresponds to a spinning process operated at extremely low extrusion temperature using a nozzle with an extremely large diameter. From the starting of orientation-induced crystallization at lower levels of birefringence in comparison with ordinary high-speed spinning, the alteration of the inherent fiber structure that cannot be represented by birefringence was also suggested. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 665–674, 1998