超重力法回收火炸药厂的混合溶剂

为回收三元混合溶剂（丙酮、乙酸乙酯、水）对HMX转晶时挥发的部分溶剂（丙酮和乙酸乙酯）,采用高效传质的旋转填料床对其进行了回收利用。考察了转速、液体流量和循环时间对吸收效果的影响。结果表明,转速和液体流量对混合溶剂的吸收有明显影响,实验的最佳操作参数为转速1000r/min,液体流量2m^3/h,液体循环时间12h。旋转填料床对混合溶剂的吸收具有良好的环保和经济价值。     

混合溶剂法回收顺酐

研究了有机溶剂回收顺酐的行为和性质,筛选了物理性能好,饱和溶解度大,吸收性能好的混合溶剂为吸收剂,进行了模拟工业连续吸收试验,确定了吸收和解吸的操作条件。顺酐的吸收率达99.7％以上,产品符合国家一级品标准。     

溶剂萃取法回收TNT的安全性研究

为了更好地利用回收的废弃火炸药,以甲苯作为溶剂,利用溶剂萃取法从B炸药中回收TNT组分;采用液相色谱法测定回收TNT的纯度;采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和5 s爆发点实验对回收的TNT和对比样品进行了热安定性分析;测定了回收TNT的撞击感度和摩擦感度。结果表明,液相色谱法测得回收TNT纯度为94.19%,对比样品TNT纯度为96.66%;不同升温速率下,回收TNT熔化峰温较对比样品降低了0.9~1.4℃,分解峰温降低了5℃左右,活化能降低3.51 kJ/mol,表明回收TNT的热安定性有所降低;回收TNT的5 s延滞期爆发点为422.7℃,较纯TNT文献值低约53℃,比对比样品TNT高28.5℃;5 s爆发点变化与其所含杂质种类有关,回收TNT中的杂质对热感度的影响较小;回收TNT的撞击感度为8%,摩擦感度为4%,与对比样品相比均下降,表明回收TNT的安全性较好,能满足再利用的要求。     

超重力精馏回收果胶沉淀溶剂的应用

同时应用超重力精馏连续与间歇操作分离回收果胶沉淀溶剂中的乙醇,并以不锈钢波纹丝网为填料,在原料乙醇质量分数x_f=55%、回流比R=4、超重力因子β=63.16～252.67、原料流量F=15～50L/h、1.01×10⁵Pa和室温进料下操作,研究了四级超重机在连续精馏过程中的传质性能;并在β=161.71、R=2.5～7及1.01×10⁵Pa操作条件下,考察了间歇精馏过程中不同回流比R对塔顶和塔底乙醇浓度x_d和x_w的影响.结果表明,在连续精馏过程中,理论塔板数N_T随β和F的增大而增加,设备的等板高度HETP为41.12～58.21mm,x_d=93%,x_w=35%;在间歇精馏过程中,x_d随着R的增大先增高后降低,x_w随着R和t的增大而下降,所得产品x_d为92.5%,x_w为1.05%;乙醇分离回收效果良好,回收率为91.28%,单位回收乙醇产品成本为0.644元/L,充分表现出超重力精馏工艺应用于果胶沉淀溶剂的回收再利用的优势.     

超重力辅助溶剂-反溶剂重结晶法制备亚微米级RDX

为了获得粒径分布均匀的细化RDX,在超重力反应器中,以丙酮-水作为溶剂-反溶剂重结晶体系,添加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为表面活性剂,制备了亚微米级RDX。研究了RDX溶液浓度、PVP含量以及超重力反应器转速对RDX形貌和尺寸的影响,获得最优工艺条件,利用SEM、XRD和FT-IR对其形貌、晶体结构和分子结构进行了表征,并采用DSC研究了RDX的热分解过程。结果表明,在RDX溶液浓度为0.04g/mL、PVP浓度为0.2g/L、超重力反应器转速为1500r/min时,制备了平均粒径为0.54μm的亚微米级RDX,细化处理未改变RDX的晶型;与原料RDX相比,亚微米级RDX的分解峰温提前了1.2℃,热分解活化能从180~250kJ/mol降至约150kJ/mol。     

超重力精馏与反应耦合回收甲醇

针对企业反应过程生成甲醇副产物回收工艺进行设计改造。基于超重力旋转精馏床具有传质效率高、设备体积小的优点,将超重力精馏床与反应釜耦合,改变传统反应过程甲醇回收方式。改造后工艺可实现反应过程副产物甲醇与水的分离,给企业节省了大量能耗和管理成本,比传统甲醇回收工艺具有明显优势。     

“重力沉降”原理在离心机上的应用：浅谈离心机抛洒溶剂的控制与回收

研制一种沉降挡板,应用在“ＳＳ～１０００”离心机上,使之离心时,将所抛洒的溶剂得到控制和回收,同时对于降低工作场地空气中的溶济浓度和工作环境的改善都起到了很好的作用。     

超重力过程强化在废弃二氯甲烷回收精制中的应用

针对医药中间体生产过程中产生的废弃二氯甲烷回收存在的精馏效果不好,二氯甲烷含水量难以达到循环利用标准的问题,本文采用超重力精馏耦合渗透膜脱水技术,通过超重力的高效传质和渗透汽化膜脱水的低能耗脱水能力,实现了废弃二氯甲烷的精制提纯。研究了超重力因子、回流比、蒸发速率和真空度对二氯甲烷含量的影响规律,确定了最佳的工艺参数。在试验条件下,超重力因子为100、回流比为2.0、蒸发速率为200kg·h^-1、脱水真空度为30mm Hg时,回收精制的二氯甲烷含量达到99.5%以上,水分小于等于50×10^-6。     

IGCC多联产工厂克劳斯硫磺回收装置氨水吸收技术改造

IGCC多联产工厂现有硫回收装置存在回收效率低、运行不稳定等问题。采取了氨法吸收工艺技术改造,简述了基本原理、技改措施和工艺流程。通过改造,缩短了工艺流程,降低了能耗,提高了脱硫效率,实现了达标排放。     

溶剂萃取法回收废旧梯黑铝炸药中的RDX和铝粉

利用混合炸药中TNT和RDX在溶剂中溶解度的差异,首先用甲苯萃取出梯黑铝炸药中的TNT,然后分别以丙酮和二甲基亚砜为溶剂,经萃取、冷却结晶,过滤得到RDX。用SEM和DSC对回收RDX进行形貌表征和热分析,用XRD对回收铝粉进行物相分析。结果表明,丙酮和二甲基亚砜中重结晶回收RDX的纯度分别为98.4%和97.8%,撞击感度分别为76%和84%,丙酮重结晶回收RDX晶体质量优于二甲基亚砜重结晶回收的RDX。回收RDX与原料RDX的特征温度基本相同,热安定性良好;回收的铝粉不含炸药,无明显氧化。     

Experimental Study on Ethylene Recovery Using the Solvent Absorption Method

The solvent absorption method was used for the separation of methane and hydrogen from the cracked gases to recover ethylene. The effects of the solvent/gas mass ratio, the operating pressure, and both the gas and solvent inlet temperatures on the solvent absorption behavior were studied. The optimal operating parameters obtained by orthogonal experimental analysis were as follows: solvent/gas mass ratio 3.5, operating pressure 2100 kPa, gas inlet temperature –10 °C, and solvent inlet temperature –40 °C. Excellent agreement was obtained between the experimental data and the simulation results, in all cases.     

Recovery of Boric Acid from Wastewater by Solvent Extraction

Abstract

An extraction system for the recovery of boric acid using 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (BEPD) as an extractant was studied. Loss of the extractant to the aqueous solution was lowered by using 2-ethylhexanol as a diluent. The extraction equilibrium of boric acid with BEPD was clarified, and the equilibrium constants for various diluents were determined. Furthermore, continuous operation for the recovery of boric acid using mixer-settlers for extraction and stripping was successfully conducted during 100 hours.     

Recovery of Anthracene from Coal Tar by Solvent Extraction

Abstract

A method of anthracene purification by extraction of impurities with a methanol-benzene solvent mixture is proposed. In the first stage the anthracene cake is dissolved in the solvent mixture at the boiling temperature of the system. Subsequently the precipitation of the great part of anthracene takes place by cooling the system to room temperature. The solid phase is removed by filtration while the liquid phase is arranged in the last stage by stripping. After this operation the solvent can be reused in the anthracene recovery process. In this paper the results obtained on the recovery of anthracene from anthracene cake are reported. The influence of solvent mixture composition, solvent mixture volume/anthracene cake weight ratio, and operation time are studied. According to the experimental results, 90% of the anthracene from the anthracene cake can be recovered. The anthracene purity attained is close to 90%.     

火炸药危险等级分级程序分析

根据国内外关于爆炸品危险等级的分级方法,结合火炸药特别是当前高能固体推进剂研究的特点和国外推进剂的分级方法,提出火炸药危险等级分级程序的建议,按照这一程序,对于炸药如不能定为1．5级或1．6级,就定为1．1级,而不应定为1．2级～1．4级,火药则只能定成1．1级～1．4级。该程序具有针对性强、有严格的试验判断准则、可操作性强等特点,可供进行危险等级分级研究及制订相应军用标准时参考。     

常温柴油吸收法油气回收装置运行分析与建议

采用常温吸收法进行油气回收,通过对油气回收装置标定情况进行分析,认为吸收效果较好,但仍存在一些问题。对存在问题进行分析,并提出油气回收装置的改造建议。     

Explosive Mixture for Explosive Welding of Thin Foils

An explosive mixture of PETN and baking soda has been investigated. It was found that the size of the PETN particles had crucial influence on the detonation properties of these explosives. The suggested mix of explosives can be recommended for use in explosive welding.     

Recovery of Plutonium and Americium from Chloride Salt Wastes by Solvent Extraction

Abstract

Plutonium and americium can be recovered from aqueous waste solutions containing a mixture of HCl and chloride salt wastes by the coupling of two solvent extraction systems: tributyl phosphate (TBP) in tetra-chloroethylene (TCE) and octyl(phenyl)-N, N-diisobutyl carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) in TCE. In the flowsheet developed, the salt wastes are dissolved in HC1, the Pu(III) is oxidized to the IV state with NaC102 and recovered in the TBP-TCE cycle, and the Am is then removed from the resultant raffinate by the CMPO-TCE cycle. The consequences of the feed solution composition and extraction behavior of these species on the process flowsheet design, the Pu-product purity, and the decontamination of the aqueous raffinate from transuranic elements are discussed.