舰船航向保持的变结构控制及仿真

运用变结构控制理论和计算机仿真技术研究舰船航向保持过程的变结构控制问题．针对舰船定向航行要求航向准、舵角小的控制特点，采用二次型最优控制方法设计滑动模态超平面，设计了满足滑模超平面到达条件的指数趋近律，导出了对应的控制律．同时，为进行比较研究，设计了PID控制器并整定了相关参数．理论分析与仿真研究表明：对于舰船定向航行，变结构控制方案正确可行，控制效果优于PID控制方案．     

结构滑模控制的一种指数趋近律方法

提出了一种指数趋近律 ,当正常运动段远离切换面时 ,能快速地趋向切换面 ;当运动接近切换面时 ,趋近速度又大大降低。这样与常用指数趋近律相比 ,过渡时间、系统的抖动以及所需控制力都能进一步减小。最后将这一理论应用到三层剪切型框架进行数值模拟 ,振动控制效果明显。     

滑模变结构在收卷张力控制系统中的应用与仿真

为精确研究卷筒纸印刷机的收卷张力特性及控制策略,通过对无轴传动多机组印刷机实验平台收卷运动的分析,建立了一个较精确的收卷张力动力学模型。利用MATLAB构造了一个以交流永磁同步电机为执行机构的张力控制仿真系统,根据其非线性,设计了滑模变结构控制器,并与传统的PID控制进行了实验比较,结果表明滑模控制改进了张力控制系统的动静态特性。仿真模型综合考虑了多个张力扰动因素,更加接近实际印刷机系统,为将先进的控制理论引入印刷机收卷张力系统,搭建了一个更精确、便捷的仿真平台。     

气动位置伺服系统滑模变结构控制

针对气动位置伺服系统的控制特点和性能要求,将滑模变结构控制方法应用到气动位置伺服系统中。以某气动伺服系统为研究对象,设计了一种滑模变结构控制器,并进行了大量的仿真研究。结果表明这种方法不但具有较强的鲁棒性,跟踪效果良好,而且用饱和度函数代替符号函数以减小抖振。     

电液伺服系统的微分与积分滑模变结构控制

针对电液系统的非线性特性及其参数不确定性,在电液伺服系统的速度跟踪控制中,提出了一种非线性微分与积分滑模变结构控制(DI-SVSC)策略。在滑模控制中引入积分控制项,消除了传统滑模变结构控制需要被跟踪信号导数已知的假设,利用一非线性微分控制消除了系统的抖振现象。在积分滑模控制与非线性微分控制中,分别给出了切换函数、非线性微分系数及控制器的设计方法。仿真结果显示,该控制方法具有较强的鲁棒性及良好的跟踪性能。     

船舶推进轴系变结构控制

以船舶主推进轴系为研究对象,在变结构控制理论和设计方法的基础上,对主推进轴系的变结构控制方法进行研究。考虑到推进轴系在螺旋桨处的位移响应最大,在螺旋桨部位设置主动控制作动器,对推进轴系进行振动控制,并以主推进系统的弹性体动力学模型为基础,建立系统的变结构控制方法。采用单位向量控制形式的最终滑动模态控制器,并采用二次型最优控制理论设计最终滑动模态的切换函数。最后以一个带有六个弹性支撑的推进轴为例进行仿真计算。实例分析指出:变结构控制对于推进轴系的振动控制具有显著的效果。     

基于卡尔曼滤波滑模控制的伺服系统设计仿真

应用变结构控制策略时,由于系统存在时间滞后、空间滞后、死区等不利条件,会导致系统运行到相平面中滑动面时出现不期望的抖振现象.本文分析了抖振对系统性能的影响及产生原因,针对伺服控制系统存在随机干扰和随机噪声的特性,提出一种基于卡尔曼滤波的指数趋近律滑模变结构控制算法,很好地抑制了抖振.仿真算例表明,与普通滑模控制算法相比,基于该算法的控制器无论在抖振抑制上还是在伺服系统动态品质改善上都具有良好效果.     

高精度光电伺服稳定平台积分滑模变结构控制

针对高精度光电伺服稳定平台的低速问题分析中,由于摩擦力矩等非线性干扰的存在,容易产生滞滑爬行现象,严重影响平台的低速性能.本文采用积分滑模变结构控制,提出并设计了新型的趋近律规则.系统实际运行结果证明,本文所设计的控制器能很好地解决较大范围运动时的系统稳定问题,并能消除非线性摩擦所引起的低速"爬行"现象,改善系统的动态品质和静态特性.     

结构风振控制计算机仿真及算法比较

本文概述了结构风振控制计算机仿真的意义，阐述了仿真程序设计流程，并讨论了各种控制算法及其仿真结果。     

多结构联系体系的主动变刚度控制

本文提出了一种适用于多结构联系体系的主动变刚度控制装置，基于瞬时最优控制算法导出多结构主动变刚度控制体系的开关控制律，并通过计算机仿真分析研究了两结构联系动力参数以及主动变刚度控制装置的参数对两结构主动变刚度控制体系控制效果的影响。     

动调频液柱阻尼器基于遗传算法的LQR控制优化设计

ATLCD由调频液柱阻尼器(Tuned Liquid Column Damper,TLCD)发展而来,在TLCD液柱端部连接气压控制箱,通过引入控制气压对结构实施主动控制。采用被动TLCD优化设计方法设计阻尼比及频率比,采用LQR算法确定ATLCD系统的主动控制力,并对LQR算法中权矩阵采用遗传算法进行优化。以一五层钢框架结构为例,顶层装ATLCD用LQR算法进行主动控制,加载El-Centro地震波进行时程响应分析,比较无控结构及被、主动控制结构的时程响应结果表明,采用ATLCD的减振效果明显优于采用被动装置。     

Generic simulation model of multi-evaporator variable refrigerant flow air conditioning system for control analysis

Generic simulation models noted as AGM-I and AGM-II for performance and control analysis of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems were developed. Firstly, simulation models from component to whole VRF system were addressed. Then the simulation models were validated using experimental data reported in an open literature. The average error percentages to predict system cooling capacity, energy consumption and COP are 4.69%, 4.64%, 1.19%, respectively. Finally, tests were carried out. Results show that the developed models are fast computing and evaporator-number independent. From the computation speed point of view, the AGM-I is more suitable for multi-evaporator VRF system, while the AGM-II is more suitable for the one evaporator VRF system. Test results also show the system models good ability responding to varying conditions, including inlet air temperature of the evaporator, outdoor air temperature, opening of the EEVs and compressor speed, which are all very important variables for the control analysis.     

Optimal control with responses and control force constraints

Abstract

In order to assure safety and serviceability, structural responses are kept within certain limits by active control methods. Control forces as well as responses (displacement and velocity) are considered constraints in an optimal control system. The exact solution of the optimal control system under the aforementioned constraints is derived in the first part of the paper. An approximate solution is also suggested in the paper. An example dealing with a six‐story building is presented in the last part of the paper to demonstrate the application of the approximate approach.     

Genetic algorithm based optimal design for vibration control of composite shell structures using piezoelectric sensors and actuators

The present article deals with the design of optimal vibration control of smart fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite shell structures using genetic algorithm (GA) based linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and layered shell coupled electro-mechanical finite element analysis. Open loop procedure has been used for optimal placement of actuators considering the control spillover of the higher modes to prevent closed loop instability. An improved real coded GA based LQR control scheme has been developed for designing an optimal controller in order to maximize the closed loop damping ratio while keeping actuators voltages within limit. Results show that increased closed loop-damping has been achieved with a large reduction of control effort considering control spillover.     

模糊算法在库存控制中的应用

文章以某照明器材厂为实例，分析和讨论使用模糊控制技术在库存控制中的应用，通过模糊逻辑推理的方法，对该公司生产的整流器产品需求量进行预测，从而达到根据需求进行采购，实现最优的采购策略，达到降低库存费用的目的。在使用模糊逻辑进行推理预测的过程中，对于采用不同隶属函数进行推理的结果进行比较，从而确定了与实际较吻合的方案。     

基于改进量子遗传算法的有源噪声控制方法

提出了一种基于改进量子遗传算法的格型IIR滤波器结构的有源噪声控制方法——改进的量子遗传算法（IQGA）。其核心是在对量子门更新过程进行改进的基础上，引入群体灾变和自适应搜索网格的策略。IQGA不仅收敛速度快，还可以改变基本遗传算法（GA）的局部搜索能力，克服基本遗传算法存在的未成熟收敛问题。仿真结果表明，该算法可以有效地实现噪声控制。     

参数自整定PID温控系统的控制算法与仿真研究

常规PID温控系统的PID参数采用人工凑试的整定方法十分烦琐费时。提出了一种用于某热成像设备分子筛激活机中恒温炉温控系统的PID参数自整定控制算法,它基于PID参数的优化规律利用步进搜索的方法实现对PID参数的自动整定。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性与实用价值。     

改进的Bang-Bang控制算法的理论与试验研究

将电压的切换时间作为可调参数,提出了基于位移反馈的改进的Bang-Bang控制算法。建立了磁流变阻尼器对拉索减振的半主动控制的有限元模型以及基于dSPACE、MATLAB/Simulink和磁流变阻尼器等工具的半主动控制试验平台,从有限元数值仿真和试验实测两方面分析了改进的Bang-Bang控制算法和最优被动控制对拉索减振效果的影响。理论计算和试验实测结果都表明改进的Bang-Bang控制对拉索的减振效果优于最优被动控制,同样优于经典的Bang-Bang控制算法;半主动控制时阻尼器输入电压的切换时间对拉索系统的减振效果至关重要。     

Optimal reservoir flood operation using a decomposition-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm

Reservoir flood control operation (RFCO) is a challenging optimization problem with interdependent decision variables and multiple conflicting criteria. By considering safety both upstream and downstream of the dam, a multi-objective optimization model is built for RFCO. To solve this problem, a multi-objective optimizer, the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition–differential evolution (MOEA/D-DE), is developed by introducing a differential evolution-inspired recombination into the algorithmic framework of the decomposition-based multi-objective optimization algorithm, which has been proven to be effective for solving complex multi-objective optimization problems. Experimental results on four typical floods at the Ankang reservoir illustrated that the suggested algorithm outperforms or performs as well as the comparison algorithms. It can significantly reduce the flood peak and also guarantee the dam’s safety.     

An Enhanced Transcribing Scheme for the Numerical Solution of a Class of Optimal Control Problems

An enhanced scheme of transcribing the system dynamics for the numerical solution of optimal control problems is proposed. This new scheme is based on the standard method of direct collocation that converts an optimal control problem into a nonlinear programming problem via simultaneous state and control discretization. When compared with the standard method, the enhanced scheme has the advantage of higher solution accuracy with minimal additional computational effort. It is particularly suited for systems with states that are related to each other in a special form. For such systems, the ensuing nonlinear programming problem has the same number of constraints as those using the standard method. Numerical results on several optimal control problems using the enhanced scheme are presented, together with comparisons with the results obtained from the standard scheme.