基于Landsat 8 TIRS数据的大气水汽含量反演劈窗算法

Landsat 8是2013年最新发射的Landsat卫星,携带了OLI和TIRS两个传感器,其中TIRS传感器获取了两个临近的热红外通道信息。劈窗协方差—方差比算法(SWCVR)是一种最通用的基于热红外的大气水汽含量反演方法,利用两个热红外通道(其中一个在大气窗口,另一个在大气吸收谱段)的吸收差异来反演大气水汽含量,该方法已经在MODIS等中低分辨率(1km)的热红外数据上得到很好的应用。将SWCVR算法移植到较高分辨率的Landsat 8TIRS数据上,并对水汽含量反演结果进行精度验证。气象数据验证结果表明,水汽含量的反演精度可以达到0.43g/cm~2。用MODIS水汽产品(MOD05)做交叉验证,反演的水汽含量和MOD05水汽含量的均方根误差(RMSE)为0.44g/cm~2,平均绝对误差(MAE)为0.34g/cm~2。总的来说,SWCVR算法应用于Landsat 8数据的水汽含量反演也能得到一个较高的精度。     

基于劈窗算法的Landsat 8影像地表温度反演

陆地表面温度（LST）是表征地表能量交换和地面特征的重要指标,目前遥感技术逐渐成为区域和全球尺度上LST反演的一种便捷工具,而采样不同算法及不同影像的热红外遥感LST反演研究层出不穷,其中基于Landsat数据的反演成果尤为突出。文章利用劈窗算法对Landsat 8遥感影像进行地表温度反演,对比探讨了根据经验值与借助MODIS热红外数据两种不同方式的LST反演结果,并进行北京市热红外波段辐射亮度温度比较,针对地表温度分级进行统计,分析了当地地表温度分布趋势。结果表明：劈窗算法下Landsat 8数据的反演温度更接近实际温度,精度较高且优于MODIS产品;北京市地表温度空间分布格局受地物结构与反射率所制约,高温区主要集中分布于中东部,中低温区分布与林地及水体分布结构较为吻合。     

基于分组分裂窗算法的MTSAT-1R地表温度反演

以黑河流域上游和中游为研究区,针对MTSAT-1R卫星数据,运用MODTRAN 4.0及晴空状态下的TIGR大气廓线数据,发展了根据地表比辐射率、大气水汽含量、传感器观测角度分组模拟的分裂窗算法,进行地表温度反演。分析了传感器噪声、地表比辐射率和大气水汽含量3个参数对该算法的影响,并结合模拟数据、地面观测数据及MODIS地表温度产品,对反演结果进行分析评价。结果表明:当传感器垂直观测或大气水汽含量小于2.5g/cm2时,反演精度在1K以内;反演结果与地面观测数据对比差异较小,在阿柔站RMSE为3.7 K(日)/1.4 K(夜),在盈科站RMSE为2.4K(日)/2.0K(夜);与MODIS地表温度产品比较,空间分布呈现出一致性。总之,分组分裂窗算法能较好地用于MTSAT-1R卫星数据进行地表温度反演。     

基于Landsat 8数据的3种地表温度反演算法在三河坝流域的对比分析

采用辐射传输方程法(RTE)、单窗算法(MW)和单通道算法(SC)3种算法及相关参数,结合三河坝流域数据对TIRS10/Landsat 8遥感数据反演的地表温度(LST)进行研究和分析,并对MW算法中的参数进行了修正。输出了流域LST灰度图和密度分割图,LST的直方图和交叉验证散点图用于LST反演算法结果的比较。3种算法计算LST的像元值线性拟合程度类似,空间分布一致,其中RTE与SC算法精度接近一致差值在0~0.05K区间范围内,MW算法的LST偏高于其他2种算法差值在0~1.27K区间范围内。对该流域不同土地覆盖类型的地表温度进行比较,反演结果可有效根据不同土地覆盖类型反演出地表热场细部结构,显示地表温度的细节信息。将这3种算法获取的LST值与MODIS LST产品值进行比较,结果表明两者之间显著相关,有较高的一致性。通过3种反演LST算法对TIRS10/Landsat 8遥感数据进行细致和精确的分析,为其他热红外波段卫星数据反演LST的算法提供一定的参考,通过对不同土地覆盖类型LST的评价与比较,也为后续提高LST反演精度提供依据。     

基于Landsat-5 TM的洪河湿地地表温度估算方法对比研究

利用洪河湿地2008年5月15日过境的Landsat/TM图像和实测地面数据以及MODIS 地表发射率数据,分别运用大气辐射传输模型、覃志豪的单窗算法和Jimenez\|Munoz & Sobrino 的单波段算法估算洪河湿地的地表温度,并且对比了大气校正前后的NDVI、LSE以及各种算法估算地表温度的差异。分析估算结果表明,覃志豪的单窗算法与实测地面数据估算结果非常一致。指出在没有实时探空数据的情况下,应用只有一个热红外通道的Landsat/TM数据源,采用覃志豪的单窗算法估算的精度是可以接受的。     

基于Landsat-5TM的洪河湿地地表温度估算方法对比研究

利用洪河湿地2008年5月15日过境的Landsat／TM图像和实测地面数据以及MODIS地表发射率数据,分别运用大气辐射传输模型、覃志豪的单窗算法和Jimenez—Munoz ＆ Sobrino的单波段算法估算洪河湿地的地表温度,并且对比了大气校正前后的NDVI、LSE以及各种算法估算地表温度的差异。分析估算结果表明,覃志豪的单窗算法与实测地面数据估算结果非常一致。指出在没有实时探空数据的情况下,应用只有一个热红外通道的Landsat／TM数据源,采用覃志豪的单窗算法估算的精度是可以接受的。     

一个从ASTER数据中反演地表温度的劈窗算法

根据EOS/Terra多传感器的特点,提出了一个适合于ASTER数据的劈窗算法,该算法包括两个必要的参数大气透过率和比辐射率。大气透过率是通过利用MODIS的3个近红外波段反演大气水汽含量并根据大气水汽含量与热红外波段的统计关系计算得到。由于MODIS和ASTER是在同一颗星上,这种大气透过率估计方法保证了地表温度反演过程中所需大气参数的同步获取。对于比辐射率则是通过分类和JPL提高的光谱库获得。最后用大气模拟校正法对算法进行了验证,在比辐射率已知的情况下,当使用大气模型模拟得到的大气透过率时,对Planck函数优化简化后的平均精度为0.56℃;当大气透过率是从大气水汽含量计算得到时,优化平均精度为0.58℃,表明该算法可行。     

TM热红外波段等效比辐射率估算

地表比辐射率是热红外遥感获取地表温度必不可少的参数。目前,实验室或野外实际测量的都是8~14um热红外波段范围内的地表比辐射率,这与Landsat 5 TM热红外波段10.4~12.5um范围内的地表比辐射率还存在着一定的差异。本文将着重探讨TM热红外范围内地表比辐射率的估算方法,然后根据估算出的地表比辐射率,利用覃志豪等提出的单窗算法[1~2],对北京城八区进行地表温度反演。结果表明,该方法能获得较为合理的地表温度反演结果。     

基于MODIS 影像数据的劈窗算法研究及其参数确定

劈窗算法是目前由热红外遥感数据获取陆面温度的主要方法。在介绍劈窗算法的一般表现形式的基础上, 我们推导出适合于MOD IS 影像数据的劈窗算法。大气透过率和地表比辐射率是求解地表温度的两个关键参数。由于MOD IS 图像分辨率较低,MOD IS 像元主要由水面、植被和裸土3种地物类型构成, 故可依据这3 种地物的构成比例确定地表比辐射率。从遥感影像上反演大气的水汽含量, 再根据大气水汽含量与大气透过率的关系计算出大气透过率。最后将文中推导的劈窗算法用于江苏省地表温度的反演。反演出来的地表温度图显示出明显的地表温度空间差异、城市热岛效应和不同的地物类型。     

陆地资源卫星数据地表温度反演

针对目前陆地资源卫星(Landsat-8)地表温度反演过程中,地表比辐射率估计和敏感度分析中存在的不足,对这两方面进行改进,提出了一种基于Landsat-8数据的地表温度反演算法。该文主要从劈窗算法的推导、参数的估计、敏感度分析等方面进行研究。对于大气透过率的计算,首先用与其有相邻过境时间的MODIS数据反演大气水汽含量,然后通过中分辨率的大气传输模型(Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Transmission,MODTRAN)模拟大气水汽含量与透过率的关系,最后得到大气透过率。对于发射率的计算,通过分类和ASTER提供的光谱库获得。将大气辐射传输方程模拟的地表温度与此劈窗算法反演的地表温度做比较,结果表明平均精度达到0.82K。最后研究了大气水汽含量对地表温度的影响。结果显示,当大气水汽含量误差为0.1g/cm2,其对温度反演精度的影响最大不超过0.3K;当大气水汽含量的反演误差较大的时候,其对温度反演精度的影响较大。     

Algorithms Comparison of Land Surface Temperature Retrieval from Landsat Series Data：A Case Study in Qiqihar，China

Land Surface Temperature（LST)is considered to be one of the significant indicators of urban environment analysis.Landsat thermal infrared series data is an important data source for retrieving surface temperature.In this paper，the thermal infrared band of the Landsat data in 2002，2008 and 2016 were used to retrieve LST by three different algorithms in municipal area of Qiqihar，China.These algorithms were the Mono-Window algorithm（MW algorithm)，the Single Channel algorithm（SC algorithm) and the Radiation Transport Equation method（RTE algorithm).And the results of the retrieval were compared to each other and verified by MODIS surface temperature products.The LST distribution maps were accomplished according to the retrieval results.The results showed that：(1)The spatial distribution of the LST obtained by the retrieval of the Landsat series by the three algorithms is consistent，and the LSTof the urban center is higher and thetemperature of water is the lowest；(2)Based on ETM+ data，the consistency between SC and RTE algorithm results is good，among which the SC algorithm has the highest precision，and the MW algorithm has large errors in different land cover areas；(3)The retrieval results by MW algorithm based on the TM data has the highest accuracy，RTE algorithm results is second，and the LST form SC algorithm is less consistent with the corresponding MODIS temperature products；(4)Based on the Landsat 8 TIRS data，the SC algorithm has the highest accuracy and the RTE algorithm has a large error.     

Land Surface Temperature Data Fusion of Landsat ETM and MODISby Combining TsHARP and STITFM Model

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important parameter that describes energy balance of substance and energy exchange between the surface and the atmosphere,and LST has widely used in the fields of urban heat island effect,soil moisture and surface radiative flux.Currently,no satellite sensor can deliver thermal infrared data at both high temporal resolution and spatial resolution,which strongly limits the wide application of thermal infrared data.Based on the MODIS land surface temperature product and Landsat ETM+image,a temporal and spatial fusion method is proposed by combining the TsHARP (Thermal sHARPening) model with the STITFM (Spatio\|Temporal Integrated Temperature Fusion Model) algorithm,defined as CTsSTITFM model in this study.The TsHARP method is used to downscale the 1 km MODIS land surface temperature image to LST data at spatial resolution of 250 m.Then the accuracy is verified by the retrieval LST from Landsat ETM+ image at the same time.Land surface temperature image at 30 m spatial scale is predicted by fusing Landsat ETM+ and downscaling MODIS data using STITFM model.The fusion LST image is validated by the estimated LST from Landsat ETM+ data for the same predicted.The results show that the proposed method has a better precision comparing to the STITFM algorithm.Under the default parameter setting,the predicted LST values using CTsSTITFM fusion method have a root mean square error (RMSE) less than 1.33 K.By adjusting the window size of CTsSTITFM fusion method,the fusion results in the selected areas show some regularity with the increasing of the window.In general,a reasonable window size set may slightly improve the effects of LST fusion.The CTsSTITFM fusion method can solve the problem of mixed pixels caused by coarse\|scale MODIS surface temperature images to some degree.     

Land Surface Temperature Retrieval from Landsat-8 Data with the Generalized Split Window Algorithm

This work addresses the LST retrieval from Landsat\|8 data with the generalized split\|window algorithm.Firstly,radiative transfer modeling experiment is conducted using MODTRAN 4.0,fed with SeeBor V5 atmospheric profile database to build a data set of LST related to brightness temperatures in the bands 10 and 11 of Thermal Infrared Sensor(TIRS) on Landsat-8,Land Surface Emissivities(LSEs),viewing zenith angle and Total Precipitable Water(TPW).Secondly,based on the modeling data set,the unknown coefficients of the generalized split-window algorithm are obtained,and the algorithm sensitivity is analyzed.Then,LSTs are derived from the inter-calibrated and clear sky Landsat\|8 data with the generalized split\|window algorithm,in which LSEs are estimated from Landsat\|8 Operational Land Imager(OLI) data,and TPWs are extracted from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) reanalysis data.Finally,the results are validated with the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) LST/LSE product(MOD11_L2 V5).The results show that the generalized split window algorithm developed in this work can accurately retrieve LST from the Landsat\|8 data,and the error is mainly come from the uncertainty of LSEs and TPW.Before and after correction of LSEs and TPW,the LST errors in this work are,respectively,-0.64 ±0.81 K and 0.10±0.68 K against the MOD11_L2 V5 product.     

Comparative Analysis on Three Land Surface Temperature Inversion Algorithm based on Landsat 8 Data over Sanheba Basin

The Land Surface Temperature (LST) of TIRS10 / Landsat 8 remote sensing data is studied and analyzed by combining the data and related parameters of Sanheba basin,and the LST inversion algorithm are used the Radiative Transfer Equation Method (RTE),Mono\|Window algorithm (MW) and Single\|Channel Method (SC).The parameters of the MW algorithm are corrected.The LST gray scale and density segmentation graphs,the histogram of LST and the cross validation flank are used to compare the results of the LST inversion algorithm.The results show that the three kinds of algorithms are similar to the linear fitting degree of LST,and the spatial distribution is consistent.The RTE and SC algorithm are close to each other,the average error of algorithm is 0~0.05 K.the LST of MW algorithm is higher than that of the other two algorithms,the average error of algorithm is 0~1.27 K.The LST of different land cover types in this basin is compared,and the inversion results can effectively reflect the details of the surface thermal field structure according to the different land cover types.The LST values obtained by these three algorithms are compared with the MODIS LST product values.The results show that there is a significant correlation between the LST values and the MODIS LST products.In this paper,3 kinds of the LST inversion algorithms are analyzed detailed accurate on TIRS10/Landsat 8 remote sensing data,provide a reference for other thermal infrared satellite data inversion LST algorithm,but also for the subsequent LST improve the accuracy of inversion basis.     

基于HJ-1B卫星数据的南京市地表温度反演研究

地表温度(LST)是全球变化的过程参数,应用HJ-1B-RS热红外数据,采用辐射传输法(RTE)、覃志豪单窗算法(Qins’)和普适性单通道算法(JM&S)对南京市地表温度进行反演。结果表明:3种算法均能较好地反映南京地区的地表温度趋势。RTE反演精度最高,与MODIS地温产品的差值多集中在2.1 K左右;Qins’的反演结果略低,温差多集中在3.87 K左右;而JM&S的结果明显偏低,温差多集中在5.96 K左右。结合土地利用类型图对地表温度进行分析,RTE温度结果中,温度最高的建设用地与温度最低的水体的温度相差4.1 K;Qins’温度结果中建设用地与水体的温度相差4.38 K;JM&S温度结果中建设用地与水体的温度相差2.15 K。RTE和Qins’更能体现不同土地利用类型之间的温度差异及对城市热岛的贡献。     

利用TM6数据反演陆地表面温度新算法研究

陆地表面温度(LST)反演一直是热红外遥感研究中的一大难题。虽然TM 6数据具有较高的空间分辨率(120 m),但由于只有一个热通道,要得到地表真实温度,原来需要利用辐射传输方程的方法,实时资料的缺乏限制了该方法的应用。因而由TM 6数据得到的通常都是星上亮度温度,而星上亮度温度与实际地表温度差距较大,因此,其反演的温度精度不高。而单窗算法和普适性单通道算法的提出为从TM 6数据较高精度地反演陆地表面温度提供了可能。分析和研究了这两个新的单通道温度反演算法,并针对北京市的实际情况,利用2005年5月6日的TM数据对北京市的陆地表面温度进行了反演,并用实地测量数据进行了比较验证。结果表明这两种温度反演算法都取得了较高的精度,它们的rm sd值分别为1.38°和2.18°。     

Land Surface Temperature Retrieval and Its Spatial Heterogeneity in Summer in Chongqing

Land Surface Temperature(LST)is an important parameter in land surface energy budget.In order to improve the accuracy of LST retrieval by remote sensing methods in summer in urban districts of Chongqing with hot and humid atmosphere condition.an improved methodology was presented with the improved atmospheric transmittance estimated on MODTRAN software using the atmospheric profile data of MERRA in urban districts of Chongqing.LST was retrieved from Landsat 8 TIRS band 10 data using single-window algorithm which apply the improved and unimproved atmospheric transmittance respectively.Then the retrieved LST was compared with the 0 cm soil temperatures observedby 4 meteorological stations.Finally,the spatial heterogeneity of LST was analyzed.The result indicated that：(1)The scheme proposed in this paper can improve LST retrieval in summer in urban districts of Chongqing.The Mean Absolute Error(MAE)decrease from 4.89 K to 1.73 K.(2)The retrieved LST has spatial heterogeneity with different terrain factors.Its lapse rate is about 1.17 K/100 m.It decreases with the increase of slope.Moreover,it has obvious differences with aspect.The flat slope>sunny slope>semi-sunny slope>semi-shady slope>shady slope.There also existed highly significant correlation between the LST and hill shade.The LST increases with the decrease of hill shade.(3)Influenced by land cover,the spatial distribution of LST showed significant differences.The average LST inthe built\|up area is highest,while the wet land is lowest.The difference of average LST in other land cover types is little.