Integrierter Umweltschutz und Biotechnologie: Ökobilanz und Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung im Innovationsprozess

The main objectives of integrated approaches to environmental protection in industrial processes are cost reduction and a reduction of environmental impact. Environmental protection measures should be integrated into the innovation processes since it is during the development stage that some 80% of the overall costs arise. Substantial potential for such innovation exists in the chemical industry, especially in the field of fine chemicals. The substitution of traditional chemical industrial procedures by biotechnological methods appears particularly promising. For example, the use of enzymes (extremozymes) or fermentative methods has much to offer. Estimation of the benefits of such procedures critically depends on information instruments such as eco‐balances in combination with analysis of economic efficiency. Since such instruments are not consistent in their approach and application, further considerations concerning the amalgamation are required.     

Einfluss ausgewählter Medienstrukturparameter auf das Betriebsverhalten von Ölnebelfiltern

The relevant mechanisms in oil mist filtration and their impact on operational behavior of the filters have received increasing attention in research over the last few years and are qualitatively well understood by now. However, so far the relationship between structural properties of the filter media and the operational behavior of the filters is relatively unknown. For the identification of filtration‐relevant structural parameters, textile properties of different filter media were characterized with various methods. The operational behavior of the characterized filter media was then examined and compared.     

Grundlagenuntersuchungen zur Herstellung von Emulsionen im Ultraschallfeld — Teil 2

The formation of emulsions by use of ultrasonication was investigated, particularly for low‐viscosity oils. The influence of the irradiated volume, power density, viscosity of the dispersed and continuous phases as well as the influence of the oil fraction on drop size were investigated. An equation based on turbulence theory can be used to predict the dependence of drop size on different process conditions and substance properties. Comparison with other methods shows that emulsification can be achieved with ultrasound just as efficiently.