用于实时柔性触觉再现的平行菱形链连接模型

精度高且实时性好的柔性触觉变形模型是实现触觉再现系统的关键。提出了一种新的基于物理意义的平行菱形链连接触觉变形模型,系统中各个链结构单元相对位移的叠加对外等效为物体表面的变形,与之相连的弹簧弹性力的合力等效为物体表面的接触力。使用Delta 6-DOF手控器,建立了触觉再现实验系统,对柔性体的接触变形和实时虚拟触觉反馈进行仿真, 实验结果表明所提出的模型不仅计算简单,而且能够保证触觉接触力和形变计算具有较高精度,满足虚拟现实系统对精细作业和实时性的要求。     

实时触觉再现接口的设计与实现

提出了一种具有实时触觉反馈作用的人机接口装置的设计方法,以控制弹性梁的有效变形长度为核心,保证了触觉再现的实时性和准确性,从而可以在操作者指端大范围再现虚拟对象或远程对象的刚度.介绍了该人机触觉再现接口装置的机械设计、传感器系统、直流伺服控制系统以及数据采集系统的设计.该实时触觉再现接口具有尺寸小、刚度再现范围大等特点,可广泛应用于遥操作机器人和虚拟现实领域.     

手术仿真中基于导纳控制的力触觉形变模型

为了在虚拟手术仿真中获得快速、准确的力触觉形变效果,提出一种基于导纳控制的力触觉形变模型.基于该模型,采用PHANTOM OMNI力触觉交互设备,以3DS MAX 2013,Microsoft Visual C++2012,Open GL函数库为基础搭建了实时柔性体力触觉再现系统,实现了虚拟双手对心脏双点的拉拽交互操作.感知实验和交互效率的结果表明,所提出的模型简单有效,形变效果逼真、视觉反馈流畅、力触觉反馈平稳,操作者对虚拟环境的感知和交互准确可靠,能够满足虚拟手术仿真系统的要求.     

基于RTX的卫星姿轨控系统地面实时仿真系统

介绍了RTX的实时功能原理和RT—TCPIP的实时通讯机制,并且比较了Windows操作系统和基于RTX实时扩展操作系统在实时精度方面和实时通讯方面的性能。卫星姿轨控系统地面仿真试验系统在卫星研制过程中起着举足轻重的作用。针对该系统的实时性要求,讨论了基于RTX的实时仿真系统的软件设计和实现方法,并给出了仿真实验结果。实验结果证明,该系统实时性高,工作稳定可靠,满足实际实验要求。该文对实时性要求高的仿真系统具有一定的参考价值和指导意义,     

基于磁流变液的力/触觉再现系统研究进展

力/触觉再现技术是当前新兴的研究领域.介绍了最近10年来基于磁流变液的力/触觉再现系统的国内外研究进展情况.总结了基于磁流变液的力/触觉再现技术的研究内容,包括执行装置的结构设计、模型研究以及再现系统控制研究,讨论了基于磁流变液的力/触觉再现系统开发过程中的关键技术.如提高便携式触觉接口中执行装置的力矩/重量比.减小静态力、克服被动系统力/触觉表达局限性,指出了今后发展的趋势.阐述了基于磁流变液的力/触觉再现系统的优势,并展望了其应用前景.     

基于RT-TCP/IP的虚拟试验通信平台研究

网络是虚拟试验系统环境的重要组成部分.以某军工虚拟试验系统为背景,基于RT-TCP/IP和虚拟共享内存机制实现了虚拟试验通信平台.分析了RTX实时操作子系统和RT-TCP/IP的实时性能,论证了使用RT-TCP/IP协议构建虚拟试验局域网的可行性;设计并实现了实时以太网虚拟共享内存中间件(RTEVSM).在RTX环境下对RTEVSM中间件的数据传输延迟、抖动性等性能指标进行了测试,与在Windows-NT环境下性能指标进行对比,验证了系统在RTX环境下具有较强的实时性和传输可靠性.应用结果表明,本方案对实时性要求高的分布虚拟试验系统搭建具有一定的实用价值.     

Real-Time Workshop实时仿真研究与应用

MATLAB通过组件Simulink提供了一个动态系统建模、仿真和综合分析的集成环境,可以在控制领域中建模并运行仿真,却缺少实时仿真支持.MATLAB工具Real-Time Workshop可以从图形模型生成ANSI C源代码,下载此代码在实时操作系统中运行可以实现实时仿真,但是目前市场上的实时操作系统在开发工具、用户界面等方面存在诸多不足.RTX扩展Windows在提供实时性的同时又可以利用Windows丰富系统资源.利用Real-Time Workshop产生C代码,把要求实时性的代码分离出来放在RTX实时子环境下运行,可以实现实时仿真.实验验证了此方法有较好的实时性.     

一种虚拟环境温度触觉再现仿真系统设计

分析了温度触觉感知特性,提出了手指和物体接触时各自表面的温度变化过程,结合单热源温度触觉再现装置设计了一种基于三维力反馈手控器的虚拟环境温度触觉再现仿真系统。手控器可控制虚拟手的动作,对虚拟物体进行温度和力的感知。仿真系统中能再现手指与不同热属性物体接触时的温度变化和力变化,且视觉效果逼真,体现了温度触觉再现的实时性和有效性。     

基于音波技术的时空双通道机器人触觉再现系统研究

介绍了一种基于音波播放的时空双通道机器人触觉再现系统.系统采用音波播放技术提供触觉再现所需要的电流刺激信号和空间触点选通信号.时间通道的电流刺激控制信号和空间通道的触点选通信息均由音波处理软件根据系统需要预先设计生成.计算机声卡输出的双声道音波信号分别对应于时空两个通道的控制信息.上述信号进一步处理后将提供触觉再现刺激电流并选通相应触点.该触觉再现系统能够为操作者提供温和舒服的触觉感受.     

RTX 平台下实时全软件数控雕刻系统

计算机仿真设计与制造需要极高的实时性和可控性,由于Windows操作系统本身实时性的缺陷,给计算机仿真应用带来了一些不确定因素.经过充分论证,引入了IntervalZero公司的基于Windows的实时仿真解决方案RTX,并结合某型号数控雕刻机的设计要求,总结出了Windows环境下RTX实时仿真应用系统的设计方法及RTX环境下全软件数控雕刻系统主要功能模块程序编写,并将这种设计方法成功应用于某数控雕刻系统中.实际雕刻实例表明RTX平台下全软件程序能够满足数控雕刻系统对实时性要求.     

虚拟装配中基于导纳控制的力觉渲染技术

传统的力触觉渲染多采用阻抗控制,不能很好地满足虚拟装配的应用要求,相比之下导纳控制模式更适用这一领域.为此提出一种基于导纳控制的双线程力觉渲染构架,并给出相应的力觉渲染算法.首先建立用于导纳控制的动力学模型,并讨论了碰撞和约束这2个状态下的力觉渲染;为了使用力觉交互接口进行虚拟装配中的小间隙装配,提出物理约束与几何约束结合的力觉渲染方法;最后针对物理计算和力反馈循环2个线程刷新频率不匹配的问题,利用二次拉格朗日多项式进行数值插值,实现了力觉交互接口的平稳输出.通过力反馈设备与自主开发的虚拟装配原型系统VAPP的连接与应用,验证了所提出的算法满足虚拟装配系统中力觉交互的应用要求.     

Building a virtual environment for endoscopic sinus surgery simulation

Advanced display technologies have made the virtual exploration of relatively complex models feasible in many applications. Unfortunately, only a few human interfaces allow natural interaction with the environment. Moreover, in surgical applications, such realistic interaction requires real-time rendering of volumetric data—placing an overwhelming performance burden on the system. We report on our advances towards developing a virtual reality system that provides intuitive interaction with complex volume data by employing real-time realistic volume rendering and convincing forece feedback (haptic) sensations. We describe our methods for real-time volume rendering, model deformation, interaction, and the haptic devices, and demonstrate the utilization of this system in the real-world application of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) simulation.     

基于RTX的实时网络应用研究

提出了RTX改造后的Windows环境下实时网络通信编程的基本原理和解决方案,实现了基于Windows平台的实时通信,并通过对RTX网络通信的传输速率、可靠性等性能指标测试,与等同条件下Windows性能指标进行比较,验证了RTX具有较强的实时性,从而为RTX在实时环境下的应用提供依据.     

基于总线技术的实时通信方法研究与应用

针对武器装备ARINC429总线实时性要求高的问题,本文提出一种基于RTX实时操作系统的ARINC429总线实时通信方法并进行了应用。本文方法在PXI总线AMC5206B的基础上,搭建了软硬件环境,设计了Windows应用程序和RTX应用程序,通过共享内存进行数据传递,实现了RTSS进程在测试主流程的嵌入。设计了板卡在RTX系统下的驱动程序,实现了中断触发数据读取,提高了程序效率。最后,通过Windows应用程序实验验证了本文方法的功能,并具有实时性强,通用性好等优点。     

Stroke-based modeling and haptic skill display for Chinese calligraphy simulation system

The goal of this paper is to study haptic skill representation and display in a Chinese calligraphy training system. The challenge is to model haptic skill during the writing of different strokes in Chinese characters and to achieve haptic rendering with high fidelity and stability. The planning of the writing process is organized at three levels: task, representation and device level to describe the haptic handwriting skill. State transition graph (STG) is proposed to describe switches between tasks during the handwriting. Chinese characters are modeled using 39 typical strokes, which are further grouped into basic and compound strokes. The compound stroke is considered to be sequential combination of the basic strokes. Straight and curve strokes are modeled using line segment and the Bezier curve, respectively. Information from STG is used for real-time collision detection and haptic rendering. Ambiguity of the collision detection at stroke-corner points is prevented using active stroke combined with local nearest point computation. A modified virtual fixture method is developed for haptic rendering. The approach is tested on a prototype training system using Phantom desktop. Initial experiments suggest that the proposed modeling and rendering method is effective.     

From measured physical parameters to the haptic feeling of fabric

Abstract real-time cloth simulation involves the solution of many computational challenges, particularly in the context of haptic applications, where high frame rates are necessary for obtaining a satisfactory tactile experience. In this paper, we present a real-time cloth simulation system that offers a compromise between a realistic physically-based simulation of fabrics and a haptic application with high requirements in terms of computation speed. We place emphasis on architecture and algorithmic choices for obtaining the best compromise in the context of haptic applications. A first implementation using a haptic device demonstrates the features of the proposed system and leads to the development of new approaches for haptic rendering using the proposed approach.     

Real-time area-based haptic rendering and the augmented tactile display device for a palpation simulator

Although people usually contact a surface with some area rather than a point, most haptic devices allow a user to interact with a virtual object at one point at a time and likewise most haptic rendering algorithms deal with such situations only. In a palpation procedure, medical doctors push and rub the organ's surface, and are provided the sensation of distributed pressure and contact force (reflecting force) for discerning doubtable areas of the organ. In this paper, we suggest real-time area-based haptic rendering to describe distributed pressure and contact force simultaneously, and present a haptic interface system to generate surface properties in accordance with the haptic rendering algorithm. We represent the haptic model using the shape-retaining chain link (S-chain) framework for a fast and stable computation of the contact force and distributed pressure from a volumetric virtual object. In addition, we developed a compact pin-array-type tactile display unit and attached it to the PHANToM^TM haptic device to complement each other. For the evaluation, experiments were conducted with non-homogenous volumetric cubic objects consisting of approximately 500 000 volume elements. The experimental results show that compared to the point contact, the area contact provides the user with more precise perception of the shape and softness of the object's composition, and that our proposed system satisfies the real-time and realism constraints to be useful for a virtual reality application.     

基于RTX的工程飞行模拟器数据采集与存储系统设计

在一些仿真应用中,由于Windows操作系统较差的实时性,从而给许多半物理仿真试验带来了一些不确定的因素.在充分论证的基础上,引入了Ardence公司的基于Windows的硬实时解决方案RTX（Real-Time eXtension）,并结合某型号飞行器仿真课题总结出了Windows环境下RTX实时应用系统的设计方法与开发流程以及RTX下硬件板卡驱动程序的编写,最后将这种设计方法成功应用在某型号飞行器飞行仿真系统中.实验证明该仿真系统是可靠的、稳定的,整个实验过程中飞行器的飞行数据没有丢失,仿真周期确定,结果正确,RTX仿真程序能够满足系统对实时性和确定性的要求.     

基于RTX和LabVIEW的多任务实时测控系统

介绍了一种基于RTX和LabVIEW的多任务实时测控系统，该系统利用RTX来增强Windows的实时性，实时任务部分运行于实时子系统RTSS下，非实时部分则运行于Win32子系统下。实时部分和非实时任务之间的通信通过共享内存的方式实现。利用LabVIEW开发了人机交换界面。最后通过运行证明，系统满足了实时性和稳定性的要求，验证了方案的可行性。     

Six degree-of-freedom haptic rendering using spatialized normal cone search

This paper describes a haptic rendering algorithm for arbitrary polygonal models using a six degree-of-freedom haptic interface. The algorithm supports activities such as virtual prototyping of complex polygonal models and adding haptic interaction to virtual environments. The underlying collision system computes local extrema in distance between the model controlled by the haptic device and the rest of the scene. The haptic rendering computes forces and torques on the moving model based on these local extrema. The system is demonstrated on models with tens of thousands of triangles and developed in an accessibility application for finding collision-free paths.