磁流变液的特性研究

对以金属铁颗粒为主体的磁流变液的一般特性进行了研究。详细研究了材料的颗粒大小、形状、比例以及温度等对磁流变液特性的影响。研究了流体的屈服应力与磁场关系,剪切应力与磁场以及剪切速率的关系。实验发现,磁流变液出现磁饱和现象不仅与材料特性有关,而且与配比比例有关;剪切应力不仅与材料的颗粒大小有关,还与材料的制备工艺有关。     

磁场对电化学腐蚀行为的影响

磁场在未来可能成为一种主要的防腐蚀方法,从腐蚀速率、腐蚀形貌、传质速率、自腐蚀状态、阳极溶解和阴极去极化等几个方面综述了磁场对电化学腐蚀过程的影响。磁感应强度与腐蚀速率为非正相关关系,磁场在电极表面的不均匀分布与其腐蚀形貌有良好的对应关系。磁场对电化学过程的影响最主要体现在液相传质步骤,对由电子转移步骤控制的电化学过程的影响微乎其微,主要影响由液相传质控制的钝化、活化及其相互转变的过程,但洛仑兹力和磁场梯度力对电化学过程的作用不同。磁场对阴极极化的影响主要体现在对溶液中参与阴极去极化反应离子的作用。提出了磁场在与电化学有关方向潜在的应用前景和将来的发展方向。     

光泵氦磁力仪测磁场梯度的新方法研究

本文通过分析推导出光泵氨磁力仪的共振曲线与磁场梯度的关系,并在此基础上提出一种新的测量磁场梯度的方法:用磁场线圈产生一个补偿磁场梯度,再用一套极值跟踪测试系统自动跟踪测试磁场梯度。     

非晶合金Fe78Si9B13的纳米晶化及电阻研究

采用QJ36型单双臂两用电桥四点接触法对脉冲磁场处理后的非晶合金Fe78Si9B13试样的比电阻进行了研究。实验结果表明，脉冲磁场处理后试样的比电阻与磁场强度存在一极小值关系，并出现电阻反常现象(在一定参数下电阻升高)；比电阻随磁场频率增加而呈非单调减小。由电子显微镜分析可知，脉冲磁场处理可使非晶合金Fe78Si9B13发生纳米晶化，由此可知电阻反常现象是试样纳米晶化的结果。     

励磁电流对离子推力器推力变化影响研究

离子推力器磁场是影响放电室等离子体密度的关键因素之一,在其他参数配合下通过调节磁场对推力进行宽范围精确调节。为了揭示磁场与推力之间的变化关系,从理论分析角度建立励磁电流和推力器推力之间的关系模型,根据理论模型得到的影响趋势,设计并进行了推力调节试验,得到了磁场与推力之间的关系曲线,验证了理论分析的正确性。试验证明,励磁电流对推力变化影响,之间存在非线性关系。     

经典海浪谱下运动飞行器接收到的海浪磁场噪声

根据前人对海浪感应磁场研究的成果，在海浪是平稳正态随机过程的假设下，求出了飞行器接收的海浪感应磁场噪声功率谱的表达式。在讨论功率谱和飞行角度的关系时，发现海浪感应磁场随飞行角度变化，为低频、窄带大干扰或高频、宽带小干扰，并且在某些飞行角度会出现奇点，进行了仿真计算，结果符合理论表达式。     

外延砷化镓制的磁场和低温敏感元件

在低温和超导研究与应用中,常常需要同时测量温度和磁场。商用霍尔探针和电阻温度计(碳电阻、锗电阻)或二极管温度计是测磁场和低温的最常用的元件。在某些情况下必须同时知道指定点的磁场和温度两者。然而还没有可用来作这种测量的仪器。敏感元件除了要具有大的灵敏度外,很重要的一点是应对二级参数无关,即温度计与磁场、霍尔探针与温度的关系必须     

外应力对Terfenol-D棒的应变和磁感应强度的影响

超磁致伸缩材料Terfenol-D是一种新型的功能材料,以Terfenol-D为核心元件设计各种换能器时,磁场H和应力σ是必须考虑的因素.研究了一定偏置磁场下外加压应力对Terfenol-D棒的应变和磁感应强度的影响.首先测试了在一定的偏置磁场下外压应力和应变的关系,结果表明偏置磁场一定时,应变和应力之间的关系复杂,可用磁性材料技术磁化理论来解释.其次又测试了一定偏置磁场下的外加动态应力和磁感应强度的关系,测试结果表明一定的偏置磁场下,外加压应力增加,磁感应强度减小;偏置磁场为5kA/m时,磁感应强度达到最大值.该实验结果可以为基于Terfenol-D的换能器件的设计提供技术支持.     

磁场作用对等规聚丙烯结晶行为的影响

通过偏光显微镜(POM)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等手段研究了磁场作用对熔融聚丙烯的结晶形态及其与热历史的关系。结果表明,在磁场作用下,聚丙烯球晶尺寸变大,能观察到球晶内部的叶脉状晶体单元;随着熔融温度升高和熔融时间的延长,磁场作用的效果更加明显。磁场作用不利于β晶的生长,会使聚丙烯的结晶更加完善;在磁场作用下熔融、结晶的聚丙烯,结晶度无明显的改变,而于磁场外熔融的聚丙烯在磁场作用下等温结晶时,结晶度有明显的提高。     

磁控溅射状态三个参数理论分析

应用了宏观统计学的理论,以矩形平面磁控溅射靶为例,分析了在不同的磁场、电场和真空度的条件下,保持磁控溅射靶的工作状态,以及实现高质量磁控溅射薄膜的优化条件.通过分析表明,磁控溅射的磁场、电场与真空度存在着密切的关系,在磁控溅射中为了获得原子理想的沉积状态,必须对磁场、电场与真空度的参数进行合理的设定.三者参数的设定必须遵循其内在的关系和规律.     

基于声发射技术的陶瓷基复合材料声速特性

基于Christoffel方程,运用复合材料刚度矩阵与弹性常数间的关系,将正交各向异性模型运用于2D-C/SiC复合材料的声学特性中,得到材料声速的表达式。通过循环加卸载试验测量了2D-C/SiC复合材料整个拉伸过程中不同应力水平处的声速变化,研究了声速对2D-C/SiC复合材料的损伤表征。研究发现,随着应力水平的不断增加,声速逐渐下降,2D-C/SiC复合材料损伤程度对声波在材料中的传播速度有较大影响;引入卸载模量和再加载模量,代替声速理论计算切线模量,理论结果与试验结果吻合良好,误差随载荷增加而增大;声波速度随2D-C/SiC复合材料损伤而发生衰减的关系,根据此衰减关系建立了基于声速的损伤表征量。      

Low-temperature elastic properties of four wrought and annealed aluminium alloys

The elastic properties of four annealed polycrystalline commercial aluminium alloys were studied between 4 and 300 K using a pulse-superposition method. Results are given for longitudinal sound velocity, transverse sound velocity, Young's modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus (reciprocal compressibility), Poisson's ratio, and elastic Debye temperature. The elastic stiffnesses of the alloys increase 4 to 13% on cooling from room temperature to liquid helium temperature. The elastic constant-temperature curves exhibit regular behaviour.     

Calculated Sound Velocity and Elastic Moduli Changes in LaOFeP and LiFeAs at the Superconducting Transition

The changes in elastic modulus and sound velocity of LaOFeP and LiFeAs at their transition temperatures were calculated using various thermodynamic data. Step discontinuities of 59 ppm in the bulk modulus, 101 ppm in Young modulus and 15 ppm in longitudinal sound velocity were estimated for LaOFeP at the superconducting transition. For LiFeAs, the calculated step discontinuities were 25 ppm in the bulk modulus, 38 ppm in Young modulus and 7 ppm in longitudinal sound velocity.     

镍-钛合金弹性模量的测定

采用静态拉伸法和纳米压入法对具有伪弹性行为的镍-钛合金的弹性模量进行了研究.结果表明,镍-钛合金的弹性模量随其相组成的变化而变化,母相状态时的弹性模量为24.5 GPa,而马氏体相状态时的弹性模量为11.6 GPa.多次重复拉伸使其弹性模量降低并呈现非线性的变化趋势.纳米压入法测量镍-钛合金的弹性模量同拉伸法测量结果有较大的偏差,其原因同纳米压入法未考虑伪弹性变形行为有关.     

Elastic properties of two titanium alloys at low temperatures

Sound velocities and elastic constants were determined semi-continuously for two annealed polycrystalline titanium alloys between 4 and 300 K. Results are given for: longitudinal sound velocity, transverse sound velocity. Young's modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, Poisson's ratio, and elastic Debye temperature. A pulse-superposition technique was used.     

Elastic constants and high pressure structural transitions in yttrium pnictides

We present first-principles calculations on the structural, elastic and high pressure properties of yttrium pnictide compounds, using the pseudo-potential plane-waves approach based on density functional theory, within the generalized gradient approximation. Results are given for lattice constant, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative. The pressure transition at which these compounds undergo structural phase transition from NaCl-type (B1) to CsCl-type (B2) structure is calculated and compared with previous calculations and available experimental data. The elastic constants and their pressure dependence are calculated using the static finite strain technique. We derived the bulk and shear moduli, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the B1 phase for YN, YP, YAs and YSb compounds. We estimated the Debye temperature of these compounds from the average sound velocity. This is the first quantitative theoretical prediction of the elastic properties of YN, YP, YAs and YSb compounds, and it still awaits experimental confirmation.     

Elastic properties of Li<Subscript>2</Subscript>Zn<Subscript>2</Subscript>(MoO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>3</Subscript> single crystals

The complete elastic modulus matrix of Li₂Zn₂(MoO₄)₃ single crystals has been measured for the first time. The sound velocity has been measured in different directions of the crystals by a pulse-phase method. The measurement results have been used to calculate elastic moduli. The sound velocity has been calculated in the three main crystallographic planes of the crystals.     

Computation of phonon dynamics of Mg<Subscript>70</Subscript>Zn<Subscript>30</Subscript> metallic glass

In the present paper, the computation of the phonon dynamics of binary Mg₇₀Zn₃₀ metallic glass is reported using the well-recognized model potential of Gajjar et al. The present study includes the phonon dispersion curves (PDC), elastic and thermodynamic properties such as longitudinal sound velocity υ_L, transverse sound velocity υ_T, Debye temperature θ_D, isothermal bulk modulus B _T, modulus of rigidity G, Poisson’s ratio σ and Young’s modulus Y and specific heat capacity C _V of the glass. Three theoretical models given by Hubbard–Beeby (HB), Takeno–Goda (TG) and Bhatia–Singh (BS) are used to compute the PDC. Five local field correction functions proposed by Hartree (H), Taylor (T), Ichimaru–Utsumi (IU), Farid et al. (F) and Sarkar et al. (S) are employed for the first time to study the effect of exchange and correlation in the aforesaid properties. The pseudo-alloy-atom (PAA) model is applied for the first time instead of Vegard’s Law.     

低弹性模量钛合金的研究进展

钛合金作为一种具有良好生物相容性、抗腐蚀性和力学性能的生物医用金属材料已经得到了实际应用。发展新型低弹性模量钛合金是该领域的研究热点之一。从理论设计和实验研究2个方面对低弹性模量钛合金的研究和发展现状进行了评述。以d电子合金设计方法和第一原理计算为代表的理论方法已经成为低弹性模量Ti合金设计的有效手段。多元合金化设计和优化的热机械处理工艺对发展新型多功能、高性能生物医用Ti合金十分重要。     

Elastic and photoelastic properties of KY(WO4)2 single crystals

The complete elastic modulus matrix of a KY(WO₄)₂ single crystal has been determined for the first time using sound velocities measured in different directions of the crystal by a pulse-echo method. We have studied the entire isotropic part of the elasto-optic modulus matrix of KY(WO₄)₂ and identified high acousto-optic coupling efficiency directions. Calculated sound velocities in the three main crystallographic planes demonstrate that there are directions with considerable group velocity dispersion.