循环浆态床气液传质系数的研究

以空气-水-玻璃微珠和空气-石蜡油-玻璃微珠两种三相系统为研究对象,在常温常压下分别考察了液体介质的粘度等物性因素,表观气速、固含率、液体循环量等操作因素,气体分布器、分隔板等结构因素对循环浆态床反应器气液传质特性的影响.实验结果表明,气液传质系数随表观气速的增加而增加,随液体粘度和固含率的增大而减小,当表观气速和固含率增加到一定程度后,传质系数趋于稳定;低气速下,玻璃烧结板的传质效果较好,而较高气速时,多孔板和新型锐孔分布器的传质效果较好;分隔板能显著增大气液传质系数.对多孔板分布器实验数据进行了拟合,得出气液传质系数的经验关联式,关联式计算值与实验结果吻合良好.     

气体搅拌辅助的萃取过程性能研究

以煤油-苯甲酸-水三相体系萃取为对象,以空气模拟有气体参与反应的辅助静态混合器代替机械搅拌。在萃取塔内装入不同组合形式的静态分布器,对煤油-苯甲酸-水三相体系的传质性能进行了研究,分析了传质系数、气含率、滞液率的影响因素。从实验结果可以看出,辅助搅拌气相流速的改变对传质性能有很大的影响,静态分布器的不同组合形式对传质性能也有一定的影响。     

三相连续环流反应器中氧的液相传质过程

在空气-水-玻璃珠三相连续操作环流反应器中,利用动态溶氧方法研究了表观气速(Ug=0.01~0.13 m/s)、进料浆速(USL=0.001~0.011 m/s)、浆相质量固含率(es=0~30%, w)和固相颗粒大小(dp=59, 200 mm)对环流反应器内氧的液相传质性能的影响. 结果表明,在考察范围内,环流反应器传质系数随表观气速增大而增大,受进料浆速变化的影响较小,随浆相固含率增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,但在高固含率下(es≥10%, w)的影响不显著;随固相颗粒粒径增大而减小. 同时得到了液相体积传质系数的经验关联式.     

三相机械搅拌反应器气液传质

由空气-水、液体石蜡-细颗粒黄沙、石英砂、催化剂构成三相体系,常压下在表观气速0.10×10^-2～1.5×10^-2cm•s^-1 、固体浓度为0～0.34 g•ml^-1溶剂、搅拌转速450～1500 r•min^-1的实验条件下,采用溶氧仪研究了三相机械搅拌反应器的气液传质特性,考察了操作参数和液体性质、颗粒粒径及密度等物性因素对液相容积传质系数k_La的影响,用改进的高斯-牛顿法进行参数估值,得到k_La与上述因素的量纲1关联式,统计检验表明,所得量纲1关联式与实验值拟合情况良好,可为后续搅拌反应釜中三相淤浆床甲醇合成过程分析与模拟提供传质基础数据.     

气升-射流式多段环流反应器的流体力学和传质特性

气升式环流反应器在气液或气液固三相反应以及分离过程应用广泛,为提高气液分布和传质性能,在气升式多段环流反应器的第2段引入射流,开发一种气升-射流式多段环流反应器.在160 L的实验装置中,以水-空气体系,研究了气升-射流式多段环流反应器的流体力学和传质特性.射流可减小上升气泡的弦长,提高总体气含率,改善下降段气液分布,...     

多相气升式环流反应器局部相含率和环流速度

气升式环流反应器流动特性研究大多都局限于流动参数的平均特性研究,涉及气-液-固系统流动特性的研究也较少。在200×2500mm气升式环流反应器内,实验研究了空气-水两相及空气-水-玻璃珠三相体系中局部气、固相含率以及浆(液)相环流特性等随操作条件以及液、固相物性的变化规律。结果表明:1两相体系导流筒中截面平均气含率轴向分布有局部极大值,而固体和乙醇的加入使得气含率轴向分布平缓;2两相体系循环液速在导流筒中呈径向抛物分布,在环隙分布较均匀,加入固体和乙醇后对循环速度分布和大小影响不大;3三相体系中导流筒内固含率沿轴向升高呈增大趋势,环隙内轴向分布均匀;导流筒内、外固含率径向分布均不均匀,以近壁处为大;加入乙醇后对固含率分布影响不大。     

微型气液固三相等温微分浆态床反应器的优化

针对气液固三相浆态床催化反应中,传递、反应、催化剂的原位表征均比较复杂的问题,为了有利于气、固相均匀分散于液相和反应温度在反应器中实现等温,通过对气液固三相反应工艺特性和反应器性能要求的分析,对微型气液固三相浆态床反应器进行了优化。根据微型浆态床对气液固三相反应分析的要求,采用图像法研究了分布器为G1、G2、G3,砂板直径为2、2.5、3 cm反应器中的流体力学性能特征,考察了气体流速、温度、反应器直径及气体分布器对气含率、气泡尺寸、气泡上升速率以及气泡分布的影响,并进行流体动力学模拟计算,确定了微型浆态床反应器的直径为2 cm,气体分布器为G3砂板的反应器结构,该反应器可以应用于反应过程中间态及液体产物生成过程的测试。     

内循环流化床管式气体分布器的实验研究

采用内循环流化床,以清水-空气-聚乙烯填料三相体系为研究对象,在常温常压下考察分析管式气体分布器的孔径、开孔率、布气位置等因素对内循环流化床的流体力学特性和传质性能的影响。研究结果表明:低进气量时,孔径小的分布器产生的气泡小且均匀,传质和流化效果较好;高进气量时分布器孔径对内循环流化床的影响较小。随着分布器开孔率增大,曝气阻力的影响减弱,故内循环流化床气含率、循环液速和氧传质系数呈现逐渐增大的趋势。布气位置升高,使气泡停留时间缩短且射流影响加剧,致使内循环流化床传质性能和流体力学性能不佳。文中实验为内循环流化床气体分布器的结构优化以及选择合适的布气位置提供依据和理论分析,对工业应用有着重要的意义。     

自吸式反应器气液传质实验研究和CFD模拟

对一种自吸式反应器的气液分散性能进行了实验研究,并采用计算流体力学(CFD)ANSYS CFX中对自吸式反应器在600,800,1 000,1 200 r/min 4种转速条件下气液二相流的流场、局部气含率及整体气含率进行了数值模拟,并采用Higbie溶质渗透模型模拟研究了反应器的容积传质系数。研究结果表明:气液二相流场与高速摄像机拍摄的结果相同,成对称分布;自吸式反应器的局部气含率分布均匀,上下分布良好,整体气含率的模拟结果与实验结果一致,实验值和模拟值误差为5.1%;局部容积传质系数分布良好,气体出口附近较好,容积传质系数模拟值与实验值变化趋势一致。     

一种新型气液反应器流体力学与传质性能研究

为强化气液两相传质,研制出一种新型的气液反应器,即转鼓反应器。对其流体力学特性和传质性能分别进行了研究。采用体积法和脉冲法测定了不同条件下的气含率和停留时间分布;采用空气-水脱氧体系,研究了该反应器在不同条件下的体积传质系数。结果表明,该反应器液相接近于活塞流;气含率随转速N、气量QG的增大而增大;体积传质系数KLa随转速N和气量QG增大而增大,而液量QL变化对其影响不大。     

高温高压浆态鼓泡床反应器中的气-液传质

The gas-liquid mass transfer of H2 and CO in a high temperature and high-pressure three-phase slurry bubble column reactor is studied. The gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficients kLa are obtained by measuring the dissolution rate of H2 and CO. The influences of the main operation conditions, such as temperature, pressure,superficial gas velocity and solid concentration, are studied systematically. Two empirical correlations are proposed to predict kLa values for H2 and CO in liquid paraffln/solid particles slurry bubble column reactors.     

Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in an upward venturi/bubble column combination

The hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of a venturi/bubble column combination were studied at high liquid superficial velocities of up to 0.35 m/s. The gas hold-up was increased by 50% to 150% and the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient was tripled when the venturi was used as “gas distributor” instead of a porous distributor. A correlation of the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (K_La) with the gas hold-up, valid for gas hold-ups as high as 0.3, was proposed for the cylindrical bubble column section. The energy consumption per mole of oxygen transferred was lower than with most distributors and the oxygen transfer rate per unit of reactor volume was higher than in a bubble column with a porous distributor. The venturi/bubble column combination is a compact and efficient system which does not have the operating problems of systems which require internals.     

Oxygen mass transfer coefficient in bubble column slurry reactor with ultrafine suspended particles and neural network prediction

The gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient was determined by the dynamic oxygen absorption technique using a polarographic dissolved oxygen probe and the gas–liquid interfacial area was measured using dual‐tip conductivity probes in a bubble column slurry reactor at ambient temperature and normal pressure. The solid particles used were ultrafine hollow glass microspheres with a mean diameter of 8.624 µm. The effects of various axial locations (height–diameter ratio = 1–12), superficial gas velocity (u_G = 0.011–0.085 m/s) and solid concentration (ε_S = 0–30 wt.%) on the gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient k_La_L and liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient k_L were discussed in detail in the range of operating variables investigated. Empirical correlations by dimensional analysis were obtained and feed‐forward back propagation neural network models were employed to predict the gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient and liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient for an air–water–hollow glass microspheres system in a commercial‐scale bubble column slurry reactor. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

A highly elevated mass transfer rate process for three-phase,liquid-continuous fluidized beds

Average gas holdup and gas-to-liquid mass transfer in three-phase fluidized beds with non-Newtonian fluids were studied. The effects of liquid property, gas distributor type and magnetic field intensity on mass transfer coefficient and overall gas holdup were examined. The volumetric gas-to-liquid mass transfer coefficient was determined by fitting the oxygen concentration profile data across the bed to the axial dispersion model. The average gas holdup and mass transfer coefficient were all correlated with operating parameters including gas velocity and effective viscosity.Experimental results showed that a three-fold increase in mass transfer coefficient and a two-fold increase in average gas holdup were observed with properly designed liquid property and gas distributor. A modified process was developed to highly elevate the volumetric gas-to-liquid mass transfer rate. The bubble coalescing property of three-phase fluidized beds with small particles is eliminated, and its application to biotechnology and enzyme-catalyzed processes with high gas-to-liquid mass transfer rate could be achieved.     

Effect of pressure fluctuations on the heat transfer characteristics in a pressurized slurry bubble column

The hydrodynamics and heat transfer characteristics were investigated in a slurry bubble column reactor whose diameter was 0.0508 m (ID) and 1.5 m in height. Effects of gas velocity (0.025–0.1 m/s), pressure (0.1–0.7MPa), solid concentration (0–20 vol%) and liquid viscosity (1.0–38.0 mPa s) on the hydrodynamics and heat transfer characteristics were examined. The pressure difference fluctuations were analyzed by means of attractor trajectories and correlation dimension to characterize the hydrodynamic behavior in the column. The gas holdup increased with increasing gas velocity or pressure, but decreased with increasing solid concentration or liquid viscosity. It was found that the attractor trajectories and correlation dimension of pressure fluctuations were effective tools to describe the hydrodynamic behaviors in the slurry bubble column. The heat transfer coefficient increased with increasing pressure or gas velocity, but decreased with increasing solid concentration or viscosity of slurry phase in the slurry bubble column. The heat transfer coefficient value was well correlated in terms of operating variables and correlation dimension of pressure fluctuations in the slurry bubble column.     

高温高压下浆态鼓泡床气液传质系数的测定

采用气体动态吸收法,对高温高压下浆态鼓泡床中气液传质系数进行了测定,考察了系统压力、温度、表观气速及固含量等操作条件对传质系数的影响. 结果表明,在温度298~473 K、气体压力1.0~3.0 MPa、表观气速0.03~0.10 m/s、固含量0%~20%(w)的实验条件下,体积传质系数随着压力、温度及表观气速的增加而增大,随固含量的增加而减小. 同时对不同塔径的传质系数进行了比较,表明在相同的操作条件下,大塔的传质系数略高于小塔.     

三相鼓泡淤浆床环氧乙烷合成反应器数学模拟及工程分析

建立了加压三相鼓泡淤浆床环氧乙烷合成反应器的数学模型 ,计入了催化剂颗粒在床层中沉降形成沿床高浓度分布对反应的影响以及由于惰性液相载体部分返混对传递的影响 ,进一步利用经实验验证的上述数学模型模拟不同表观气速、床高、反应器直径 (扣除传热元件截面积 )、进口乙烯摩尔分数等参数对床层中催化剂浓度随床高的分布、出口环氧乙烷摩尔分数、环氧乙烷选择率以及单位质量催化剂环氧乙烷年产量的影响 .通过模拟分析预示了工业三相床环氧乙烷反应器的合理尺寸、表观气速、环氧乙烷选择率以及时空产率 ,为工业化提供必要的设计依据     

Bubble size fractal dimension,gas holdup,and mass transfer in a bubble column with dual internals

As the scale of residual oil treatment increases and cleaner production improves in China, slurry bubble column reactors face many challenges and opportunities for residual oil hydrogenation technology. The internals development is critical to adapt the long-term stable operation. In this paper, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, gas holdup and bubble size in a gas–liquid up-flow column are studied with two kinds of internals. The gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient increase by 120% and 42% when the fractal dimension of bubbles increases from 0.56 to 2.56, respectively. The enhanced mass transfer processing may improve the coke suppression ability in the slurry reactor for residual oil treatment. The results can be useful for the exploration of reacting conditions, scale-up strategies, and oil adaptability. This work is valuable for the design of reactor systems and technological processes.     

鼓泡床反应器内流动与传质行为的研究进展

总结了有关浆态鼓泡床反应器内流动、混合用气液传质特性的研究成果,详细地介绍了鼓泡床反应器内气含率、液速、液体轴向扩散系数、传质系数的测量方法,阐述了鼓泡床反应器性能的主要影响因素,如系统压力、温度、气体表观气速、液体性质及固含率等对流动、液相混合和传质特性的影响,并对鼓泡床反应器的应用前景进行了详述.     

HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER IN A DRAFT TUBE SLURRY REACTOR

Fundamental characteristics of hydrodynamics and mass transfer have been measured in an air lift slurry reactor with a draft tube. The solid suspension capacity, i.e., the critical solid holdup, the gas holdup and the volumetric gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient were measured in the two draft tube columns of 0.1485 and 0.10?m in diameter. Four activated carbon beads ranging in size from 0.25 to 2.19?mm in average diameter were utilized as suspended solids in the experiments.

The critical solid holdup in the draft tube slurry column is found to be much greater than that in the conventional bubble column. An empirical correlation is developed to account for the critical solid holdup behavior in the draft tube column. The gas holdup in the draft tube column agrees well with that in the bubble column. The overall gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient, k₁awas measured by the oxygen probe method. The effect of solid holdup on k₁a is found to be negligible in the present system. The empirical equation is developed to correlate k₁a in the draft tube slurry reactor.