180°导通方式无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动研究

无刷直流电机(BLDCM)换相转矩脉动一直是业界关注的问题,但仅限于120°导通模式。文章研究了180°导通模式无刷直流电机在换相期间的转矩脉动变化,并与120°导通方式转矩脉动进行了比较。理论分析和仿真结果表明:电机在低速区域,120°导通模式比180°导通模式转矩脉动变化小,而在高速区域,180°导通模式比120°导通模式转矩脉动变化小。研究结果为无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动抑制提供了一种新的控制策略。     

Novel Flux-Weakening Control of an IPMSM for Quasi-Six-Step Operation

This paper proposes a novel flux-weakening control algorithm of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor for “quasi” six-step operation. The proposed method is composed of feedforward and feedback paths. The feedforward path consists of 1-D lookup table, and the feedback is based on the difference between the reference voltage updated by current regulator and the output voltage limited by the overmodulation. Using this method, the flux-weakening and the antiwindup controls can be achieved simultaneously. In addition, the quasi-six-step operation can be obtained. That is, the available maximum output torque in the flux-weakening region is close to that in the six-step operation while the ability of the current control is maintained. The effectiveness of this method is proved by the experimental results.      

基于Buck变换器的无刷直流电机转矩控制仿真

无刷直流电动机（BLDCM）存在转矩脉动的突出缺点，提出了一种基于直流环节电压控制和模糊PID控制器的新型混合控制策略，以抑制无刷直流电机的转矩脉。电路拓扑包含功率因数校正降压转换器和逆变器。降压转换器通过控制直流电路电压来降低换向转矩脉动，使用模糊PID控制器和脉冲宽度调制（PWM）技术的逆变器在导通区域提供适当的电流。 Buck变换器降低了通过控制直流环节电压换向转矩脉动，逆变器使用模糊PID和PWM技术提供导通区域的电流。该方法能够消除传导区转矩脉动,削弱换相区转矩脉动，仿真结果表明，该策略具有功率因数校正功能，可有效抑制转矩脉动，提升电机运行的鲁棒性。     

有效平滑无刷直流电机转矩的新方法

在无刷直流电机(Brushless DC Motor,简称BLDCM)数学模型的基础上,分析了传统PWM调制方式对BLDCM非导通相引起续流电流的原因,以及该续流电流导致非换相期间的电磁转矩脉动的现象.通过原理分析及数学推导,提出在三相逆变桥输入端加上前级直流变换器,以控制电机的新策略.该方法在理论上消除了BLDCM在非换相区内的转矩脉动,并且利用试验证明了该方法的有效性.     

Flux-Weakening Regime Operation of an Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive

The interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor is compatible with extended-speed-range constant-power operation by means of flux-weakening control. Flux weakening uses stator current components to counter the fixed-amplitude magnetic airgap flux generated by the rotor magnets, performing a role similar to field weakening in a separately excited dc motor. The nature of current regulator saturation caused by the finite inverter dc source voltage is described, marked by premature torque and power degradation at high speeds in the absence of flux-weakening control. This is followed by presentation of a new flux-weakening control algorithm developed as a modification of an established feedforward IPM torque control algorithm described previously in the literature. Attractive features of this new algorithm include smooth drive transitions into and out of the flux-weakening mode, fast response, as well as automatic adjustment to changes in the dc source voltage. Simulation and empirical test results from a 3-hp laboratory IPM motor drive are used to confirm the constant-power operating envelope achieved using the new flux-weakening control algorithm.     

新型的内嵌式永磁同步电机弱磁转速控制

在基本转矩前馈控制系统的基础上,提出了一种新型的永磁同步电机的弱磁控制算法。由于电流调节器的饱和使得定子电流进入弱磁控制,因此在这种新的弱磁控制算法的基础上,设计出一种新的定子电流误差观测器用以辨识电流调节器的饱和情况。另外,在弱磁区利用转速观测器观测定子电流变化,利用差值控制器以达到使定子电流矢量由常规的弱磁控制轨迹转向最大输出的电压极限轨迹（VLMO）的目的。仿真结果表明：相应产生的VLMO控制模式能够优化弱磁控制策略,控制算法能有效实现弱磁控制下的转速调节。     

A direct torque-controlled interior permanent magnet synchronousmotor drive incorporating field weakening

This paper presents a new control scheme for wide speed range operation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drives, where both torque and stator flux linkage are directly controlled. The proposed scheme possesses some attractive features when compared to the conventional current-controlled drives. Current controllers followed by pulsewidth modulation or hysteresis comparators and coordinate transformation are not used. This eliminates the delays through these networks and offers the possibility of dispensing with the rotor position sensor for the electronic commutator, if the initial rotor position is known only approximately. The scheme incorporates all the usual control regimes, such as the maximum torque per ampere operation in constant torque region, the flux-weakening region, and operates the drive within the voltage and current limits of the motor/inverter. The control scheme has been verified by simulation and experimental tests with a prototype interior magnet motor. This paper describes the scheme in detail, followed by results of its implementation     

基于直接电流控制的BLDCM换相转矩脉动抑制

无刷直流电机传统的脉宽调压控制方式存在较大的换相转矩抖动,限制了它在高精度伺服控制系统中的应用。该文详细分析了无刷直流电机非换相电流与输出转矩与之间的关系,并以该电流为控制对象,研究了一种直接电流控制方式,结合两相导通控制模式,实现对电流的直接控制,进而控制转矩抖动。利用MATLAB软件将该控制方法与脉宽调压控制方法作对比仿真分析,仿真及实验结果证明,该控制方法能有效解决相电流及转矩波动较大的问题,并具有更好的负载响应速度和稳态性能。     

无刷直流电机的直接转矩控制研究

直接转矩控制在正弦波交流电机方面的研究已趋于成熟,在反电势梯形波的电机研究方面相对较少.通过分析无刷直流电机直接转矩控制的基本原理,合理地选择空间电压矢量,将直接转矩控制技术应用于无刷直流电机的控制.运用Matlab/Simulink对其进行仿真,结果表明,永磁无刷直流电机转速响应迅速,转矩脉动非常小,取得了良好的控制...     

Wide-speed operation of interior permanent magnet synchronousmotors with high-performance current regulator

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors can be applied to applications requiring wide-speed operation. The current vector control algorithm of an interior permanent magnet synchronous (IPM) motor for constant power operation over the base speed is proposed. As the available voltage controlling the armature current vector is small in the flux-weakening constant power region, the current vector sometimes becomes uncontrollable in transient operations because of the current regulator saturation. The high-performance current regulator is also proposed to improve the current responses in the flux-weakening region, which includes the decoupling current controller and the voltage command compensator. The control performances are confirmed by several drive tests with respect to the prototype IPM motor     

永磁同步风力发电系统输出功率最佳控制

讨论了内嵌式永磁同步变速风力发电系统输出功率最大的控制方法.为了从风中获得的功率最大,对IPMSG采用最大功率点跟踪(MPTT)控制,根据发电机速度来控制发电机的转矩.同时控制IPMSG电流矢量以降低发电机损耗,使输出功率最大.电压极限时使用弱磁控制.在高速区域,变换器控制从正弦PWM控制转换到六脉冲方波运行以增加输出功率.试验结果证明了该控制方法的效果.     

用于弱磁扩速运行的三相6/5极永磁开关磁链电机的分析与优化设计

介绍了三相6/5极永磁开关磁链电机的结构特点和运行原理,并在弱磁扩速原理的基础上说明了直轴电感在电机弱磁扩速中的作用,通过有限元分析研究了不同转子齿高、齿宽对电机直轴电感和弱磁能力等性能的影响。结果表明,该电机的磁链和反电势波形接近正弦,适用于永磁无刷交流电动机的控制方式;电机可通过定转子齿宽搭配来设计相对较大的直轴电感。在上述分析的基础上,对一台电机进行了优化设计,制作了样机,并进行了实验验证。     

混合励磁同步电机新型矢量控制算法研究

在速度分区控制的基础上提出一种混合励磁电机矢量控制算法,该方法综合考虑了负载转矩、励磁电流及母线电压对弱磁基速的影响,在线动态计算弱磁基速。在弱磁区,保持气隙合成反电势恒定,利用励磁电流和d轴电流共同弱磁升速。采用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件建立混合励磁同步电机控制系统,对所提算法进行验证。仿真结果表明该算法可实现混合励磁电机低速大转矩和高速宽调速范围运行。     

超空间矢量下无刷直流电机的直接转矩控制

直接转矩控制在无刷直流电机上应用的现有方案存在2点不足，造成系统复杂：给定磁链是转子位置的函数和定子磁链计算受关断相电压变化的影响。其根本原因在于关断相的存在。为解决此问题，提出无刷直流电机的超空间矢量理论，指出关断相只影响磁链，不影响转矩。将关断相电压放置到与abc平面垂直的z轴，令电压矢量与定子磁链在三维空间中运动。定子磁链在abc平面上的投影轨迹是六边形，由导通两相的电压积分得到。由于关断相电压在abc平面上的投影为零，在系统实现时就不用考虑。实现策略为直接自控制，不需要转子位置信号。该理论对关断相的处理极大简化了系统，仿真与实验结果证明了其正确性。     

Novel Antiwindup of a Current Regulator of a Surface-Mounted Permanent-Magnet Motor for Flux-Weakening Control

This paper proposes a novel antiwindup method of current regulator for the drive system of a surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor at flux-weakening region. It is designed in conjunction with the synchronous-frame proportional and integral current regulator and the space vector pulse width modulation. The difference between the regulator output voltage and the saturated voltage on the$q$-axis of the regulator is used for flux-weakening control, which modifies the$d$-axis current reference. With this method, the antiwindup and the flux-weakening control can be achieved simultaneously. Since the proposed method utilizes the dc-link voltage more efficiently, it makes the motor generate higher output torque than the conventional antiwindup and/or flux-weakening control methods under the same voltage and current limitation. The effectiveness of this method is confirmed by computer simulations and experiments.     

Permanent magnet brushless drives

The purpose of this paper is to present an optimal efficiency control scheme for constant power operation of phase decoupling (PD) PM brushless DC motor drives. The key is to adaptively adjust the advanced conduction angle to minimize the system losses for a given operation point in the constant power region. The strategy for constant power operation of PD PM brushless DC motor drives is exemplified using a 5-phase 22-pole PD PM brushless DC motor. In the sections that follow, the newly-developed optimal efficiency control technique is then illustrated. Then, after describing the corresponding implementation, both computer simulation and experimental results are presented, and some conclusions are offered     

一种新的内置式永磁同步电机弱磁控制方法

为使基速下采用最大转矩电流比控制方式的内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)平稳而快速地切换到基速以上的弱磁控制方式,设计了一种以电流超前角为控制对象弱磁控制策略.根据相电压参考值与实际值的差,运用抗饱和积分器快速调制得到一个比例系数并将其作用到定子电流矢量的超前角上,使定子电流矢量向d轴方向偏转达到弱磁效果.实验结果验证了...     

五相永磁容错型游标电机弱磁特性研究

永磁容错型游标(FTPMV)电机结合了永磁游标电机高转矩密度和永磁容错电机高可靠性的优点,因此成为专家学者研究的热点之一。为了研究此类电机在低速区和高速区的运行性能,对比分析了两种五相电机的结构特性、磁场调制机理和电感特性,并推导了五相电机弱磁情况下的数学模型。其次,基于电压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)控制方法,建立电机驱动系统。在低速区,采用直轴电流为零的控制策略;在高速区,采用一种基于母线电压和反电动势差值判断弱磁时刻的方法重点研究了电机的弱磁特性。参数计算和仿真结果表明,电机工作在额定电流的情况下,相比传统FTPMV电机,新型FTPMV电机有更好的弱磁能力。最后,通过样机的实验数据验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于模糊控制的无刷双馈电机直接转矩控制

研究了无刷双馈电机(BDFM)直接转矩的控制(DTC)策略,在传统直接转矩控制方法的基础上,利用离散空间电压矢量调制(DSVM)技术,给出了基于改进模糊控制策略的无刷双馈电机的直接转矩控制方法,系统仿真结果表明该控制系统低速特性和传统控制策略相比有很大提高,控制准确,能够满足电机从亚同步状态到超同步状态的运行需求。     

基于级联式拓扑的消除无刷直流电机传导区转矩脉动方法

在无刷直流电机的数学模型基础上,详细分析了传统的H_PWM-L_ON调制方式对BLDCM的非导通相引起续流电流的原因,以及由此续流电流导致非换相期间(传导区)的电磁转矩脉动的现象.通过原理分析及数学推导,提出在三相逆变桥入端加上前级直流变换器,利用单一直流母线电流的反馈闭环来控制电机的新策略.该方法在理论上彻底地消除了BLDCM在传导区内的转矩脉动,并且利用试验证明了此方法的有效性和可行性,说明比较适合用高精度要求下的无刷直流电机控制系统.